XII_Physics_ass

MODERN SCHOOL
Physics Assignment Class-XII (2021-2022)
UNIT-1 ELECTROSTATICS
MCQS
1. The concept of the lines of force in the study of electric field was introduced by______
(a) Edison
(b) Faraday
(c) Kirchhoff
(d) Fleming
2. Two charges q1 and q2 are kept at a certain distance in air. If a metal plate is placed
between them, the force between them_____
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) does not change
(d) will be zero
3. 8 equally charged drops are combined to form a big drop. If the potential on each drop is
10 V, then the potential of the big drop will be__________
(a) 40 V
(b) 30 V
(c) 25 V
(d) 20 V
4. The SI unit of surface integral of electric field is________
(a) V
(b) NIC
(c) V m
(d) C/m2
5. The negative electric flux indicates that the net flux through the surface is_____
(a) outward
(b) inward
(c) may be outward or inward
(d) neither outward not inward
6. Two charges q1 and q2 are kept at a certain distance in air. If a dielectric (glass slab) is
introduced between them, the force between the charges will_________
(a) increase
(b) decrease
(c) remain unchanged
(d) be doubled
7. Which is the correct relation?
(a) Charge = Potential/ Capacity
(b) Capacity = Potential x Charge
(c) Potential = Charge/ Capacity
(d) Potential = Capacity x Charge
8. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging battery is then disconnected. If the
plates of the capacitor are now moved apart by means of insulated handles_________
(a) the charge on the capacitor increases
(b) the voltage across the plates decreases
(c) the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor increases
(d) the capacitance increases
9. If we decrease the distance between the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor, then its
capacitance will_______
(a) decrease
(b) increase
(c) remains the same
(d) first increases and then decreases
10. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging battery is disconnected. Then a
dielectric slab is introduced between the plates. The quantity that remains unchanged
is________
(a) potential
(b) capacity
(c)energy
(d) charge
11. The dielectric constant of metals is________
(a) one
(b) zero
(c)infinity
(d) greater than one
12. If we measure the intensity of the electric field (E) at various points between the surface
and the center of a uniformly charged spherical conductor we find that the intensity of
electric field_________
(a) goes on increasing
(b) goes on decreasing
(c) is zero at all points
(d) remains the same at all points
13. If a unit charge is taken from one point to another point over an equipotential surface,
then___________
(a) work is done on the charge
(b) work is done by the charge
(c)work done on the charge is constant
(d) no work is done
14. An electric charge produces an electric intensity of 500 N/C, at a point in air. If the air
is replaced by a medium of dielectric constant 2.5, then the intensity of the electric field due
to the same charge at the same point will be________
(a) 100 N/C
(b) 150 N/C
(c) 200 N/C
(d) 300 N/C
15. The electric potential at the surface of an atomic nucleus having z = 50 and radius = 9.0
x 10-¹³ cm is________
(a) 80volt
(b) 9volt
(c) 8 x 10⁶ volt
(d) 9 x 10⁶ volt
16. The separation between the plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor is doubled by
keeping the charge constant. In this case___________
(a) potential difference is halved
(b) the capacitance is doubled
(c) the p.d between the plates is doubled
(d) the capacitance is halved but the energy of the capacitor is not changed
17. A parallel plate air capacitor has a capacity of 2 pF. If the separation between its plates
is doubled and a mica sheet is introduced between its plates, its capacity becomes 6 pF.
What is the dielectric constant of mica ?
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 3
18. The work done in placing a charge of 8 uC on a condenser of capacity 100 nF
is________
(a) 16 x 10-⁵ J
(b) 32 x 10-⁶ J
(c) 3.2 x 10-⁴ J
(d) 16 x 10-⁴ J
19. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends upon_________
(a) thickness of the plate
(b) mass of the plate
(c) density of the plate
(d) area of the plate
20. The main function of a capacitor is to_________
(a) block the flow of current
(b) help the flow of current
(c) dissipate heat
(d) store the energy
21. In which of the following cases the electric field strength is independent of distance?
(a) Due to a point charge
(b) Due to a line charge
(c) Due to a spherical charge
(d) Due to infinite flat sheet of charge
22. A hemispherical surface of radius R is placed with its cross-section perpendicular to a

uniform electric field as shown in figure. The electric flux through the surface is
(a) 𝜋R2E
(b) 2𝜋R2E
(c) 4𝜋R2E
(d) Zero
23. A small metal ball is suspended in a uniform electric field with the help of an insulated
thread if high energy X-ray beam falls on the ball, it will
(a) be deflected in the direction of field
(b) be deflected opposite to direction of field
(c) not deflect at all
(d) fly to infinity
24. Force between two identical charges placed at a distance r in vacuum is F now a slab of
dielectric of dielectric constant 4 is inserted between these two charges .If the thickness
𝑟
of the slab is 2 then the force between the charges will become .
(a) F
𝐹
(b) 4
𝐹
(c) 2
4
(d) 𝐹
9
25. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero then we can infer
(a) No net change is en closed by the surface.
(b) Uniform electric field exists within the surface
(c) Electric potential varies from point to point inside the surface
(d) charge is present inside the surface
26. An electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field can experience
(a) a force but not a torque
(b) a torque but not a force.
(c) always a force and a torque
(d) neither a force nor a torque.
27. A point charge is situated at an axial point of a small electric dipole at a large distance at
from it. the charge experiences a force F If the distance of the charge is doubled the force
acting on the charge will become
(a) 2F (b) F/2 (c) F/4 (d) F/8
28. An electric dipole consisting of charge +q and –q separated by a distance r , is kept

symmetrically at the center of an imaginary sphere of radius R (>r) , another point charge
Q is also kept is also kept at the center of the sphere . The net electric flux coming out of
the sphere will be
−(2𝑞+𝑄) 𝑄 2𝑞+𝑄 −𝑄
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4𝑟𝑒0 𝐸0 𝐸0 𝐸0
29. Two large conduction spheres carrying charges Q and Q are kept with their centers r
distance apart the magnitude of electrostatic between them is not exactly
1 𝑄1 𝑄2
Because
4𝜋𝐸2 𝑟2
a) These are not point charges.
b) Charges distribution on the spheres is not uniform
c) Charges on spheres will shift towards the centers of their respective spheres.
d) Charges will shift towards the portions of the spheres which are closer and facing
towards each other.
30. The electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface depends upon
a) net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium
b) net charge enclosed, permittivity of the medium and the size of the Gaussian surface
c) net charge enclosed only
d) permittivity of the medium only
31. An electric charge of 10-3 𝜇𝐶 is placed at the origin (0,0 ) of XY coordinate system .two
points A and B are situated at (√2, √2 ) and (2 ,0 ) respectively the potential difference
between the points A and B will be .
(a) zero (b) 2 V (c) 4.5 V (d) 9V
32. Two identical metallic plates are given positive charges Q1 and Q2 (Q2 < Q1) if these
plates are together to form a parallel plate capacitor then potential difference between
them will be.
𝑄1+𝑄2 Q 1+Q2 𝑄1−𝑄2 Q1−Q2

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2𝑐 C C 2𝐶
33. Each of two identical capacitors has capacitance C, one of them is charged to a potential
V1 and the other to a potential V2 the negative terminals of capacitors are connected
together when their positive terminals are also connected together then energy loss of
whole system is
1 1 1 1
(a) C(V12- V22) (b) 4 C(V12+ V22) (C) 4 C(V2- V2)2 (d) 4
4
C(V1+ V2)2
34. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates connected
alternatively if the capacitance between any two adjacent plates is “C” then the resultant
capacitance is.
(a) (n+1) C (b) (n-1) C (c) n C (d) C
35. Two spherical conductors A and B of radii 1mm and 2 mm are separated by a distance of
5 cm and are uniformly charged. If the spheres ate connected by a conducting wire, then
in equilibrium condition the ratio of the magnitudes of the electric fields at the surfaces of
spheres A and B is:
(a) 4:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:4
36. An electric dipole consisting of charge +q and –q separated by a distance L is in stable

equilibrium in a uniform electric field E. The electrostatic potential energy of the dipole
is
(a) qLE (b) zero (c) –qLE (d) -2qEL
37. The capacitors of capacitance C1 and C2 are connected in parallel If a charge Q is given
to the combination the ratio of the charge on the capacitor C1 to the charge on C2 will be
.
𝐶 𝑐 𝑐 𝐶2
(a) 𝐶1 b) √𝑐1 c) √𝑐2 d)
2 2 1 𝐶1
38. A charge Q is kept at the center of a circle of radius r A test charge q0, is carried from a
point X to the point Y on this circle such that are XY subtends an angle of 600 at the
center of the circle the amount s of work done in this process will be .
1 𝑄𝑞0 1 √3 𝑄𝑞0 1 √3 𝑄𝑞0

(a) 4𝜋∈ b) 4𝜋∈ c) Zero d) 4𝜋∈
0 2𝑟 0 2𝑟 0 𝑟
39. A parallel plate capacitor is charged to V volt by a battery. The battery is disconnected
and the separation between the plates is halved the new potential difference across the
capacitor will be
𝑣 𝑉
(a) 2 b) v c) 2v d) 4
40. A charge Q is uniformly distributed over the surface of a spherical shell of radius R , the
work done in bringing a test charge Q0 from its center to its surface is .
1 𝑄𝑄0 1 𝑄𝑄0 𝑄𝑄2

(a) 4𝜋∈ b) 4𝜋∈ c) ∈ d) Zero
0 𝑅 0 2𝑅 0𝑅
CASE BASED QUESTIONS:
CASE 1
The electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever be the size and shape of the cavity and
whatever be the charge on the conductor and the external fields in which it might be
placed. The electric field inside a charged spherical shell is zero. But the vanishing of
electric field in the (charge free) cavity of a conductor is, as mentioned above, a very
general result. A related result is that even if the conductor is charged or charges are
induced on a neutral conductor by an external field, all charges reside only on the outer
surface of a conductor with cavity.
The proofs of the results noted in Fig. are omitted here, but we note their important
implication. Whatever be the charge and field configuration outside, any cavity in a
conductor remains shielded from outside electric influence: the field inside the cavity is
always zero. This is known as electrostatic shielding. The effect can be made use of in
protecting sensitive instruments from outside electrical influence.
(1) A metallic shell having inner radius R1 and outer radii R2 has a point charge Q kept
inside cavity. Electric field in the region R1 < r < R2 where r is the distance from the
center is given by
(a) depends on the value of r
(b) Zero
(c) Constant and nonzero everywhere
(d) None of the above
(2) The electric field inside the cavity is depend on
(a) Size of the cavity
(b) Shape of the cavity
(c) Charge on the conductor
(d) None of the above
(3) Electrostatic shielding is based
(a) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is less than zero
(b) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is zero
(c) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is greater than zero
(d) electric field inside the cavity of a plastic is zero
(4) During the lightning thunderstorm, it is advised to stay
(a) inside the car
(b) under trees
(c) in the open ground
(d) on the car
(5) Which of the following material can be used to make a Faraday cage (based on
electrostatic shielding)
(a) Plastic
(b) Glass
(c) Copper
(d) Wood
CASE 2
When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the rod acquires one kind of charge and the silk
acquires the second kind of charge. This is true for any pair of objects that are rubbed to
be electrified. Now if the electrified glass rod is brought in contact with silk, with which it
was rubbed, they no longer attract each other. They also do not attract or repel other light
objects as they did on being electrified. Thus, the charges acquired after rubbing are lost
when the charged bodies are brought in contact. What can you conclude from these
observations? It just tells us that unlike charges acquired by the objects neutralise or
nullify each other’s effect. Therefore, the charges were named as positive and negative by
the American scientist Benjamin Franklin. We know that when we add a positive number
to a negative number of the same magnitude, the sum is zero. This might have been the
philosophy in naming the charges as positive and negative. By convention, the charge on
glass rod or cat’s fur is called positive and that on plastic rod or silk is termed negative. If
an object possesses an electric charge, it is said to be electrified or charged. When it has no
charge it is said to be electrically neutral.
(1) When you charge a balloon by rubbing it on your hair this is an example of what method
of charging?
(a)Friction (b)Conduction (c)Grounding (d)Induction
(2) Neutral atoms contain equal numbers of positive __ and negative __.
(a)Electrons and Protons (b)Protons and Electrons
(c)Neutrons and Electrons (d)Protons and
Neutrons
(3) Which particle in an atom can you physically
manipulate?
(a)protons (b)electrons
(c)neutrons (d)you can't manipulate any
particle in an atom
(4) If a negatively charged rod touches a
conductor, the conductor will be charged by
what method?
(a) Friction (b)Conduction (c)Induction (d)Convection
(5) A negatively charged rod is touched to the top of an electroscope, which one is correct in
the given figure

