1. What is power sharing and why is it important in a democracy?
2. Explain the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies with examples.
3. Discuss the power-sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
4. How did the power-sharing arrangement in Belgium help to reduce tension between different ethnic groups?
5. What lessons can India learn from the power-sharing model of Belgium?
6. What are the challenges to power sharing in a multicultural society like India?
### Federalism
1. Define federalism. How is it different from a unitary form of government?
2. Discuss the key features of a federal government with examples.
3. How does the Indian federal system work? Discuss the division of powers between the central and state governments.
4. What are the challenges to Indian federalism?
5. Explain the role of the judiciary in maintaining federal balance in India.
6. How has the linguistic reorganization of states strengthened federalism in India?
### Gender, Religion, and Caste
1. How does gender inequality manifest in Indian society?
2. Discuss the role of religion in Indian politics.
3. How does caste impact politics and society in India?
4. What steps have been taken by the Indian government to promote gender equality?
5. Explain how caste-based discrimination can be addressed through social reforms and government policies. 6. Discuss the intersectionality of gender, religion, and caste in the context of social justice in India.
### The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. What were the causes of the rise of nationalism in Europe in the 19 th century?
2. Discuss the role of the French Revolution in promoting the ideas of nationalism.
3. How did the unification of Italy and Germany influence the nationalist movements in Europe?
4. Explain the role of culture in shaping European nationalism.
5. What was the impact of the Treaty of Vienna (1815) on the nationalist movements in Europe?
6. How did the rise of nationalism in Europe lead to the spread of colonialism?
### Nationalism in India
1. Discuss the factors that led to the rise of nationalism in India.
2. Explain the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian nationalist movement.
3. What was the significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
4. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement contribute to the Indian freedom struggle?
5. What was the impact of World War I on the Indian nationalist movement?
6. Discuss the role of women in the Indian nationalist movement.
### The Making of a Global World
1. Discuss the different phases of globalization and their impact on world history.
2. How did the Silk Route contribute to the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas between different regions of the world?
3. What was the impact of colonization on the economies of colonized countries?
4. Explain the role of technology in the process of globalization.
5. How did World Wars I and II affect global trade and economy?
6. Discuss the impact of globalization on India’s economy.
### Resources and Development
1. What are resources? Explain the different types of resources with examples.
2. How does resource planning play a crucial role in sustainable development?
3. Discuss the need for conservation of resources in India.
4. What are the various methods of resource conservation?
5. Explain the role of community participation in resource management.
6. How can sustainable development be achieved through resource management?
### Forest and Wildlife Resources
1. Discuss the importance of forests and wildlife for the environment.
2. What are the major threats to forest and wildlife resources in India?
3. Explain the concept of biodiversity and its significance.
4. What steps have been taken by the Indian government to conserve forests and wildlife?
5. Discuss the role of communities in forest conservation.
6. How can deforestation be controlled and reversed?
### Water Resources
1. What are the major sources of water in India?
2. Discuss the problems associated with water scarcity and its impact on agriculture.
3. Explain the concept of watershed management and its benefits.
4. How does rainwater harvesting contribute to water conservation?
5. What are the challenges in the management of water resources in India?
6. Discuss the role of the government in ensuring equitable distribution of water resources. ### Agriculture
1. What are the different types of farming practiced in India? Explain each with examples.
2. Discuss the significance of agriculture in the Indian economy.
3. What are the major challenges faced by Indian agriculture today?
4. Explain the role of technology in modernizing Indian agriculture.
5. How does the government support agriculture through policies and subsidies?
6. What are the environmental impacts of modern agricultural practices?
### Mineral and Energy Resources
1. What are mineral resources? Explain the types of minerals with examples.
2. Discuss the distribution of major mineral resources in India.
3. What is the significance of energy resources in the development of a country?
4. Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
5. What are the challenges associated with the sustainable use of mineral resources?
6. How can India achieve energy security through the use of renewable energy resources?
### Sectors of the Indian Economy
1. Define the three sectors of the Indian economy: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
2. Discuss the contribution of each sector to the Indian GDP.
3. How does the employment pattern differ across the three sectors in India?
4. Explain the role of the service sector in the growth of the Indian economy.
5. What are the challenges faced by the manufacturing sector in India?
6. Discuss the measures taken by the government to promote balanced growth across all sectors. ### Money and Credit
1. What is the role of money in an economy? Explain its functions.
2. Discuss the different types of money used in modern economies.
3. What is credit? Explain the role of banks in providing credit.
4. How does credit play a crucial role in economic development?
5. What are the problems associated with informal sources of credit?
6. Discuss the impact of microfinance on rural development in India.
### Power Sharing
1. Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical power sharing with examples.
