GRADE: 12 REVISION TEST - 20% -1

PHYSICS MARKS:
70M
I. Answer the following Questions:
(16x1=16)
1. c) the atoms in the paper get polarised by the charged comb
2.d) quantisation of charge
3. Ans: b
4.d) 4 x 10-7 Nm
5. Ans: B
6. (c)Charge on the plates
7. a) increase
2 ε0 A k 1 k 2
8.c) ( k +k )
9.b) E ∝ j
d 1 2

10. a) υ d ∝ E
11. a) 0.1
12. Ans: a) T1 > T2
Assertion and Reason:
13. Ans: c
14. Ans: a
15. Ans: b
16. Ans: a
II. Very Short Answer: (5x2=10)
17. (i) Explain the meaning of the statement ‘electric charge of a body is
quantised’.
(ii) Why can one ignore quantisation of electric charge when dealing with
macroscopic i.e., large scale charges?
Ans: (i) Quantisation of electric charge means that the total charge (q) of a
body is always an integral multiple of a basic charge (e) which is the charge
on an electron. Thus q = ne, where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3,……
(ii) While dealing with macroscopic charges (q = ne), we can ignore
quantisation of electric charge. This is because ℮ is very small and η is very
large and so q behaves as if it were continuous i.e., as if a large amount of
charge is flowing continuously.
18. Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops?
Ans: Electric field lines start from positive charge and terminate at negative
charge. If there is a single positive charge, the field lines start from the
charge and terminate at infinity. So, the electric field lines do not form
closed loop.
19.What is electrostatic shielding? Mention its few applications.
Ans: Electrostatic shielding. Consider a conductor with a cavity, with no
charges placed inside the cavity. Whatever be the size and shape of the
cavity and whatever be the charge on the conductor and the external fields
in which it might be placed, the electric field inside the cavity is zero, i.e.,
the cavity inside the conductor remains shielded from outside electric
influence. This is known as electrostatic shielding. Such a field free region is
called a Faraday cage.
The phenomenon of making a region free from any electric field is called
electrostatic shielding. It is based on the fact that electric field vanishes
inside the cavity of a hollow conductor.
Applications of electrostatic shielding
1. In a thunderstorm accompanied by lightning, it is safest to sit inside a
car, rather than near a tree or on the open ground. The metallic body of the
car becomes an electrostatic shielding from lightning.
2. Sensitive components of electronic devices are pro- tected or shielded
from external electric distur- bances by placing metal shields around them.
3. In a coaxial cable, the outer conductor connec- ted to ground provides an
electrical shield to the signals carried by the central conductor.
20. State the two Kirchhoff's laws for electrical circuits and explain them
giving suitable illustrations. Also state the sign conventions used.
Ans: Kirchhoff's first law or junction rule.
In an electric circuit, the algebraic sum of currents at any junction is zero.
Or, the sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents
leaving that junction. Mathematically, this law may be expressed as
ΣΙ=0
21. There are two conductors A and B of the same material, having lengths l
and 2l: and having radii r and r/2 respectively. What is the ratio of their
resistances?
Ans:

III. Short Answer: (7x 3 =21)

22. Why is it necessary that the field lines from a point charge places in the
vicinity of a conductor must be normal to the conductor at every point.
Ans: If the field lines are not normal, then the field ⃗E would have a tangential
component which will make electrons move along the surface creating
surface currents and the conductor will not be in equilibrium.
23. An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges, separated by a
small fixed distance between them. The dipole is free to move. What is the
action on it, when it is placed in
(i) a uniform electric field, and
(ii) a non-uniform electric field?
Solution. (i) In a uniform electric field, an electric dipole experiences two
equal, opposite and parallel forces at its two ends. The net force on it is
zero but it experiences a torque due to which it rotates about an axis
perpendicular to the electric field and passing through its mid-point.
(ii) In a non-uniform electric field, an electric dipole experiences two
unequal and non-parallel forces at its two AB ends. The two forces add up to
give a resultant force and a torque. So the dipole will accelerate linearly in
the direction of the resultant force and also accelerate angularily in the
direction of the resultant torque.
24. Derive an expression for the potential energy of a dipole in a uniform
electric field. Discuss the conditions of stable and unstable equilibrium.
Ans: Potential energy of a dipole placed in a uniform electric field.

electric field ⃗E with its dipole moment ⃗P making an angle θ with the field.
As shown in Fig. 2.32, consider an electric dipole placed in a uniform

Two equal and opposite forces + q ⃗ E and -q⃗E act on its two ends. The two

t=qEx 2a sin θ = pE sin θ

forces form a couple. The torque exerted by the couple will be

where qx 2a = p, is the dipole moment.

If the dipole is rotated through a small angle de against the torque acting

dW = t dθ = pE sin θ dθ
on it, then the small work done is

The total work done in rotating the dipole from its orientation making an
angle θ1, with the direction of the field to θ2 will be

25. What is a parallel plate capacitor ? Drive an expression for its

capacitance. On what factors does the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor depend ?
Ans: Parallel plate capacitor. The simplest and the most widely used
capacitor is the parallel plate capacitor. It - consists of two large plane
parallel conducting plates, separated by a small distance.
Let A = area of each plate,

± σ = uniform surface charge densities on the two plates

d = distance between the two plates

± Q = ± σ A = total charge on each plate.

In the outer regions above the upper plate and below the lower plate, the
electric fields due to the two charged plates cancel out. The net field is zero.