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Case 3 - Read the following source and answer any four out of the following
questions:
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force
when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of charges positive and
negative charges. Also, like charges repel each other whereas unlike charges attract each
other.
1. Charge on a body which carries 200 excess electrons is:

1. -3.2 ×× 10-18 C
2. 3.2 ×× 10 18 C
3. -3.2 ×× 10-17 C
4. 3.2 ×× 10 -17 C
2. Charge on a body which carries 10 excess electrons is:
1. -1.6 ×× 10-18 C
2. 1.6 ×× 10 -18 C
3. 2.6 ×× 10-18 C
4. 1.6 ×× 10-21 C
3. Mass of electron is:
1. 9.1 ×× 10-31 kg
2. 9.1 ×× 10-31 g
3. 1.6 ×× 10-19 kg
4. 1.6 ×× 10-19 g
4. A body is positively charged, it implies that:
1. there is only a positive charge in the body
2. there is positive as well as negative charge in the body but the positive charge
is more than negative charge
3. there is equally positive and negative charge in the body but the positive
charge lies in the outer regions
4. the negative charge is displaced from its position
5. On rubbing, when one body gets positively charged and other negatively
charged, the electrons transferred from positively charged body to negatively
charged body are:
1. valence electrons only
2. electrons of inner shells
3. both valence electrons and electrons of the inner shell.
4. none of the above
Case 4 - Read the following source and answer any four out of the following
questions:
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical
circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms. Also, Resistivity, the electrical resistance of a
conductor of unit cross-sectional area, and unit length. … A characteristic property of
each material, resistivity is useful in comparing various materials on the basis of their
ability to conduct electric currents.
1. Resistivity is independent of:

1. nature of material
2. temperature
3. dimensions of material
2. As compare to short wires, long wires have _______ resistance.
1. more
2. less
3. same
4. zero
3. As compare to thin wires, thick wires have _______ resistance.
1. more
2. less
3. same
4. zero
4. The resistance of a wire depends upon:
1. cross-sectional area
2. length of wire
3. wire’s nature
4. all of the above
5. A copper wire having the same size as steel wire have:
1. more resistance
2. same resistance
4. less resistance
Case 5 - Read carefully and give answers of ANY FOUR questions –
Whenever magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit changes, an e m f is

induced in lasts only so long as the change in the flux is taking place.
The magnitude of induced e m f is equal to the rate of change of magnetic
flux linked with the closed circuit.
.1- Magnetic flux is vector / scalar quantity.
.2-Define emf.
.3-Whatis the cause of e m f.
4- S.I unit of e m f is volt TRUE /FALSE.
5- The magnetic flux has NO SI unit. TRUE/ FALSE
Case 6- Quantization of Electric Charge Smallest charge that can exist in nature is
the charge of an electron. During friction it is only the transfer of electron which
makes the body charged. Hence net charge on anybody is an integral multiple of
charge of an electron
[1.6 x 10-19 "C]i.e.

Q = + ne
where n= 1, 2, 3, 4, ....
3
Hence nobody can have a charge represented as 1.1e, 2.7e, e, etc.
5
Recently, it has been discovered that elementary particles such as protons or
neutrons are composed of elemental units called quarks. '
i) Which of the following properties is not satisfied by an electric charge?
(a) Total charge conservation.
(b) Quantization of charge.
(c) Two types of charge.
(d) Circular line of force.
(ii) Which one of the following charges is possible?
(a) 5.8 x 10-18C
(b) 3.2 x 10-18C
(c) 4.5 x 10-19C
(d) 8.6 x 10-19C
(iii) If a charge on a body is 1 nC, then how many electrons are present on the
body?
(a) 6,25 x 1027
(b) 1.6 x 1019
(C) 6.25 x 1028
(d) 6.25 x 109
(iv) If a body gives out 109 electrons every second, how much time is required to
get a total charge of 1 C from it?
(a) 190.19 years
(b) 150.12 years
(c) 198.19 years
(d) 188.21 years
(v) A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3.2 x
10-7 C. Calculate the number of electrons transferred
(a) 2x1012
(b) 3 x 1012
(c) 2 x 1014
(d) 3 x 1014
Case 7. Millikan's Oil-drop Experiment In 1909, Robert Millikan was the first to
find the charge of an electron in his now-famous oil-drop experiment. In that
experiment, tiny oil drops were sprayed into a uniform electric field between a
horizontal pair of oppositely charged plates. The drops were observed with a
magnifying eyepiece, and the electric field was adjusted so that the upward force
on some negatively charged oil drops was just sufficient to balance the downward
force of gravity. That is, when suspended, upward force qE just equaled Mg.
Millikan accurately measured the charges on many oil drops and found the values
to be whole number multiples of 1.6 x 10-19C the charge of the electron For this, he
won the Nobel prize.
(i) If a drop of mass 1.08 x 10-14 kg remains stationary in an electric field of 1.68
105NC-1, then the charge of this drop is
(a) 6.40 x 10-19C
(b). 3.2 x 10-190
(c)1.6 x 10-19C
(d) 4.8 x 10-19C
(ii) Extra electrons on this particular oil drop (given the presently known charge of
the electron) are
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 8
(iii) A negatively charged oil drop is prevented from falling under gravity by
applying a vertical electric field 100 V m-1. If the mass of the drop is 1.6 X 10-3 g,
the number of electrons carried by the drop is (g = 10 m s-2)
(a) 1018
(b) 1015
(c) 1012
(d) 109
(iv) The important conclusion given by Millikan's experiment about the charge is
(a) charge is never quantized
(b) charge has no definite value
(c) charge is quantized
(d) charge on oil drop always increases.
(v) If in Millikan's oil drop experiment, charges on drops are found to be
8𝜇𝐶, 20𝜇𝐶,, 12𝜇𝐶, then quanta of charge is
(a) 8𝜇𝐶
(b) 20𝜇C
(c) 12𝜇C
(d) 4𝜇C
Case 8. Relation between Strength of Electric Field and Density of Lines of Force
Electric field strength is proportional to the density of lines of force i.e., electric
field strength at a point is proportional to the number of lines of force cutting a unit
area element placed normal to the field at that point. As illustrated in the given
figure, the electric field at P is stronger that at Q.
(1) Electric lines of force about a positive point charge are
(a) radially outwards
(b) circular clockwise
(c) radially inwards
(d) parallel straight lines.
(ii) Which of the following is false for electric lines of force?
(a) They always start from positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
(b) They are always perpendicular to the surface of a charged conductor.
(c) They always form closed loops.
(d) They are parallel and equally spaced in a region of uniform electric field.
(iii) Which one of the following pattern of electric line of force in not possible in
filed due to stationary charges ?
(iv) Electric lines of force are curved

(a) in the field of a single positive or negative charge
(b) in the field of two equal and opposite charges
(c) in the field of two like charges
(d) both
(b) and (c).
(v) The figure below shows the electric field lines due to two positive charges. The
magnitudes EA, EB and EC of the electric fields at points A, B and C respectively
are related as
(a) EA> EB> EC

(b) EA>EB>EC
(c) EA = EB>EC
(d) EA > EB = EC
Case 9. Torque on a Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field When electric dipole is
placed in uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and opposite
force which cancel each other and hence net force on electric dipole in uniform
electric field is zero. However these forces are not collinear, so they give rise to
some torque on the dipole. Since net force on electric dipole in uniform electric
field is zero, so no work is done in moving the electric dipole in uniform electric
field. However some work is done in rotating the dipole against the torque acting
on it.
(i) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field Ē is 𝑃. Then the
torque 𝜏 acting on the dipole
(ii) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0𝜇C
separated by a distance 2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 10 NC-1
The maximum torque on the dipole is
(a) 0.2 x 10-3Nm
(b) 1 x 10-3Nm
(c) 2 x 10-3Nm
(d) 4x 10-3Nm
(iii) Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field is minimum when is equal to
(a) 0o
(b) 90°
(c) 180°
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(iv) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net
force F and torque t on the dipole are
(a) F= 0, 𝜏 = 0
(b) F≠0, 𝜏 ≠0
(c) F= 0, 𝜏 ≠0
(d) F≠0, 𝜏 =0
(v) An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The
dipole acquires a position such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle with the
direction of the field. Assuming that the potential energy of the dipole to be zero
when 0 = 90°, the torque and the potential energy of the dipole will respectively be
(a) pEsin𝜃, -pEcos𝜃
(b) pEsin𝜃, -2p Ecos𝜃
(c) pEsin𝜃, 2pEcos𝜃
(d) pEcos𝜃, -pEsin𝜃
Case 10. Parallel Sheet of Charge Surface charge density is defined as charge per
𝑑𝑞
unit surface area of surface charge distribution. i.e., = 𝑑𝑠 . Two large, thin metal
plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have
surface charge densities of opposite signs having magnitude of 17.0 x 10 -22 Cm-2 as
𝜎
shown. The intensity of electric field at a point is E = ∈ where ∈o = permittivity of
0
free space.
(i) E in the outer region of the first plate is
(a) 17 x 10-22 N/C
(b) 1.5 x 10-25 N/C
(c) 1.9 x 10-10 N/C
(d) zero
(ii) E in the outer region of the second plate is
(a) 17 x 10-22N/C
(b) 1.5 x 10-15 N/C
(c) 1.9x10-10 N/C
(d) Zero
(iii) E between the plates is
(a) 17 x 10-22N/C
(b) 1.5 x 10-15 N/C
(c) 1.9x10-10 N/C
(d) Zero
(iv) The ratio of E from right side of B at distances 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively is
(a) 1:2
(b) 2:1
(c) 1:1
(d) 1: √2
(v) In order to estimate the electric field due to a thin finite plane metal plate, the
Gaussian surface considered
(a) spherical
(b) cylindrical
(c) straight line
(d) none of these
Case 11. Potential of Two Point Charges The potential at any observation point
Pof a static electric field is defined as the work done by the external agent (or
negative of work done by electrostatic field) in slowly bringing a unit positive
point charge from infinity to the observation point. Figure shows the potential
variation along the line of charges. Two point charges Q1 and Q2 lie along a line at
a distance from each other.
(i) At which of the points 1, 2 and 3 is the electric field is zero?

(a) 1
(b) 2
(C) 3
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(ii) The signs of charges Q1 and Q2 respectively are
(a) positive and negative
(b) negative and positive
(c) positive and positive
(d) negative and negative
(iii) Which of the two charges Q1 and Q2 is greater in magnitude?
(a) Q2
(c) Same
(d) Can't determined
(iv) Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) Electrostatic force is a conservative force.
(b) Potential energy of charge q at a point is the work done per unit charge in
bringing a charge from any
point to infinity.
(c) When two like charges lie infinite distance apart, their potential energy is zero.
(d) Both (a) and (c).
(v) Positive and negative point charges of equal magnitude are kept at
𝑎 −𝑎
(0,0, 2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,0, 2 ) respectively.
The work done by the electric field when another positive point charge is moved
from (-a, 0,0) to (0, a, 0) is
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) depends on the path connecting the initial and final positions.
Case 12. Equipotential Surfaces For the various charge systems, we represent
equipotential surfaces by curves and line of force by full line curves. Between any
two adjacent equipotential surfaces, we assume a constant potential difference the
equipotential surfaces of a single point charge are concentric spherical shells with
their centres at the point charge. As the lines of force point radially outwards, so
they are perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces at all points.
(i) Identify the wrong statement.