2. How does power sharing contribute to political stability in a country?
3. Compare the power-sharing mechanisms in India and the United States.
4. What are the potential risks of not adopting a power-sharing model in a diverse society?
5. How does power sharing prevent the tyranny of the majority?
6. Discuss the role of power-sharing in conflict resolution.
### Federalism
1. How does Indian federalism differ from American federalism?
2. Discuss the role of the Finance Commission in Indian federalism.
3. What is the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in strengthening federalism in India?
4. How do special provisions for certain states in India affect federalism?
5. Explain the concept of cooperative federalism with examples from India.
6. Discuss the role of the Inter-State Council in promoting federal cooperation.
### Gender, Religion, and Caste
1. How do social and religious reforms contribute to gender equality in India?
2. Discuss the impact of patriarchy on gender relations in Indian society.
3. How has the Indian Constitution addressed the issue of caste-based discrimination?
4. What role do religious institutions play in perpetuating or challenging social hierarchies
in India?
5. Explain how caste identities influence electoral politics in India.
6. Discuss the challenges faced by women in rural areas compared to urban areas in India.
### The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. Explain the role of the Congress of Vienna (1815) in shaping post-Napoleonic Europe.
2. How did romanticism contribute to the rise of nationalism in Europe?
3. Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on nationalist movements in Europe.
4. Explain the significance of the Revolution of 1848 in Europe in the context of nationalism.
5. How did the decline of the Ottoman Empire affect nationalist movements in the Balkans?
6. Discuss the role of intellectuals and writers in promoting nationalism in 19 th-century
Europe.
### Nationalism in India
1. How did the partition of Bengal contribute to the rise of nationalism in India?
2. Discuss the significance of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements in the Indian independence struggle.
3. Explain the role of revolutionary activities in the Indian nationalist movement.
4. What was the impact of the Simon Commission on Indian nationalism?
5. How did the Quit India Movement accelerate India’s path to independence?
6. Discuss the role of Indian National Congress sessions in shaping the nationalist agenda. ### The Making of a Global World
1. How did the expansion of European empires contribute to the globalization process?
2. Discuss the impact of the Great Depression on global trade and economies.
3. How did the Bretton Woods Conference shape the post-World War II global economic order?
4. Explain the role of multinational corporations in the modern globalized economy.
5. How did the Cold War influence the global distribution of economic power?
6. Discuss the impact of globalization on cultural diversity around the world.
### Resources and Development
1. How do human activities contribute to the depletion of natural resources?
2. Discuss the significance of sustainable development in the context of resource
management.
3. What role does the government play in the equitable distribution of resources?
4. Explain the concept of carrying capacity and its relevance to resource management.
5. How does population growth impact resource consumption and availability?
6. Discuss the importance of renewable resources in achieving sustainable development.
### Forest and Wildlife Resources
1. What is the importance of indigenous knowledge in forest conservation?
2. Discuss the role of Joint Forest Management (JFM) in India.
3. How does wildlife conservation contribute to ecological balance?
4. Explain the impact of climate change on forest and wildlife resources.
5. What are the benefits of establishing wildlife sanctuaries and national parks?
6. Discuss the role of NGOs in forest and wildlife conservation.
### Water Resources
1. How does the over-extraction of groundwater affect the water table?
2. Discuss the impact of dams on river ecosystems and local communities.
3. Explain the significance of the National Water Policy in managing water resources in India.
4. How does urbanization contribute to the water crisis in Indian cities?
5. What are the challenges in managing transboundary water resources in South Asia?
6. Discuss the role of community-based water management practices in India.
### Agriculture
1. How does climate change impact agricultural productivity in India?
2. Discuss the significance of crop diversification in Indian agriculture.
3. Explain the impact of the Green Revolution on Indian agriculture and its limitations.
4. What are the benefits and challenges of organic farming in India?
5. Discuss the role of agricultural marketing in improving farmers’ income.
6. How do government policies like Minimum Support Price (MSP) influence agricultural production?
### Mineral and Energy Resources
1. Discuss the environmental impact of mining activities in India.
2. How does India’s energy mix contribute to energy security?
3. Explain the significance of the National Mineral Policy in the sustainable development of mineral resources.
4. Discuss the potential of solar and wind energy in meeting India’s energy needs.
5. How does energy efficiency contribute to the conservation of energy resources?
6. What are the challenges faced by India in transitioning to renewable energy sources? ### Sectors of the Indian Economy
1. How does the informal sector contribute to the Indian economy?
2. Discuss the role of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in India’s economic development.
3. Explain the significance of the tertiary sector in a developing economy like India.
4. How has globalization affected the different sectors of the Indian economy?
5. What are the challenges faced by the primary sector in India in terms of productivity and sustainability?
6. Discuss the impact of technological advancements on the growth of the secondary
sector in India.
### Money and Credit
1. Explain the role of the Reserve Bank of India in regulating the money supply and credit in the economy.
2. Discuss the impact of demonetization on money and credit systems in India.
3. How do interest rates influence borrowing and lending in the economy?
4. Explain the concept of financial inclusion and its importance in economic development.
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital payments in the Indian economy?
6. Discuss the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in providing credit to rural communities.
### Power Sharing
1. How does power sharing reduce the possibility of conflict in diverse societies?
2. Explain the concept of consociational democracy with examples.
3. How does power sharing promote the principles of democracy and participation?
4. Discuss the role of decentralization in enhancing power sharing.
5. How does the distribution of power among different organs of government (executive, legislature, judiciary) ensure checks and balances? 6. Compare the power-sharing models in Belgium, Sri Lanka, and India. What are the key similarities and differences?