In the inner region between the two capacitor plates, the electric fields due
to the two charged plates add up. The net field is

The direction of the electric field is from the positive to the negative plate
and the field is uniform throughout. For plates with finite area, the field lines
bend at the edges. This effect is called fringing of the field. But for large
plates separated by small distance (A>> d²), the field is almost uniform in
the regions far from the edges. For a uniform electric field,
P.D. between the plates
= Electric field x distance between the plates
σd
or V = Ed = ε
0

Capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor is

Q σA ε0 A
C= V = σ d /ε or C= .
0 d
26. A parallel plate capacitor is formed by two plates, each of area 100cm 2
,separated by a distance of 1 mm. A dielectric constant 5 and dielectric
strength 1.9 x 10 7 x Vm -1 is filled between the plates. Find the maximum
charge that can be stored on the capacitor without causing any dielectric
breakdown.
Solution. Electric field between capacitor plates is given by
27. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2Ω is connected to a 4 Ω
resistor as shown in Fig. 3.95. Show that a volt- meter when placed across
the cell and across the resistor, in turn, gives the same reading.

28. A heating element using nichrome connected to a 230 V supply draws

an initial current of 3.2 A which settles after a few seconds to a steady
value of 2.8 A. What is the steady temperature of the heating element if the

nichrome averaged over the temperature range involved is 1.70x10 -4 ° C-1.

room temperature is 270C ? Temperature coefficient of resistance of
IV. Case Study: 2x4=8
29. The term electric flux implies some kind of flow. Flux is the property of
any vector field. Electric flux is ting bet property of Electric field. It is equal
to the product of the given area and the normal component of t ne another
electric field through it. Gauss's theorem gives a relationship between the
total flux ϕ E passing through any closed surface S and the charge q enclosed
within the surface. It states that the total flux through a closed surface is 1/
ε 0, times the net charge enclosed by the surface.

Gauss's theorem is quite useful in calculating the electric field in problems

where it is possible to choose a closed surface such that the electric field E
has a normal component which is either zero or has a single fixed value at
every point on the surface. Symmetry considerations in many problems
make the application of Gauss's theorem much easier. The closed surface
we choose (having symmetry consideration in view) to solve a given
problem is called Gaussian surface Gauss's theorem is based on inverse
square dependence on distance contained in Coulomb's law. Any violation
of Gauss's theorem will reflect a deviation from the inverse square law.
Question:
(i). What is the SI unit of electric flux?

(ii). If ∮ ⃗E . ⃗
ds = 0, inside a surface, that means there is

(a) no net charge present inside the surface

(b) uniform electric field inside the surface

(c) discontinuous field lines inside the surface

(d) some charge present inside the surface

(iii). For a given surface the Gauss's law is stated as ∫⃗E . ⃗

ds = 0. From this we
can conclude that

(a) E is necessarily zero on the surface

(b) E is perpendicular to the surface at every point

(c) the total flux through the surface is zero

(d) the flux is only going out of the surface

(iv) The electric flux for Gaussian surface A that encloses the charged
particles in free space is

a. c.

b. d.

(v) Charge q is first kept in a sphere of radius 5 cm and then it is kept in a

cube of side 5 cm. The outgoing f

(a) will be more in case of sphere

(b) will be more in case of cube

(c) will be same in both cases

(d) cannot be determined

Ans:

30. Electrons move more easily through some conductors than others when
a potential difference is applied. The opposition of a conductor to current is
called its resistance. Collisions are the basic cause of collision. When a p.d.
is applied across the ends of a conductor, its free electrons get accelerated.
On their way, they frequently collide with the positive metal ions, ie., their
motion is opposed and this opposition to the flow of electrons is called
resistance. The number of collisions that the electrons make with
atoms/ions depends on the arrangement of atoms or ions in a conductor. So
the resistance depends on the nature of the material of the conductor. A
long wire offers more resistance than short wire because there will be more
collisions in the long wire. A thick wire offers less resistance than a thin wire
because in a thick wire, more area of cross-section is available for the flow
of electrons. The resistance of metals increases when their temperature
increases. Certain alloys such as constantan and manganin show very small
changes of resistance with temperature and are used to make standard
resistors. The resistance of semiconductors and insulators decreases as
their temperature increases.
QUESTIONS :
1. The resistance of a conductor is
(a) inversely proportional to the length
(b) directly proportional to the square of the radius
(c) inversely proportional to the square of the radius
(d) directly proportional to the square root of the length

resistance of the material is 3 x 10-7 Ωm, then the resistance between two
2. The dimensions of a block are 1cm X 1cm X100cm If the specific

(a) 3 X 10 -9 Ω
opposite rectangular bases is

(b) 3 X 10 -7 Ω
(c) 3 X 10-5Ω
(d) 3 X 10 -1Ω
3. Two wires of the same material have lengths l and 2l and areas of cross-
section 4A and A respectively. The ratio of their specific resistances would
be
(a) 1:2
(b) 8:1
(c) 1:8
(d) 1:1
4. A wire of resistance R is stretched to twice of its original length. Its new
resistance will be
R R
a) 4 R b) 9 c) 3 R d) 3
5. From the graph between current I and voltage V, identify the portion
corresponding to the negative resistance

a) AB b) BC c) CD d) DE
Ans:
V. Long Answer: 3x5 = 15
31. Two thin concentric and coplanar sphe- rical shells, of radii a and b (b >
a) carry charges, q and Q, respectively. Find the magnitude of the electric

(ii) a ≤ x < b (iii) b ≤ x < ∞

field, at a point distant x, from their common centre for
(i) 0 < x < a
32. Derive an expression for the potential at a point along the axial line of a
short dipole.
Ans:Electric potential at an axial point of a dipole. As shown in Fig.
2.4, consider an electric dipole consisting 1 of two point charges -9 and + q
and separated by distance 2a. Let Pbe a point on the axis of the dipole at a
distance r from its centre O.

33. Find the effective resistance of the network shown in Fig. 3.41 between
the points A and B when (i) switch S is open (ii) switch S is closed.