(a) Equipotential surface due to a single point charge is spherical.
(b) Equipotential surface can be constructed for dipoles too.
(c) The electric field is normal to the equipotential surface through the point.
(d) The work done to move a test charge on the equipotential surface is positive.
(ii) Nature of equipotential surface for a point charge is
(a) Ellipsoid with charge at foci
(b) Sphere with charge at the centre of the sphere
(c) Sphere with charge on the surface of the sphere
(d) Plane with charge on the surface.
(iii) A spherical equipotential surface is not possible
(a) inside a uniformly charged sphere
(b) for a dipole
(c) inside a spherical condenser
(d) for a point charge
(iv) The work done in carrying a charge q once round a circle of radius a with a
charge Q at its center is
𝑞𝑄
(a) 4𝜋∈
0𝑞
𝑞𝑄
(b) 4𝜋 2
0𝑎
𝑞
(c) 4𝜋
0𝑎
(d) zero
(V) The work done to move a unit charge along an equipotential surface from P to
Q
𝑄
(a) must be defined as-∫𝑃 𝐸⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑
𝑑𝑙
(b) is zero
(c) can have a non-zero value
(d) (a) both (b) and are correct.
Case 13. Spherical Capacitor The electrical capacitance of a conductor is the
measure of its ability to hold electric charge. An isolated spherical conductor of
radius R. The charge Q is unitormly distributed over its entire surface. It can be
assumed to be concentrated at the centre of the sphere. The potential at any point
1 𝑄
on the surface of the spherical conductor will be V= 4𝜋𝐸 𝑅
0
𝑄 𝑄
Capacitance of the spherical conductor situated in vacuum is C=𝑉 = 1 𝑄 or =
4𝜋𝐸0 𝑅
4𝜋𝐸0 𝑅
Clearly, the capacitance of a spherical conductor is proportional to its radius.
1
The radius of the spherical conductor of 1F capacitance is R= 4𝜋𝐸 . Cand this
0
radius is about 1500 times the radius of the earth (6 x 103 km).
(i) If an isolated sphere has a capacitance 50pF. Then radius is
(a) 90 cm
(b) 45 cm
(c) 45 m
(d) 90 m
(ii) How much charge should be placed on a capacitance of 25 pF to raise its
potential to 105 V?
(a) l𝜇c
(b) 1.5𝜇C
(c) 2𝜇𝐶
(d) 2.5 𝜇C
(iii) Dimensions of capacitance is
(a) [ML-2T4A2]
(b) [M-1L-1T3A1]
(C) [M-1L-2T4A2]
(d) [M0L-2T4A1 ]
(iv) Metallic sphere of radius R is charged to potential V. Then charge q is
proportional to
(a) V
(b) R
(c) both V and R
(d) none of these,
Case14. Parallel Plate Capacitor The simplest and the most widely used capacitor
is the parallel plate capacitor. It consists of two large plane parallel conducting
plates, separated by a small distance. In the outer regions above the upper plate and
below the lower plate, the electric fields due to the two charged plates cancel out.
The net field is zero. In the inner region between the two capacitor plates, the
𝜎
electric fields due to the two charged plates add up. The net field is
𝐸0
For a uniform electric field, potential difference between the plates = Electric field
x distance between the plates. Capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor is, the
charge required to supplied to either of the conductors of the capacitor so as to
increase the potential difference between then by unit amount.
(i) A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then isolated. The effect of increasing
the plate separation on charge, potential and capacitance respectively are
(ii) In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacity increases if
(a) area of the plate is decreases
(b) distance between the plates increases
(c) area of the plate is increases
(d) dielectric constant decreases.
(iii) A parallel plate capacitor has two square plates with equal and opposite
charges. The surface charge densities on the plates are +𝜎 and - 𝜎 respectively. In
the region between the plates the magnitude of the electric field is
𝜎 𝜎
(a)2𝐸 b) c) 0 d) none of these
0 ∈0
(iv) If a parallel plate air capacitor consists of two circular plates of diameter 8 cm.
At what distance should the plates be held so as to have the same capacitance as
that of sphere of diameter 20 cm?
(a) 9 mm
(b) 4 mm
(c) 8 mm
(d) 2 mm
(v) If a charge of +2.0 x 10-8C is placed on the positive plate and a charge of
-1.0x10-8 Con the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance
1.2 x 10-3 𝜇F, then the potential difference developed between the plates is
(a) 6.25 V
(b) 3.0 V
(c) 12.5 V
(d) 25 V
Case 15. Dielectric Slab A dielectric slab is a substance which does not allow the
flow of charges through it but permits them to exert electrostatic forces on one
another. When a dielectric slab is placed between the plates, the field E0 polarises
the dielectric. This induces charge-Qp on the upper surface and + Qp on the lower
surface of the dielectric. These induced charges set up a field Ep inside the
dielectric in the opposite direction of ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐸𝑜 as shown.
(i) Ina parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance increases from 4𝜇F to 80𝜇F on
introducing a dielectric medium
between the plates. What is the dielectric constant of the medium?
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 50
(d) 100
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF.
The separation between the plates is now reduced half and the space between them
is filled with a medium of dielectric constant 5. Calculate the value of capacitance
of the capacitor in second case.
(a) 8 PF
(b) 10 pF
(c) 80 PF
(d) 100 pF
(iii) A dielectric introduced between the plates of a parallel plate condenser
(a) decreases the electric field between the plates

(b) increases the capacity of the condenser
(c) increases the charge stored in the condenser
(d) increases the capacity of the condenser
(iv) A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 1 pF has separation between the plates
is d. When the distance of separation becomes 2d and wax of dielectric constant x
is inserted in it the capacitance becomes 2 pF. What is the value of x?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
(v) A parallel plate capacitor having area A and separated by distance d is filled by
copper plate of thickness b. The new capacity is
∈0 𝐴 ∈0 𝐴 ∈0 𝐴 2∈0 𝐴
(a) 𝑏 (b) (c) (d) 𝑏
𝑑+2 2𝑑 𝑑−𝑏 𝑑+2
ASSERTION-REASON
For question numbers 1 to 10, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a),
(b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
1. Assertion (A): The electrostatics force increases with decrease the distance between the
charges.
Reason (R): The electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between any two stationary
point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2. Assertion(A): Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is always normal to the
surface at every point.
Reason(R): Electric field gives the magnitude & direction of electric force (𝐹 ) experienced
by any charge placed at any point
3. Assertion(A): A metal plate is introduced between the plates of a charged parallel plate
capacitor, its capacitance increased.
Reason(R): A metal plate is introduced between the plates of a charged parallel plate
capacitor, the effective separation between the plates is decreased
4. Assertion (A): Sensitive instruments can protect from outside electrical influence by
enclosing them in a hollow conductor.
Reason(R): Potential inside the cavity is zero.
5. Assertion(A): Electrostatic forces are conservative in nature.
Reason(R): Work done by electrostatic force is path dependent
6. Assertion (A): A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper.
Reason(R): Molecules in the paper gets polarized by the charged comb resulting in net force
of attraction
7. Assertion(A): No work is done in moving a test charge from one point to another over an
equipotential surface.
Reason(R): Electric field is always normal to the equipotential surface at every point
8. Assertion(A): Earthing provides a safety measure for electrical circuits and appliances.
Reason(R): When we bring a charged body in contact with the earth, all the excess charge on
the body disappears by causing a momentary current to pass to the ground through the
connecting conductor.
9. Assertion(A): The total amount of charge on a body equal to 4X10-19 C is not possible.
Reason(R): Experimentally it is established that all free charges are integral multiples of a
basic unit of charge denoted by e. Thus, charge q on a body is always given by q = ne
10. Assertion(A) The field intensity in between such sheets having equal and opposite uniform
surface densities of charge become constant.
Reason(R): The field intensity does not depend upon the distance between the thin sheet.
11. Assertion: If the distance between parallel plates of a capacitor is halved and dielectric
constant is three times, then the capacitance becomes 6 times.
Reason: Capacity of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the material.
12. Assertion: A parallel plate capacitor is connected across battery through a key. A dielectric
slab of dielectric constant K is introduced between the plates. The energy which is stored
becomes K times.
Reason: The surface density of charge on the plate remains constant or unchanged.
13. Assertion: The total charge stored in a capacitor is zero.

Reason: The field just outside the capacitor is σ/ε0. (σ is the charge density).
14. Assertion: The electrostatic force between the plates of a charged isolated capacitor decreases
when dielectric fills whole space between plates.
Reason: The electric field between the plates of a charged isolated capacitance increases
when dielectric fills whole space between plates.
15. Assertion: Two concentric charged shells are given. The potential difference between the
shells depends on charge of inner shell.
Reason: Potential due to charge of outer shell remains same at every point inside the sphere.
16. Assertion: In a simple battery circuit, the point of the lowest potential is positive terminal of
the battery.
Reason: The current flows towards the point of the higher potential, as it does in such a
circuit from the negative to the positive terminal.
17. Assertion: A larger dry cell has higher emf.
Reason: The emf of a dry cell is proportional to its size.
18. Assertion: Induced emf will always occur whenever there is change in magnetic flux.
Reason: Current always induces whenever there is change in magnetic flux
19. Assertion: Faraday’s laws are consequence of conservation of energy.
Reason: In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current legs behind the emf in phase.
20. Assertion: Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an induced current in the coil.
Reason: The presence of large magnetic flux through a coil maintain a current in the coil of
the circuit is continuous.
21. Assertion(A): if there exists coulomb attraction between two bodies, bothof them
may not be charged.
Reason®: in coulomb attraction two bodies are oppositely charged.
22. Assertion (A): no two electric lines of force. can intersect each other
Reason®: Tangent at any point of electric line of force gives the direction of
electric field.
23. Assertion (A): Electric force acting on a proton and an electron moving in a
uniform electric field is same, whereas acceleration of election is 1836 times that of
a proton.
Reason®: Electron is lighter than proton.
24. Assertion(A): As force is a vector quantity, hence electric field intensity is also
a vector quantity.
Reason (A): The unit of electric vector field intensity is newton per coulomb.
25. Assertion (A): Sharper is the curvature of spot on a charged body lesser will be
the surface charge density at that point
Reason (R): Electric field is non-zero inside a charged conductor.
26. Assertion (A): Positive charge always moves from a higher potential point to a
lower potential point.
Reason (R): Electric potential is a vector quantity.
27. Assertion (A): The whole charge of a conductor cannot be transferred to another
isolated conductor.
Reason (R): The total transfer of charge from one to another is not possible.
28. Assertion (A): Electric potential of the earth is zero.
Reason (R): The electric field due to the earth is zero.
29. Assertion (A): Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor increases when distance
between the plates is decreased.
Reason (R): Capacitance of capacitor is inversely proportional to distance

between them.
30. Assertion (A): When air between the plates of a parallel plate condenser is
replaced by an insulating medium of dielectric constant its capacity increases.
Reason (R): Electric field intensity between the plates with dielectric in between it
is reduced.

UNIT-2 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
MCQS
1. An electric heater is connected to the voltage supply. After few seconds, current gets its steady
value then its initial current will be
(a) equal to its steady current
(b) slightly higher than its steady current
(c) slightly less than its steady current
(d) zero
2. In the series combination of two or more than two resistances

(a) the current through each resistance is same.
(b) the voltage through each resistance is same.
(c) neither current nor voltage through each resistance is same.
(d) both current and voltage through each resistance are same.
3. Combine three resistors 5 Q, 4.5 Q and 3 Q in such a way that the total resistance of this
combination is maximum
(a) 12.5 Q
(b) 13.5 Q
(c) 14.5 Q
(d) 16.5 Q
4. A cell having an emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable external
resistance R. As the resistance R is increased, the plot of potential difference V across R is given
by
5. In parallel combination of n cells, we obtain

(a) more voltage
(b) more current
(c) less voltage
(d) less current
6. If n cells each of emf e and internal resistance r are connected in parallel, then the total emf
and internal resistance will be
7. In a Wheatstone bridge if the battery and galvanometer are interchanged then the deflection in
galvanometer will
(a) change in previous direction
(b) not change
(c) change in opposite direction
(d) none of these.
8. When a metal conductor connected to left gap of a meter bridge is heated, the balancing point
(a) shifts towards right
(b) shifts towards left
(c) remains unchanged
(d) remains at zero
9. In a potentiometer of 10 wires, the balance point is obtained on the 7th wire. To shift the
balance point to 9th wire, we should
(a) decrease resistance in the main circuit.
(b) increase resistance in the main circuit.
(c) decrease resistance in series with the cell whose emf is to be measured.
(d) increase resistance in series with the cell whose emf is to be determined.
10. AB is a wire of potentiometer with the increase in the value of resistance R, the shift in the
balance point J will be
(a) towards B
(b) towards A
(c) remains constant
(d) first towards B then back towards A.
11. A charge is moving across a junction, then

(a) momentum will be conserved.
(b) momentum will not be conserved.
(c) at some places momentum will be conserved and at some other places momentum will not be
conserved.
(d) none of these.
12. Which of the following I-V graph represents ohmic conductors?