### Federalism
1. How does the system of Panchayati Raj in India contribute to federalism?
2. What is asymmetric federalism? Give examples from the Indian context.
3. Discuss the role of the States Reorganisation Commission in the formation of Indian states.
4. How does the federal structure of India accommodate the diversity of its population?
5. Explain how financial devolution to states strengthens federalism in India.
6. Discuss the role of interstate water disputes in testing the federal nature of the Indian polity.
### Gender, Religion, and Caste
1. How does the intersection of gender, caste, and religion affect the social status of individuals in India?
2. Discuss the impact of reservation policies on caste inequalities in India.
3. How does gender discrimination affect access to education and employment
opportunities?
4. Explain the role of religious reform movements in addressing gender and caste inequalities.
5. How has the representation of women and marginalized castes in Indian politics evolved over time?
6. What are the implications of religious and caste-based identities in electoral politics?
### The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. How did the Napoleonic Code contribute to the spread of nationalism in Europe? 2. Discuss the role of national languages and folk traditions in fostering a sense of national identity in Europe.
3. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of the working-class movement and its link to nationalism?
4. Explain the role of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) in the unification of Germany.
5. How did the Balkan Wars contribute to the rise of nationalism and the eventual outbreak of World War I?
6. Discuss the impact of nationalist movements in Eastern Europe during the 19th century.
### Nationalism in India
1. How did the Home Rule Movement contribute to the rise of nationalism in India?
2. Explain the role of Indian press and literature in the nationalist movement.
3. Discuss the impact of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on the Indian freedom struggle.
4. How did the Indian National Army (INA) contribute to the nationalist movement?
5. Discuss the significance of the Poona Pact in the context of Dalit rights and the nationalist movement.
6. Explain the role of the Ghadar Party in the Indian independence struggle.
### The Making of a Global World
1. How did the Columbian Exchange affect the economies and societies of Europe and the Americas?
2. Discuss the impact of the slave trade on Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
3. How did the Opium Wars influence trade relations between China and the West?
4. Explain the role of the Suez Canal in global trade.
5. Discuss the significance of the Great Depression on the economies of the colonial world.
6. How did the Marshall Plan contribute to the post-World War II global economic recovery? ### Resources and Development
1. How does the concept of sustainable development address the conflicts between economic growth and environmental conservation?
2. Discuss the significance of resource recycling in sustainable development.
3. How does the overuse of non-renewable resources lead to environmental degradation?
4. Explain the importance of human resources in the development process.
5. Discuss the role of international cooperation in the management of global resources.
6. How do indigenous practices contribute to sustainable resource management?
### Forest and Wildlife Resources
1. How do monoculture plantations affect biodiversity?
2. Discuss the role of eco-tourism in forest and wildlife conservation.
3. How does the Forest Rights Act, 2006, empower forest-dwelling communities in India?
4. Explain the impact of habitat fragmentation on wildlife populations.
5. Discuss the significance of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, in conserving India’s wildlife.
6. How does climate change impact forest ecosystems?
### Water Resources
1. Discuss the role of interlinking rivers in addressing water scarcity in India.
2. How does the construction of large dams affect local communities and the environment?
3. Explain the concept of virtual water trade and its implications for water resource management.
4. How does agricultural water use contribute to groundwater depletion in India?
5. Discuss the impact of climate change on water resources in India.
6. How can the problem of waterlogging in agricultural areas be managed?
### Agriculture
1. How do government schemes like PM-KISAN and Kisan Credit Card support farmers in India?
2. Discuss the challenges of ensuring food security in India.
3. How does contract farming influence the agricultural sector in India?
4. Explain the role of cooperatives in improving agricultural productivity and farmer income.
5. What are the impacts of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on soil health?
6. Discuss the significance of agroforestry in sustainable agriculture.
### Mineral and Energy Resources
1. How does the extraction of mineral resources affect the local environment and communities?
2. Discuss the significance of strategic minerals for a country’s defense and technological sectors.
3. Explain the role of the public and private sectors in the exploration and development of mineral resources in India.
4. How can India balance its energy needs with environmental sustainability?
5. Discuss the challenges of transitioning to a low-carbon energy economy.
6. How do international energy markets influence the prices of energy resources in India?
### Sectors of the Indian Economy
1. How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the different sectors of the Indian economy?
2. Discuss the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the growth of the Indian economy.
3. How do government policies like "Make in India" influence the secondary sector?
4. Explain the concept of "gig economy" and its impact on employment patterns in India. 5. Discuss the challenges and opportunities for India in the global service industry.
6. How does the informal sector contribute to the overall economic growth of India?
### Money and Credit
1. How do banks manage risks associated with lending?
2. Discuss the impact of credit availability on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India.
3. How does the credit rating of a country affect its economy?
4. Explain the role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in providing credit.
5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using credit cards as a source of credit.
6. How does the shadow banking system operate, and what are its implications for the formal banking sector?