13. The I-V characteristics shown in figure represents
(a) ohmic conductors

(b) non-ohmic conductors
(c) insulators
(d) superconductors
14. Which of the following is correct for V-I graph of a good conductor?
15. The resistivity of alloy manganin is

(a) Nearly independent of temperature
(b) Increases rapidly with increase in temperature
(c) Decreases with increase in temperature
(d) Increases rapidly with decrease in temperature
16. The number of electrons that constitute 1 A of current is:

(a) 6.25 × 1016
(b) 6.25 × 1017
(c) 6.25 × 1018
(d) 6.25 × 1019
17. Suppose H1 is the heat generated per second in the filament of a 100 W, 250 V lamp and
H2 is the heat generated in the filament of a 200 W, 250 V lamp. Then H 1/H2 is equal to:
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 1/2
(d) 1/4
18. Siemen is the unit of:

(a) resistance
(b) conductance
(c) specific conductance
(d) None of these
19. A wire of resistance 3 Ω is cut into three pieces, which are then joined to form a triangle. The
equivalent resistance between any corners of the triangle is :
(a) 2/3 Ω
(b) 3/2 Ω
(c) 1/2 Ω
(d) 1/3 Ω
20. If a certain piece of copper is to be shaped into a conductor of minimum resistance, its length
(L) and cross-sectional area (a) shall respectively be :
(a) L, 2A
(b) L/2, 2A
(c) 2L, 2A
(d) 2l, A/2
21. In a Wheatstone bridge, all the four arms have equal resistance R. If resistance
of galvanometer arm is also R, then equivalent resistance of the combination is
𝑅 𝑅
a) R b) 2R c) 2 d) 4
22. The drift velocity of the free electrons in a conducting wire carrying a current I
is v. If in a wire of the same metal, but of double the radius, the current be 2I, then
the drift velocity of the electrons will be
(a) 𝑉/4
(b) 𝑉 /2
(c)𝑉
(d) 4 𝑉
23. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. Student chooses the

standard resistance S to be 100 N. He finds the null point at l1 = 2.9 cm. He is told
to attempt to improve the accuracy. Which of the following is a useful way?
(a) He should measure l1, more accurately.
(b) He should change S to 1000 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(d) He should give up hope of a more accurate measurement with a meter bridge.
24. Two cells of emf's approximately 5 V and 10 V are to be accurately compared

using a potentiometer of length 400 cm.
(a) The battery that runs the potentiometer should have voltage of 8V.
(b) The battery of potentiometer can have a voltage of 15 V and R adjusted so that
the potential drop across the wire slightly exceeds 10 V.
(c) The first portion of 50 cm of wire itself should have a potential drop of 10 V.
(d) Potentiometer is usually used for comparing resistances and not voltages.
25. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a

conductor?
(a) Drift velocity alone
(b) Thermal velocity alone
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity
(d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity.
26. Temperature dependence of resistivity 𝜌(T) of semiconductors insulators and

metals is significantly based on the following factors.
(a) Number of charge carriers can change with temperature T.
(b) Time interval between two successive collision can depend on T.
(c) Length of material can be a function of T.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
27. The current in electrolyte is due to
(a) positive ions only (c) both positive and negative ions
(b) negative ions only (d) holes
28. The temperature coefficient of resistance for a wire is 0.00125/°C. At 27° C its
resistance is 1 ohm. The temperature at which the resistance becomes 2 ohm is (a)
1154 K
(b) 1100 K
(c) 1400 K
(d) 1127 K
29. The resistance of a wire is 'R' ohm. If it is melted and stretched to ‘n’ times its
original length, its new resistance will be
𝑅 𝑅
a) b) n2R c) d) nR
𝑛 𝑛2
30. A wire of non-uniform cross-section is carrying a steady current. Along the

wire
(a) current and current density are constant
(b) only current is constant
(c) only current density is constant
(d) neither current nor current density is constant
31. In a meter bridge experiment null point is obtained at 20 cm from one end of
the wire, when resistance X is balanced against another resistance Y. If then where
will be the new position of null point from the same end if one decides to balance a
resistance of 4X against Y?
(a) 50 cm
(b) 80 cm
(c) 40 cm
(d) 70 cm
32.The length of a potentiometer wire is 100 cm and the emf of the standard cell is
E volt. It is employed to measure the emf of a battery of internal resistance 0.5 Ω.
If the balance point is obtained at length 30 cm from the positive end, the emf of
the battery is (i = current in potentiometer wire)
30𝐸 30𝐸 30(𝐸−0.5𝑖) 30𝐸
a) b) 100−0.5 c) d) 100
100.5 100
33. An electric bulb rated 500 W at 100 V is used in a circuit fed by a 200 V
supply; then the resistance R to be put in series with the bulb, so that bulb delivers
500 W is
(a) 40Ω
(b) 20 Ω
(c) 10 Ω
(d) 80 Ω
34. A potentiometer is an accurate and versatile device to make electrical

measurement of EMF because the method involves
(a) potential gradients
(b) a condition of no current flow through the galvanometer
(c) a combination of cells, galvanometer and resistance
(d) cells
7
35. If the ratio of concentration of electrons to that of hole in a semiconductor is 5
7
and the ratio of currents is 4, then what is the ratio of their drift velocities?
5 4 5 4
a) b) 5 c) 4 d) 7
8
36. A potentiometer can measure emf of a cell because
(a) the sensitivity of potentiometer is large.
(b) no current is drawn from the cell at balance.
(c) no current flows in the wire of potentiometer at balance.
(d) internal resistance of cell is neglected.

37.Kirchhoff's first rule at a junction in an electrical network, deals with
conservation of
(a) energy (c) momentum
(b) charge (d) both energy and charge.
38. A cell of internal resistance r is connected across an external resistance R can

supply maximum current when
(a) R = r
(b) R >r
𝑟
(c) R= 2
(d) R = 0
39. The ratio of current density and electric field is called
(a) Resistivity
(6) Conductivity
(c) Drift velocity

(d) Mobility
40.For a fixed potential difference applied across a conductor, the drift speed of
free electrons does not depend upon
(a) free electron density in the conductor.
(b) mass of the electrons.
(c) length of the conductor

(d) temperature of the conductor.
Case-1
Ohm’s law is obeyed by many substance, but one can’t say that it’s a fundamental law of
nature. It is a basic law regarding flow of current which defines resistance as constant of
proportionality. The dependence of was also discussed by Ohm’s law. The potential applied
across a conductor and current through it was also one of the important points discussed in
this law.
1. What will be the resistance across a slab if area is doubled?
a) Resistance will be doubled.
b) Resistance will be halved.
c) No change.
d) Resistance will be zero.
2. On what factors does the resistance depends?
a) Material only.
b) Dimensions of conductor only.
c) Material and dimension both.
d) None of these.
3. How does the current density varies, if area is doubled?
a) j becomes half.
b) j becomes double.
c) j does not vary.
d) j only depends on current.
4. How does the resistivity of metals change with temperature?
a) Increases linearly.
b) Decreases linearly
c) First increases and then decreases
d) None of the above
5. What can you say about the relation between V and I from Ohm’s law?
a) V depends on I linearly.
b) V depends on I non-linearly.
c) V does not depend on I.
d) Can’t say.
Case-2
In metallic conductors some of the electrons are practically free to move within the bulk
material and are called free electrons. They move with a very high speed due to thermal
motion of the order of 105 m/s. During motion they collide with the fixed ions and emerges
with the same speed. The direction of its velocity after collision is completely random and
there is no preferential direction. The average thermal velocity comes out to be zero with no
net flow of electrons and hence no net current. When an external electric field E is applied
across a conductor then electrons are accelerated as “a = -eE/m”. Now electrons start moving
in opposite direction of electric field with some constant velocity called drift velocity vd = -
eEτ/m where τ is the average time between two successive collisions of electrons and is called
relaxation time. The drift velocity of electrons is of the order of 10-4 m/s. This drift motion of
electrons establishes an electric current in the conductor. Answer the following questions.
1) The drift velocity of electrons depends on

a. Dimensions of conductor
b. Number density of free electrons in the conductor
c. Both A and B
d. None
2) Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor varies with the strength of electric field E as per
the relation
a. vd ∝ E
b. vd ∝ 1/E
c. vd ∝ E2
d. vd does not depend on E
3) The order of magnitude of drift velocity is
a. 105 m/s
b. 104 m/s
c. 10-5 m/s
d. 10-4 m/s
4) Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in the
conductor?
a. Thermal Velocity alone
b. Drift Velocity alone
c. Both Drift and Thermal velocity
d. Neither drift nor thermal velocity
5) A steady current flows in a metal conductor of non uniform cross section. The quantities
remaining constant along the length of conductor are
a. Electric field and drift velocity
b. Drift velocity only
c. Current only
d. Current and drift velocity
Case-3 Factors Affecting Resistance According to Ohm's law, the current flowing
through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the
𝑉
ends of the conductor i.e., = R where R is resistance of the conductor.
𝐼
Electrical resistance of a conductor is the obstruction posed by the conductor to the
flow of electric current through it. It depends upon length, area of cross-section,
nature of material and temperature of the conduct
𝑙 𝑙
We can write, R𝐴 or R = 𝐴 , where p is electrical resistivity of the material of the
conductor.
(i) Dimensions of electric resistance is
(a) (ML2 T-2 A- 2) (b) (ML2 T-3 A-2) (C) (M-1L-2T-1A) (d) (M-1 L2T2A-1)
(ii) I𝜇A current flows through a conductor when potential difference of 2 volt
is applied across its ends, then the resistance of the conductor is
(a) 2x 106 Ω
(b) 3 x 105 Ω
(c) 1.5 x 105 Ω
(d) 5 x 107 Ω
(iii) Specific resistance of a wire depends upon

(a) Length
(b) Cross-sectional area
(c) mass
(d) None of these
(iv) The slope of the graph between potential difference and current through
a conductor is
(a) a straight line
(b) curve
(c) first curve then straight line
(d) first straight line then curve
(v) The resistivity of the material of a wire 1.0 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter
and having a resistance of 2.0 ohm is
(a) 1.57 x10-6Ωm
(b) 5.25 x 10-7 Ωm
(c) 7.12 x 10-5 Ωm
(d) 2.55 x 10-7Ωm
Case-4 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity The resistance of a conductor at
temperature t°C is given by Rt = R0(1+∝ 𝑡) where Rt is the resistance at l° C, R0 is
the resistance at 0°C and is the characteristics constants of the material of the
conductor.
Over a limited range of temperatures, that is not too large. The resistivity of a
metallic conductor is approximately given by Pt= P0(1 + ∝ 𝑡).
where ∝ is the temperature coefficient of resistivity. Its unit is K-l or °C-1
For metals, ∝. is positive i.e., resistance increases with rise in temperature.
For insulators and semiconductors, a. is negative i.e., resistance decreases with rise
in temperature.
(i) Fractional increase in resistivity per unit increase

in temperature is defined as
(a) resistivity
(b) temperature coefficient of resistivity -
(c) conductivity
(d) drift velocity
(ii) the material whose resistivity is insensitive to temperature is
(a) silicon
(b) copper
(c) silver
(d) nichrome
(iii) The temperature coefficient of the resistance of a wire is 0.00125 per °C. At
300 K its resistance is 1 ohm. The resistance of wire will be 2 ohms at
(a) 1154 K
(b) 1100 K
(c) 1400 K
(d) 1127 K
(iv) The temperature coefficient of resistance of an alloy used for making resistors
is
(a) small and positive
(b) small and negative
(c) large and positive
(d) large and negative
𝑉
(v) For a metallic wire, the ratio 𝐼 (V = applied potential difference and I = current
flowing) is
(a) independent of temperature
(b) increases as the temperature rises
(c) decreases as the temperature rises
(d) increases or decreases as temperature rises depending upon the metal
Case-5 Relation between V, ε and r of a Cell Emf of a cell is the maximum

potential difference between two electrodes of the cell when no current is
drawn from the cell. Internal resistance is the resistance offered by the
electrolyte of a cell when the electric current flows through it. The internal
resistance of a cell depends upon the following factors; (i) distance between
the electrodes (ii) nature and temperature of the electrolyte (iii) nature of electrodes
(iv) area of electrodes.
For a freshly prepared cell, the value of internal resistance is generally low and
goes on increasing as the cell is put to more and more use. The potential difference
between the two electrodes of a cell in a closed circuit is called terminal potential
difference and its value is always less than the emf of the cell in a closed circuit. It
can be written as V = E - Ir.
(i) The terminal potential difference of two electrodes of a cell is equal to emf of
the cell when
(a) 1≠0
(b) 1 = 0
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
(ii) A cell of emf ∈ and internal resistance r gives a current of 0.5 A with
an external resistance of 12 Ω and a current of 0.25 A with an external resistance
of 25 Ω. What is the value of internal resistance of the cell?
(a) 5 Ω
(b) 1 Ω
(c) 7 Ω
(d) 3 Ω
(iii) Choose the wrong statement.
(a) Potential difference across the terminals of a cell in a closed circuit is
always less than its emt.
(b) Internal resistance of a cell decrease with the decrease in temperature of
the electrolyte.
(c) Potential difference versus current graph for a cell is a straight line with a
-ve slope.
(d) Terminal potential difference of the cell when it is being charged is given
as V = € + Ir.
(iv) An external resistance R is connected to a cell of internal resistance r, the

maximum current flows in the external resistance, when
(a) R=r
(b) R<r
(c) R>r
(d) R= 1/r
(v) IF external resistance connected to a cell has been increased to 5 times, the
potential difference across the terminals of the cell increases from 10 V to 30 V.
Then, the emf of the cell is
(a) 30 V
(b) 60 V
(c) 50 V
(d) 40 V
Case-6 Mechanism of Current Flow in a Conductor Metals have a large number of

free electrons nearly 1028 per cubic meter. In the absence of electric field, average
terminal speed of the electrons in random motion at room temperature is of the order
of 105 ms-1. When a potential difference V is applied across the two ends of a given
conductor, the free electrons in the conductor experiences a force and are accelerated
towards the positive end of the conductor. On their way, they suffer frequent
collisions with the ions/atoms of the conductor and lose their gained kinetic energy.
After each collision, the free electrons are again accelerated due to electric field,
towards the positive end of the conductor and lose their gained kinetic energy in the
next collision with the ions/atoms of the conductor. The average speed of the free
electrons with which they drift towards the positive end of the conductor under the
effect of applied electric field is called drift speed of the electrons.
1) Magnitude of drift velocity per unit electric field is
(a) current density
(b) current
(c) resistivity
(d) mobility
(ii) The drift speed of the electrons depends on
(a) dimensions of the conductor
(b) number density of free electrons in the conductor
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
(iii) We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor because

(a) the electron drift speed is usually very large
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate
for the low values of the electron drift speed and the very small magnitude
of the electron charge
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the electron drift speeds
are very large and these compensate for the very small magnitude of the
electron charge
(d) the very small magnitude of the electron charge has to be divided by the
still smaller product of the number density and drift speed to get the electric
current.
(iv) Drift speed of electrons in a conductor is very small i.e., 1 = 10 -4 ms-1. The
Electric bulb glows immediately. When the switch is closed because
(a) drift velocity of electron increases when switch is closed
(b) electrons are accelerated towards the negative end of the conductor
(c) the drifting of electrons takes place at the entire length of the conductor
(d) the electrons of conductor move towards the positive end and protons of
conductor move towards negative end of the conductor.
(v) The number density of free electrons in a copper conductor is 8.5 x 10 28 m-3
how long does an electron take to drift from one end of a wire 3.0 m long to its
other end? The area of cross-section of the wire is 2.0 x 10-5m-2 and it is carrying a
current of 3.0A.
(a) 8.1 x 104s
(b) 2.7 x 104's
(c) 9 x 103s
(d) 3 x 103 s
Case-7 Grouping of Cells A single cell provides a feeble current. In order to

get a higher current in a circuit we often use a combination of cells. A
combination of cells is called a battery. Cells can be joined in series, parallel
or in a mixed way.
Two cells are said to be connected in series when negative terminal of one
cell is connected to positive terminal of the other cell and so on. Two cells are said
to be connected in parallel if positive terminal of each cell is connected to one point
and negative terminal of each cell connected to the other point. In mixed grouping
of cells, a certain number of identical cells are joined in series, and all such rows are
then connected in parallel with each other.
(i) To draw the maximum current from a combination of cells, how should the cells
be grouped?
(a) Parallel
(b) Series
(c) Mixed grouping
(d) Depends upon the relative values of internal and external resistances
(ii) The total emf of the cells when identical cells each of emf are connected in
parallel is
(a) nE
(b) n2E
(c) 𝜀
𝜀
(d) 𝑛
(iii) 4 cells each of emf 2 V and internal resistance of 1 Ω are connected in parallel
to a load resistor of 2 Ω. Then the current through the load resistor is
(a) 2 A
(b) 1.5 A
(c) A
(d) 0.888 A
(iv) If two cells out of n number of cells each of internal resistance r are wrongly
connected in series, then total resistance of the cell is
(a) 2 nr
(b) nr - 4r
(c) nr
(d) r
(v) Two identical non-ideal batteries are connected in parallel. Consider the
following statements
(i) The equivalent emf is smaller than either of the two emfs.
(ii) The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two
internal resistances,
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are correct.

(b) (i) is correct but (ii) is wrong.
(c) (ii) is correct but (i) is wrong.
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are wrong.
Case-8 Kirchhoff's Rules In 1942, a German physicist Kirchhoff extended Ohm's law
to complicated circuits and gave two laws, which enable us to determine current
in any part of such a circuit. According to Kirchhoff's first rule, the algebraic
sum of the currents meeting at a junction in a closed electric circuit is zero. The
current flowing in a conductor towards the junction is taken as positive and the
current flowing away from the junction is taken as negative. According to
Kirchhoff's second rule, in a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emf's and algebraic
sum of the products of current and resistance in the various arms of the loop is zero.
While traversing a loop, if negative pole of the cell is encountered first, then its emf
is negative, otherwise positive.
(i) Kirchhoff's Il law follows
(a) law of conservation of energy
(b) law of conservation of charge
(c) law of conservation of momentum
(d) Newton's third law of motion
(ii) The value of current I in the given circuit is

(a) 4.5 A
(b) 3.7 A
(c) 2.0 A
(d) 2.5 A
(iii) Kirchhoff's IInd law is based on

(a) law of conservation of momentum of electron
(b) law of conservation of charge and energy
(c) law of conservation of energy
(d) none of these.
(iv) Point out the right statements about the validity of Kirchhoff's Junction rule.
(a) The current flowing towards the junction are taken as positive.
(b) The currents flowing away from the junction are taken as negative.
(c) bending or reorienting the wire does not change the validity of
Kirchhoff's Junction rule.
(d) All of the above
(v) Potential difference between A and B in the circuit shown here is

(a) 4V
(b) 5.6 V
(c) 2.8 V
(d) 6 V
Case-9 Wheatstone Bridge and its Applications Wheatstone bridge is an
arrangement of four resistances P, Q, R and S connected as shown in the
figure. Their values are so adjusted that the galvanometer G shows no
deflection. The bridge is then said to be balanced when this condition is
achieved happens. In the setup shown here, the points B and D are at the
𝑃 𝑅
same potential and it can be shown that 𝑄 = 𝑆
This is called the balancing condition. If any three resistances are known, the L
fourth can be found.
The practical form of Wheatstone bridge is slide Wire Bridge or Meter Bridge.
100−𝑙
Using this the unknown resistance. Can be determined as S= ( 𝑙 ) xR, where/
is the balancing length of the Meter bridge.
(i) In a Wheatstone bridge circuit, P = 5 Ω, Q = 6 Ω, R = 10 Ω and S = 5 Ω. What
is the value of additional?
Resistance to be used in series with S, so that the bridge is balanced?
(a) 9 Ω
(b) 7 Ω
(c) 10 Ω
(d) 5 Ω
(ii) A Wheatstone bridge consisting of four arms of resistances P, Q, R, S is most

sensitive when
(a) all the resistances are equal
(b) all the resistances are unequal
(c) the resistances P and Q are equal but R >> P and >> Q
(d) the resistances P and Q are equal but R<<P and S<< Q
(iii) When a metal conductor connected to left gap of a meter bridge is heated, the
balancing point
(a) shifts towards right
(b) shifts towards left
(c) remains unchanged
(d) remains at zero.
(iv) The percentage error in measuring resistance with a meter bridge can be
minimized by adjusting the balancing point close to
(a) 0
(b) 20 cm
(c) 50 cm
(d) 80 cm
(v) In a meter bridge experiment, the ratio of left gap resistance to right gap
resistance is 2:3. The balance point from left is
(a) 20 cm
b) 50 cm
(c) 40 cm
(d) 60 cm
Case-10 Potentiometer: An Ideal Voltmeter Potentiometer is an
apparatus used for measuring the emf of a cell or potential R (0-R)
difference between two points in an electrical circuit accurately. It is
also used Primary circuit to determine the internal resistance of a
primary cell. The potentiometer is based on the principle that, if V
is the potential difference across any portion Secondary circuit of the wire of length
/ and resistance R, then VO: /or V = kl where k is the potential gradient. Thus,
potential difference across any portion of potentiometer wire is directly proportional
to length of the wire of that portion. The potentiometer wire must be uniform. The
resistance of potentiometer wire should be high.
(i) Which one of the following is true about potentiometer?
(a) Its sensitivity is low.
(b) It measures the emf of a cell very accurately
(c) It is based on deflection method.
(ii) A current of 1.0 mA is flowing through a potentiometer wire of length 4 cm

and of resistance 4 Ω. The potential gradient of the potentiometer wire is
(a) 10-3V m-1
(b) 10-5 V m-2
(c) 2 x 10-3 V m -1
(d) 4 x 10-3V m-1
(iii) Sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased by
(a) decreasing potential gradient along the wire
(b) increasing potential gradient along the wire
(c) decreasing current through the wire
(d) increasing current through the wire
(iv) A potentiometer is an accurate and versatile device to make electrical
measurements of EMF because the method involves
(a) potential gradients
(b) a condition of no current flow through the galvanometer
(c) a combination of cells, galvanometer and resistances
(d) cells
(v) In a potentiometer experiment, the balancing length is 8 m, when the two cells
E. and E, are joined in series. When the two cells are connected in opposition the
balancing length is 4 m. The ratio of the e. m. f. of two cells (E1/E2) is
(a) 1:2
(b) 2:1
(c) 1:3
(d) 3:1
Case-11 Heat produced by Electric Current Whenever an electric current is passed
through a conductor, it becomes hot after some time. The phenomenon
of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of an electric current
through it is called heating effect of current or Joule heating. Thus, the
electrical energy supplied by the source of emf is converted into heat.
In purely resistive circuit, the energy expended by the source entirely
appears as heat. But if the circuit has an active element like a motor,
then a part of the energy supplied by the source goes to do useful work and the rest
appears as heat. Joule's law of heating form the basis of various electrical appliances
such as electric bulb, electric furnace, electric press etc.
(i) Which of the following is a correct statement?
(a) Heat produced in a conductor is independent of the current flowing.
(b) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the current flowing
(c) Heat produced in a conductor varies directly as the square of the current
flowing.
(d) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the square of the current
flowing
(ii) the coil of a heater is cut to half, what would happen to heat produced?
(a) Doubled
(b) Halved
(c) Remains same
(d) Becomes four times
(iii) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which
bulbs will glow brighter?
(a) 100 W
(b) 25 W
(c) both bulbs will glow brighter
(d) none will glow brighter
(iii) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which
bulbs will glow brighter?
(a) 100 W
(b) 25 W
(c) both bulbs will glow brighter
(d) none will glow brighter
(iv) A rigid container with thermally insulated wall contains a coil of resistance
100 Ω. Carrying current1 A. Change in its internal energy after 5 min will be
(a) 0kJ
(b) 10 kJ
(c) 20 kJ
(d) 30 kJ
(v) The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is
(a) 100J
(b) 1000 J
(c) 600J
(d) 6000J
ASSERTION-REASON
For question numbers 1 to 10, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a),
(b), (c) and (d) as given below.
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
1.Assertion: The possibility of an electric bulb fusing is higher at the time of switching ON and OFF
Reason: Inductive effects produce a surge at the time of switch ON and OFF
2. Assertion: The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness then 100 W bulbs.
Reason: A 100 W bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.
3. Assertion: Fuse wire must have high resistance and low melting point.
Reason: Fuse is used for small current flow only.
4. Assertion: Two bulbs of 50 and 100 W are given. When connected in series 50 W
bulb glows more but when connected parallel 100 W bulb glows more.
Reason: In series combination, power is directly proportional to the resistance of circuit. But in parallel
combination, power is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.
5. Assertion: Current is passed through a metallic wire, heating it red. When cold water is poured on half
of its portion, then rest of the half portion become more hot.
Reason: Resistances decreases due to decrease in temperature and so current through wire increases.
6. Assertion: Electric appliances with metallic body e.g. heaters, presses etc, have three pin connections,
whereas an electric bulb has a two pin connection.
Reason: Three pin connections reduce heating of connecting cables.
7. Assertion: Kirchhoff’s junction rule follows from conservation of charge.
Reason: Kirchhoff’s loop rule follows from conservation of momentum.
8. Assertion: A potentiometer of longer length is preferred for precise measurement.
Reason: The potential gradient for a potentiometer of longer length with a given source of emf becomes
small.
9. Assertion: The resistance of an ideal voltmeter should be infinite.
Reason: Lower resistance of voltmeter gives a reading lower than the actual PD across the terminals.
10. Assertion: Heater wire must have high resistance than connecting wires and high melting point.
Reason: If resistance is high, the electrical conductivity will be less.
11. Assertion: Current is a scalar quantity

Reason: Electric current arises due to continuous flow of charge particles or ions.
12. Assertion: Insulator do not allow flow of current through them.
Reason: Insulator have no free charge carrier.
13. Assertion: The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire will decrease, if the
temperature of the wire is Increased
Reason: On increasing temperature, conductance of metallic wire decreases.
14. Assertion: The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to
the drift velocity.
Reason: As the drift velocity increases the current following through the conductor
decreases.
15. Assertion: Chemical reactions involved in primary cells are irreversible and in
secondary cells are reversible.
Reason: Primary cells can be recharged, but secondary cells cannot be recharged.
16. Assertion: The average thermal velocity of the electrons in a conductor is zero.
Reason: Direction of motion of electrons are randomly oriented.
17. Assertion: It the length of the conductor is doubled, the drift velocity will become
half of the original value (Keeping potential difference unchanged).
Reason: At constant potential difference, drift velocity is inversely proportional to
the length of the conductor.
18. Assertion: The temperature coefficient of resistance is always positive only for
metals.
Reason: on increasing the temperature, the resistance of metals and alloys increases.
19. Assertion: kWhr is a commercial unit used for expressing consumed electric
energy.
Reason: kilo –watt hour is the unit of electric power.
20. Assertion: The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness than 100 w bulbs
Reason A 100 watt bulb has mote resistance than a 200 w bulb.
21. Assertion: Fuse wire must have high resistance and low melting point
Reason: Fuse is used for small current flow only.
UNIT-3 Magnetic Effect Of Current
MCQS
1. The earth behaves as a magnet with magnetic field pointing approximately from the geographic
(a) North to South
(b) South to North
(c) East to West
(d) West to East
2. The angle of dip at a certain place where the horizontal and vertical components of the earth’s magnetic
field are equal is
(a) 30°
(b) 75°
(c) 60°
(d) 45°
3. If an electron is moving with velocity ν produces a magnetic field B , then

(a) the direction of field B will be same as the direction of velocity ν .
(b) the direction of field B will be opposite to the direction of velocity ν .
(c) the direction of field B will be perpendicular to the direction of velocity ν .
(d) the direction of field B does not depend upon the direction of velocity ν .
4. In a current carrying long solenoid the magnetic field produced inside the solenoid does not depend
upon
a) number of turns per unit length
b) current flowing
c) radius of the solenoid
d) all of the above three
5. Ampere’s circuital law is given by
6. Two identical current carrying coaxial loops, carry current I in opposite sense. A simple amperian loop
passes through both of them once. Calling the loop as C, then which statement is correct?
(c) there may be a point on C where B and dl are

parallel.
(d) none of these
7. The correct plot of the magnitude of magnetic field B vs distance r from centre of the wire is, if the
radius of wire is R
8. The nature of parallel and anti-parallel currents are

(a) parallel currents repel and antiparallel cur¬rents attract.
(b) parallel currents attract and antiparallel cur-rents repel.
(c) both currents attract. ’
(d) both currents repel.
9. The magnetic moment of a current I carrying circular coil of radius r and number of turns N varies as
(a) 1r²
(b) 1r
(c) r
(d) r²
10. The direction of magnetic field lines close to a straight conductor carrying current will be
a) along the length of the conductor
b) radially outward
c) circular in a plane perpendicular to the conductor
d) helical
11. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field. The torqe acting on it does not depend
upon
(a) area of loop
(b) value of current
(c) magnetic field
(d) None of these
12. In a moving coil galvanometer the deflection (Φ) on the scale by a pointer attached to the spring is
13. A moving coil galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by

(a) introducing a shunt resistance of large value in series.
(b) introducing a shunt resistance of small value in parallel.
(c) introducing a resistance of small value in series.
(d) introducing a resistance of large value in parallel.
14. The conversion of a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter is done by

(a) introducing a resistance of large value in series.
(b) Introducing a resistance of small value in parallel.
(c) Introducing a resistance of large value in parallel.
(d) introducing a resistance of small value in series
15. When a magnetic compass needle is carried nearby to a straight wire carrying current, then
(I) the straight wire cause a noticeable deflection in the compass needle.
(II) the alignment of the needle is tangential to an imaginary circle with straight wire as its centre and has
a plane perpendicular to the wire
(a) (I) is correct
(b) (II) is correct
(c) both (I) and (II) are correct
(d) neither (I) nor (II) is correct
16. A strong magnetic field is applied on a stationary electron. Then the electron
(a) moves in the direction of the field.
(b) remained stationary.
(c) moves perpendicular to the direction of the field.
(d) moves opposite to the direction of the field.
17. At a distance of 10 cm from a long straight wire carrying current I, the magnetic field is 0.04T. At a
distance of 40cm from the wire, the magnetic field will be
a) 0.01T
b) 0.04T
c) 0.16T
d) 0.02T
18. Which one of the following is correct statement about magnetic forces?
(a) Magnetic forces always obey Newton’s third law.
(b) Magnetic forces do not obey Newton’s third law.
(c) For very high current, magnetic forces obey Newton’s third law.
(d) Inside low magnetic field, magnetic forces obey Newton’s third law.
19. A charged particle is moving on circular path with velocity v in a uniform magnetic field B, if the
velocity of the charged particle is doubled and strength of magnetic field is halved, then radius becomes
(a) 8 times
(b) 4 times
(c) 2 times
(d) 16 times
20. Two a-particles have the ratio of their velocities as 3: 2 on entering the field. If they move in different
circular paths, then the ratio of the radii of their paths is
(a) 2: 3
(b) 3: 2
(c) 9: 4
(d) 4: 9
21. A moving coil galvanometer has 150 equal divisions. Its current sensitivity is 10
divisions per mA and voltage sensitivity is 2 divisions per mV. In order that each
division reads 1 volt, the resistance in ohm needed to be connected in series with the
coil will be
(a) 105 Ω
(b) 103 Ω
(c) 9995 Ω
(d) 99995 Ω
22. A galvanometer has a resistance 100 Ω and it requires current 100 𝜇A for full
scale deflection. A resistor 0.1 Ω is connected to make it ammeter. The smallest
current in the circuit to produce full scale deflection is
(a) 10001 mA
(b) 1.1 mA
(c) 10.1 mA
(d) 100.1 mA
23. A current carrying wire produces
(a) only electric field
(b) only magnetic field
(c) both electric and magnetic fields
(d) no field
24. Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction attract each other
because of
(a) potential difference between them
(b) mutual inductance between them
(c) electric forces between them
(d) magnetic forces between them
25. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field are produced, pointed in
the same direction in a certain region. An electron is projected with its velocity
pointed in the same direction
(a) the electron will turn to its left
(b) the electron will turn to its right
(c) the electron velocity will increase in magnitude
(d) the electron velocity will decrease in magnitude
26. Two magnetic lines of force
(a) intersect at the neutral point

(b) intersect near north or south poles
(c) cannot intersect at all
(d) depend on the position of the magnet.
27. The radius of the path of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is
proportional to
(a) mass
(b) charge
(c) energy
(d) momentum of the particle
28. Two thin, long, parallel wires separated by a distance b are carrying a current i
each in the same direction. The force per unit length exerted by one wire on the
other is
𝑢0𝑖 2
(a) 2𝜋𝑏2 N/m (repulsive
𝑢0
(b) 2𝜋𝑏 𝑖 2 N/m (attractive)
𝑢0𝑖 2
(c) 2𝜋𝑏2 N/m (repulsive)
𝜇 𝑖2
0
(d) 2𝜋𝑏 2 N/m (attractive)
29. The magnetic field is made radial in a galvanometer
(a) to make field stronger
(b) to make field weaker
(c) to make scale linear
(d) to reduce its resistance
30. The magnetic dipole moment of a current carrying coil does not depend upon
(a) number of turns of the coil.
(b) cross-sectional area of the coil.
(c) current flowing in the coil.
(d) material of the turns of the coil.
31. An electron is released from rest in a region of uniform electric and magnetic
fields acting parallel to each other. The electron will
(a) move in a straight line.
(b) move in a circle.
(c) remain stationary.
(d) move in a helical path.
32. A straight current carrying conductor is placed inside a uniform magnetic field
the force per unit length acting on the conductor is
(a) Maximum when the conductor is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic

field.
(b) Maximum when the conductor is along the direction of magnetic field.
(c) Maximum when the conductor is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic

field,
(d) Maximum when the conductor makes an angle of 45o with the direction of
magnetic field.
33. A region has a uniform magnetic field in it. A proton enters into the region
with velocity making an angle of 45° with the direction of the magnetic field. In
this region the proton will move on a path having the shape of a
(a) straight line
(b) circle
(c) spiral
(d) helix
34. An electron and a proton are moving along the same direction with the same
kinetic energy.
They enter a uniform magnetic field acting perpendicular to their velocities. The
dependence of radius of their paths on their masses is:
1 1
(a) R ∞ m (b) r ∞ √𝑚 (c) r ∞ 𝑚 (d) r ∞ √𝑚
35. A charge particle after being accelerated through a potential difference
‘Venters in a uniform
Magnetic field and moves in a circle of radius r. If V is doubled, the radius of the
circle will become
(a) 2r (b) √2r (c) 4r (d) r/√2
36. Magnetism in substances is caused by

(a) Orbital motion of electrons only
(b) Spin motion of electrons only
(c) due to spin and orbital motions of electrons both
(d) Hidden magnets
37. In a plane perpendicular to the magnetic meridian, the dip needle will be
(a) vertical
(b) Horizontal
(c) Inclined equal to the angle of dip at that place
(d) Pointing in any direction
38. A bar magnet AB with magnetic moment M is cut into two equal parts
perpendicular to its axis. One part is kept over the other so that end B is exactly
over A. What will be the magnetic moment of the combination so formed?
𝑀 3𝑀
(a) 4 (b) (c) 𝑀 (d)
4
Zero
39. SI unit of magnetic pole strength is
(a) ampere-meter
ampere
(b) meter2
𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
(c) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
(d) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
40. The SI unit of magnetic permeability 𝜇o is
(a) WA -1 m-1 (b) NA-1 m-1 (c) NA-2 (d) Both WA-1 m-1
and NA-2
Case 1. FORCE ON A CHARGE IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD

A point charge q (moving with a velocity v and located at r at a given time t) in the presence of both the
electric field E and magnetic field B. The force on an electric charge q due to both of them can be written
as
F = q [ E + v x B ] = Fe + Fmag
It is called the ‘Lorentz force’.
1. If the charge q is moving under a field, the force acting on the charge depends on the magnitude of
field as well as the velocity of the charge particle, what kind of field is the charge moving in?
(a) Electric field
(b) Magnetic field
(c) Both electric and magnetic field perpendicular to each other
(d) None of these
2. The magnetic force acting on the charge ‘q’ placed in a magnetic field will vanish if
(a) if v is small
(b) If v is perpendicular to B
(c) If v is parallel to B
(d) None of these
3. If an electron of charge -e is moving along + X direction and magnetic field is along + Z direction, then
the magnetic force acting on the electron will be along
(a) + X axis
(b) - X axis
(c) - Y axis
(d) + Y axis
4. The vectors which are perpendicular to each other in the relation for magnetic force acting on a charge
particle are
(a) F and v (c) v and B
(b) F and B (d) All of these
5. A particle moves in a region having a uniform magnetic field and a parallel, uniform electric field. At
some instant, the velocity of the particle is perpendicular to the field direction. The path of the particle
will be
(a) A straight line
(b) A circle
(c) A helix with uniform pitch
Case 2 : MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER
The galvanometer is a device used to detect the current flowing in a circuit or a small potential difference
applied to it. It consists of a coil with many turns, free to rotate about a fixed axis, in a uniform radial
magnetic field formed by using concave pole pieces of a magnet. When a current flows through the coil, a
torque acts on it.
1.What is the principle of moving coil galvanometer?

(a) Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a uniform magnetic field.
(b) Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a non-uniform magnetic field.
(c) Potential difference developed in the current carrying coil.
(d) None of these.
2. If the field is radial, then the angle between magnetic moment of galvanometer coil and the magnetic
field will be
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 90°
3. Why pole pieces are made concave in the moving coil galvanometer?
(a) to make the magnetic field radial.
(b) to make the magnetic field uniform.
(c) to make the magnetic field non-uniform.
(d) none of these
4. What is the function of radial field in the moving coil galvanometer?

(a) to make the torque acting on the coil maximum.
(b) to make the magnetic field strong.
(c) to make the current scale linear.
(d) all the above.
5. If the rectangular coil used in the moving coil galvanometer is made circular, then what will be the
effect on the maximum torque acting on the coil in magnetic field for the same area of the coil?
(a) remains the same
(b) becomes less in circular coil
(c) becomes greater in circular coil
Case 2.Motion of Charge in Magnetic Field An electron with speed V0 «c moves in
a circle of radius r0 in a uniform magnetic field. This electron is able to traverse a
circular path as magnetic field is perpendicular to the velocity of the electron. A
force acts on the particle perpendicular to both 𝑣0 and 𝐵⃑ 0. This force continuously
deflects the particle sideways without changing its speed and the particle will move
along a circle perpendicular to the field. The time required for one revolution of the
electron is T0
(i) If the speed of the electron is now doubled to 2v0. The radius of the circle will
change to
(a) 4r0
(b) 2r0
(c) r0
(d) r0/2
(ii) If v0= 2vo, then the time required for one revolution of the electron will change
to
(a) 4T0
(b) 2T0
(c) T0
(d) 70/2
⃑ = (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂) x102- T. The
(iii) A charged particle is projected in a magnetic field 𝐵
acceleration of the particle is found to be a = (x𝑖 + 2j) ms-2. Find the value of x.
(a) 4 ms-2
(b) -4 ms-2
(c) -2 ms-2
(d) 2 ms-2
((iv) If the given electron has a velocity not perpendicular to B, then trajectory of
the electron is
(a) straight line
(b) circular
(c) helical
(d) zig-zag
(v) If this electron of charge (e) is moving parallel to uniform magnetic field with
constant velocity v, the force acting on the electron is
(a) Bev
𝐵𝑒
(b) 𝑣
𝐵
(c) 𝑒𝑣
(d) zero
Case3. Moving Coil Galvanometer Moving coil galvanometer operates on

Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) mechanism and was designed by the
scientist Darsonval. Moving coil galvanometers are of two types
(i). Suspended coil
(ii) Pivoted coil type or tangent galvanometer.

Its working is based on the fact that when a current carrying coil is placed in a
magnetic field, it experiences a torque. This torque tends to rotate the coil about its
axis of suspension in such a way that the magnetic flux passing through the coil is
maximum.
(i) A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument which
(a) is used to measure emf
(b) is used to measure potential difference
(C) is used to measure resistance
(d) is a deflection instrument which gives a deflection when a current flows

through its coil
(ii) To make the field radial in a moving coil galvanometer.
(a) number of turns of coil is kept small
(b) magnet is taken in the form of horse-shoe
(c) poles are of very strong magnets
(d) poles are cylindrically cut
(iii) The deflection in a moving coil galvanometer is
(a) directly proportional to torsional constant of spring

(b) directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil
(c) inversely proportional to the area of the coil
(d) inversely proportional to the current in the coil
(iv) In a moving coil galvanometer, having a coil of N-turns of area A and carrying
current / is placed in a radial field of strength B. The torque acting on the coil is
(a) NA2B2I
(b) NABI2
(c) N2ABI
(d) NABI
(v) To increase the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer, we should

decrease
(a) strength of magnet
(b) torsional constant of spring
(c) number of turns in coil
(d) area of coil
Case4. Conversion of Galvanometer to Voltmeter A galvanometer can be

converted into voltmeter of given range by connecting a suitable resistance R5 in
series with the galvanometer, whose value is given by
where V is the voltage to be measured, 1g is the current for full scale deflection of
galvanometer and G is the resistance of galvanometer.
Series resistor (R5) increases range of voltmeter and the effective resistance of
galvanometer. It also protects the galvanometer from damage due to large current.
Voltmeter is a high resistance instrument and it is always connected in parallel
with the circuit element across which potential difference is to be measured. An
ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance. In order to increase the range of voltmeter 1
times the value of resistance to be connected in series with galvanometer is
R5 = (x - 1)G.
(i) 10 mA current can pass through a galvanometer of resistance 25 Ω. What

resistance in series should be connected through it, so that it is converted into a
voltmeter of 100 V?
(a) 0.975 Ω
(b) 99.75 Ω
(c) 975 Ω
(d) 9975 Ω
(ii) There are 3 voltmeter A, B, C having the same range but their resistance are
15,000 Ω, 10,000 Ω and 5,000 Ω respectively. The best voltmeter amongst them is
the one whose resistance is
(a) 5000 Ω
(b) 10,000 Ω
(c) 15,000 Ω
(d) all are equally good
(iii) A milliammeter of range 0 to 25 mA and resistance of 10 Ω is to be converted

into a voltmeter with a range of 0 to 25 V. The resistance that should be connected
in series will be
(a) 930 Ω
(b) 960 Ω
(c) 990 Ω
(d) 1010 Ω.
(iv) To convert a moving coil galvanometer (MCG) into a voltmeter
(a) a high resistance R is connected in parallel with MCG
(b) a low resistance R is connected in parallel with MCG
(c) a low resistance R is connected in series with MCG
(d) a high resistance R is connected in series with MCG
(v) The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
(a) zero
(b) low
(c) high
(d) infinity
Case5. Motion of Charged Particle Inside Magnetic Field A charged particle

moving in a magnetic field experiences a force that is proportional to the strength
of the magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the
magnetic field and the charge of the particle.
This force is given by 𝐹̂ =q(𝑣x 𝐵⃑ ) where q is the electric charge of the particle, v is
the instantaneous velocity of the particle, and 𝐵⃑ is the magnetic field (in tesla). The
direction of force is determined by the rules of cross product of two vectors. Force
is perpendicular to both velocity and magnetic field. Its direction is same as 𝑣x 𝐵 ⃑ if
q is positive and opposite of 𝑣 x 𝐵⃑ if q is negative. The force is always
perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field that created
it. Because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the motion, the magnetic
field can do no work on an isolated charge. It can only do work indirectly, via the
electric field generated by a changing magnetic field.
(i) When a magnetic field is applied on a stationary electron, it
(a) remains stationary
(b) spins about its own axis
(c) moves in the direction of the field
(d) moves perpendicular to the direction of the field.
(ii) A proton is projected with a uniform velocity v along the axis of a current
carrying solenoid, then
(a) the proton will be accelerated along the axis
(b) the proton path will be circular about the axis
(c) the proton moves along helical path
(d) the proton will continue to move with velocity v along the axis.
(iii) A charged partide experiences magnetic force in the presence of magnetic

field. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) The particle is stationary and magnetic field is perpendicular,
(b) The particle is moving and magnetic field is perpendicular to the velocity.
(c) The particle is stationary and magnetic field is parallel

(d) The particle is moving and magnetic field is parallel to velocity.
(iv) A charge q moves with a velocity 2 ms-1 along x-axis in a uniform magnetic
field B = (𝑖̂+2 𝑗̂+3𝑘̂ ) T, then charge will experience a force
(a) in z-y plane
(b) along -y axis
(c) along +Z axis
(d) along - axis
(v) Moving charge will produce
(a) electric field only
(b) magnetic field only
(c) both electric and magnetic field
(d) none of these
Case 6. Magnetic Field Due to Solenoid A solenoid is a long coil of wire tightly
wound in the helical form. Solenoid consists of closely stacked rings electrically
insulated from each other wrapped around a non-conducting cylinder.
Figure below shows the magnetic field lines of a solenoid carrying a steady current
1. We see that if the turns are closely spaced, the resulting magnetic field inside the
solenoid becomes fairly uniform, provided that the length of the solenoid is much
greater than its diameter. For an “ideal" solenoid, which is infinitely long with
turns tightly packed, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform and parallel
to the axis, and vanishes outside the solenoid.
(i) A long solenoid has 800 turns per metre length of solenoid. A current of 1.6 A
flows through it. The magnetic
induction at the end of the solenoid on its axis is
(a) 16x10-4 T
(b) 8 x 10-4T
(C) 32 x 10-4T
(d) 4x 10-4T
(ii) Choose the correct statement in the following,
(a) The magnetic field inside the solenoid is less than that of outside
(b) The magnetic field inside an ideal solenoid is not at all uniform
(c) The magnetic field at the centre, inside an ideal solenoid is atmost twice that at
the ends
(d) The magnetic field at the centre, inside an ideal solenoid is almost half of that
at the ends
(iii) The magnetic field (B) inside a long solenoid having n turns per unit length
and carrying current I when iron core is kept in it is (𝜇 = permeability of vacuum, x
= magnetic susceptibility)
(a) 𝜇o n1(1-x)
(b) 𝜇o n1x
(C) 𝜇o n12(1-x)
(d) 𝜇o n1 (1+x)
(iv) A solenoid of length l and having n turns carries a current I is in anticlockwise

direction. The magnetic field is
(a) 𝜇o nI
𝑛𝐼
(b) 𝜇o
𝑙2
(c) along the axis of solenoid
(d) perpendicular to the axis of coil
(v) The magnitude of the magnetic field inside a long solenoid is increased by
(a) decreasing its radius
(b) decreasing the current through it
(c) increasing its area of cross-section
(d) introducing a medium of higher permeability
Case7. Gauss's Law for Magnetism By analogy to Gauss's law of electrostatics, we

can write Gauss's law of magnetism as ∮ 𝐵 ⃑ ⃑⃑⃑ ⃑ 𝑑𝑠 is the
𝑑𝑙 =𝜇0 m inside where ∮ 𝐵
magnetic flux and minside is the net pole strength inside the closed surface. We do
not have an isolated magnetic pole in nature. At least none has been found to exist
till date. The smallest unit of the source of magnetic field is a magnetic dipole
where the net magnetic pole is zero. Hence, the net magnetic pole endosed by any
closed surface is always zero. Correspondingly, the flux of the magnetic field
through any closed surface is zero.
(1) Consider the two idealised systems
(i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and (ii) a long
solenoid of length 1 >> R, radius of cross-section. In (i) 𝐸⃑ is ideally treated as a
constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is constant inside
the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict
fundamental laws as
(a) case (i) contradicts Gauss's law for electrostatic fields.
(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss's law for magnetic fields.
(c) case (i) agrees with ∮ 𝐸⃑ ⃑⃑⃑

𝑑𝑙 = 0
⃑ ⃑⃑⃑
(d) case (ii) contradicts ∮ 𝐻 𝑑𝑙 = 1𝑒𝑛
(ii) The net magnetic flux through any closed surface, kept in a magnetic field is
(a) zero
𝜇0
(b)
4𝜋
(c) 4𝜋𝜇0
4𝜇0
(d)
𝜋
(iii) A closed surface S encloses a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment 2ml. The
magnetic flux emerging from the surface is
(a) 𝜇0m
(b) zero
(c) 2𝜇0m
2𝑚
(d)
𝜇0
(iv) Which of the following is not a consequence of Gauss's law?
(a) The magnetic poles always exist as unlike pairs of equal strength.
(b) If several magnetic lines of force enter in a closed surface, then an equal
number of lines of force must leave that surface.
(c) There are abundant sources or sinks of the magnetic field inside a closed
surface.
(V). The surface integral of a magnetic field over a surface
(a) is proportional to mass enclosed
(c) is zero
(b) is proportional to charge enclosed
(d) equal to its magnetic flux through that surface.
Case8. Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity When the atomic dipoles are aligned
partially or fully, there is a net magnetic moment in the direction of the field in any
small volume of the material. The actual magnetic field inside material placed in
magnetic field is the sum of the applied magnetic field and the magnetic field due
to magnetisation. This field is called magnetic intensity
𝐵
𝐻 = 𝜇 -M
0
where M is the magnetisation of the material, u0 is the permeability of vacuum and

B is the total magnetic field. The measure that tells us how a magnetic material
responds to an external field is given by a dimensionless quantity is appropriately
called the magnetic susceptibility: for a certain class of magnetic materials,
intensity of magnetisation is directly proportional to the magnetic intensity.
(i) Magnetization of a sample is
(a) volume of sample per unit magnetic moment
(b) net magnetic moment per unit volume
(c) ratio of magnetic moment and pole strength
(d) ratio of pole strength to magnetic moment. Identify the wrongly matched
quantity and unit pair.
(a) Pole strength - Am-1
(b) Magnetic susceptibility - dimensionless number
(c) Intensity of magnetisation - Am!
(d) Magnetic permeability - Henry m
(iii) A bar magnet has length 3 cm, cross-sectional area 2 cm2 and magnetic
moment 3 A m2. The intensity of magnetisation of bar magnet is
(a) 2 x 103 A/m
(b) 3 x 105 A/m
(c) 4x 103 A/m
(d) 5 x 105 A/m
(iv) A solenoid has core of a material with relative permeability 500 and its
windings carry a current of 1 A. The number of turns of the solenoid is 500 per
metre. The magnetization of the material is nearly
(a) 2.5 x 105 Am-1
(b) 2.5x 105 Am-1
(c) 2.0 x 105 Am-1
(d) 2.0 x 105 Am-1

(v) The relative permeability of iron is 6000. Its magnetic susceptibility is
(a) 5999
(b) 6001
(c) 6000 x 10-7
(d) 6000 x 107
Case9. Earth's Magnetic Field The magnetic field lines of the earth resemble that
of a hypothetical magnetic dipole located at the centre of the earth. The axis of the
dipole is presently tilted by approximately 11.30 with respect to the axis of rotation
of the earth.
The pole near the geographic North pole of the earth is called the South magnetic
pole and the pole near the geographic South pole is called North magnetic pole.
(i) The strength of the earth's magnetic field varies from place to place on the
earth's surface, its value being of the order of
(a) 105 T
(b) 10-6T
(c) 10-5T
(d) 108T
(ii) A bar magnet is placed North-South with its North-pole due North. The points
of zero magnetic field will be in which direction from centre of magnet?
(a) North-South
(b) East-West
(c) North-East and South-West
(d) None of these.
(iii) The value of angle of dip is zero at the magnetic equator because on it
(a) Vand Hare equal
(b) the values of V and H zero
(c) the value of Vis zero
(d) the value of H is zero.
(iv) The angle of dip at a certain place, where the horizontal and vertical
components of the earth's magnetic field are equal, is
(a) 30°
(b) 90°
(c) 60°
(d) 45°
(V) At a place, angle of dip is 30°. If horizontal component of earth's magnetic

field is H, then the total intensity of magnetic field will be
𝐻
(a)
2
𝐻
(d)
√3
3
(c) 𝐻√2
(d) 2H
Case10. Magnetic Field due to a Hollow Wire The field of a hollow wire with
constant current is homageneous. Curves in the graph shown give, as functions of
radius distance r, the magnitude B of the magnetic field inside and outside four long
wires a, b, c and d, carrying currents that are uniformly distributed across the cross
sections of the wires. Overlapping portions of the plots are indicated by double
labels.
(i). Which wire has the greatest magnitude of the magnetic field on the surface?
(a) a
(b) b
(c) c
(d) d
(ii) The current density in a wire a is
(a) greater than in wire c
(b) less than in wire c
(c) equal to that in wire o
(d) not comparable to that of in wire c due to lack of information

(iii) Which wire has the greatest radius?
(a) a
(b) b
(c) c
(d) d
(iv) A direct current I flows along the length of an infinitely long straight thin walled
pipe, then the magnetic field is
(a) uniform throughout the pipe but not zero
(b) zero only along the axis of the pipe
(c) zero at any point inside the pipe
(d) maximum at the centre and minimum at the edges.
(v) In a coaxial, straight cable, the central conductor and the outer conductor carry
equal currents in opposite direction. The magnetic field is zero
(a) outside the cable
(b) inside the inner conductor
(c) inside the outer conductor
(d) in between the two conductor.
Case11. Helical Motion "The path of a charged particle in magnetic field depends
upon angle between velocity and magnetic field. Il velocity v is at angle 𝜃 to 𝐵⃑,
component of velocity parallel to magnetic field (v cos 𝜃) remains constant and
component of velocity perpendicular to magnetic field (v sin 𝜃) is responsible for
circular motion, thus the charge particle moves in a helical path.
The plane of the circle is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the axis of the helix
is parallel to the magnetic field. The charged particle moves along helical path
touching the line parallel to the magnetic field passing through the starting point
after each rotation.
𝑚𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Radius of circular path is r =
𝑞𝐵
Hance the resultant path of the charged particle will be a helix, with its axis along
⃑ as shown in figure. '
the direction of 𝐵
(i) When a positively charged particle enters into a uniform magnetic field with
uniform velocity, its trajectory can be (i) a straight line (ii) a circle (iii) a helix.
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) or (ii)
(c) (i) or (iii)
(d) any one of (i), (ii) and (iii)
(ii) Two charged particles A and B having the same charge, mass and speed enter
into a magnetic field in such a way that the initial path of A makes an angle of 30°
and that of B makes an angle of 90' with the field. Then the trajectory of
(a) B will have smaller radius of curvature than that of A
(b) both will have the same curvature
(c) A will have smaller radius of curvature than that of B
(d) both will move along the direction of their original velocities,
(iii) An electron having momentum 2.4 x 10-2 kg m/s enters a region of uniform
magnetic field of 0.15 T. The field vector makes an angle of 30° with the initial
velocity vector of the electron. The radius of the helical path of the electron in the
field shall be
(a) 2 mm
(b) 1 mm
√3
(c) mm
2
(d) 0.5 mm
(iv) The magnetic field in a certain region of space is given by 𝐵̂ = 8.35x10-2iT. A

proton is shot into the field with velocity 𝑣̂ = (2x105i + 4x105j) m/s. The proton
follows a helical path in the field. The distance moved by proton in the x-direction
during the period of one revolution in the yz-plane will be (Mass of proton = 1.67 x
10-27 kg)
(a) 0.053 m
(b) 0.136 m
(c) 0.157 m
(d) 0.236 m
(v) The frequency of revolution of the particle is

𝑚
(a)
𝑞𝐵
𝑞𝐵
(b)
2𝜋𝑚
2𝜋𝑅
(c)
𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2𝜋𝑅
(a)𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
ASSERTION-REASON
For question numbers 1 to 10, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false
1. Assertion(A): The centripetal force on the test charge qo is qo vB, where v is the velocity of a
particle and B is the magnetic field.
Reason (R): When a charged particle is fired at right angles to the magnetic field, the radius of its
circular path is directly proportional to the kinetic energy of the particle.
2. Assertion (A): Magnetic field due to an infinite straight conductor varies inversely as the distance
from it.
Reason (R): The magnetic field due to a straight conductor is in the form of concentric circles.
3. Assertion (A): A rectangular current loop is in an arbitrary orientation in an external uniform

magnetic field. No work is required to rotate the loop about an axis perpendicular to the plane of
loop
Reason (R): All positions represent the same level of energy.
4. Assertion (A): The magnitude of magnetic field in a region is equal to the number of magnetic
field lines per unit area where area should be normal to the field.
Reason (R): Magnetic field is tangential to a magnetic field line.
5. Assertion (A): If a proton and an α-particle enter a uniform magnetic field perpendicularly with
the same speed, the time period of revolution of α-particle is double than that of proton.
Reason (R): In a magnetic field, the period of revolution of a charged particle is directly
proportional to the mass of the particle and inversely proportional to the charge of the particle.
6. Assertion (A): A charged particle is moving in a circular path under the action of a uniform
magnetic field. During the motion, kinetic energy of the charged particle is constant.
Reason (R): During the motion, magnetic force acting on the particle is perpendicular to
instantaneous velocity.
7. Assertion (A): When radius of a circular loop carrying current is doubled, its magnetic moment
becomes four times.
Reason (R): Magnetic moment depends on the area of the loop.
8. Assertion (A): The magnetic field at the ends of a very long current carrying solenoid is half of
that at the center.
Reason (R): If the solenoid is sufficiently long, the field within it is uniform.
9. Assertion (A): If an electron and proton enter a magnetic field with equal momentum, then the
paths of both of them will be equally curved.
Reason (R): The magnitude of charge on an electron is same as that on a proton.
10. Assertion (A): The coils of a spring come close to each other, when current is passed through it.
Reason (R): The coils of a spring carry current in the same direction hence attract each other.
11. Assertion (A): magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a
toroid, but not within a straight solenoid
Reason (R): the magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.
12. Assertion (A): an ammeter is a connected in series in the circuit.
Reason (R): an ammeter is high resistance galvanometer.
13. Assertion (A): there is a spark in the switch when the switch is closed.
Reason (R): current flowing in the conductor produces magnetic field
14. Assertion (A): in electric circuits, wires carrying currents in opposite in

directions are often twisted together.
Reason (R): if the wire are not twisted together, the combination of the wires forms
a current loop. The magnetic field generated by the loop might affect adjacent
circuits or components.
15. Assertion (A): A when two long parallel wires, hanging freely are connected in
parallel to a battery, they come closer to each other.
Reason (R): wires carrying current in opposite direction repel each other.
16.Assertion (A): Magnetic moment of an atom is due to both, the orbital motion
and spin Motion of every electron.
Reason (R): A charged particle produces a magnetic field.
17. Assertion (A): The earth’s magnetic field is due to iron present in its core.
Reason (R): At a low temperature magnet loss its magnetic property or
magnetism.
18. Assertion (A): The ends of a magnet suspended freely point out always along
north poles.
Reason (R): Earth behaves as a huge magnet.
19. Assertion (A): A compass needle when placed on the magnetic north pole of the
earth Rotates in vertical direction.
Reason (R): The earth has only horizontal component of its magnetic field at the
north pole.
20. Assertion (A): At neutral point, a compass needle points out in any arbitrary
direction.
Reason (R): The earth has only horizontal component of its magnetic field at the
natural points.
UNIT-4 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION & A.C
MCQS
1. Whenever the magnetic flux linked with an electric circuit changes, an emf is
induced in the circuit. This is called
(a) electromagnetic induction (c) hysteresis loss

(b) lenz’s law (d) kirchhoff’s laws
2. In electromagnetic induction, the induced charge is independent of
(a) change of flux (c) resistance of the coil

(b) time. (d) None of these
3. An induced e.m.f. is produced when a magnet is plunged into a coil. The strength of
the induced e.m.f. is independent of
(a) the strength of the magnet
(b) number of turns of coil
(c) the resistivity of the wire of the coil
(d) speed with which the magnet is moved
4. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
(a) electric field is produced by time varying magnetic flux.
(b) magnetic field is produced by time varying electric flux.
(c) magnetic field is associated with a moving charge.
(d) None of these
5. A moving conductor coil produces an induced e.m.f. This is
in accordance with
(a) Lenz’s law (c) Coulomb’s law

(b) Faraday’s law (d) Ampere’s law
6. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a battery. If it is taken to galvanometer, its

pointer is deflected, because
(a) the induced current is produced
(b) the coil acts like a magnet
(c) the number of turns in the coil of the galvanometer are changed
(d) None of these
7. The polarity of induced emf is given by
(a) Ampere’s circuital law (c) Lenz’s law
(b) Biot - Savart law (d) Fleming’s right hand rule
8. The self inductance of a coil is a measure of
(a) electrical inertia (c) induced e.m.f.

(b) electrical friction (d) induced current
9. The coils in resistance boxes are made from doubled insulated wire to nullify the
effect of
(a) heating (c) pressure

(b) magnetism (d) self induced e.m.f.
10. Two pure inductors each of self inductance L are connected in series, the net
inductance is
(a) L (c) L/2

(b) 2 L (d) L/4
11. In which of the following circuits the maximum power dissipation is observed?
(a) Pure capacitive circuit (c) Pure resistive circuit

(b) Pure inductive circuit (d) None of these
12. With increase in frequency of an A.C. supply, the inductive reactance
(a) decreases
(b) increases directly with frequency
(c) increases as square of frequency
(d) decreases inversely with frequency
13. If the frequency of an A.C. is made 4 times of its initial value, the inductive
reactance will
(a) be 4 times (c) be half

(b) be 2 times (d) remain the same
14. A capacitor acts as an infinite resistance for
(a) DC (c) DC as well as AC

(b) AC (d) neither AC nor DC
15. The capacitive reactance in an A.C. circuit is
(a) effective resistance due to capacity
(b) effective wattage
(c) effective voltage
(d) None of these
16. Of the following about capacitive reactance which is correct?
(a) The reactance of the capacitor is directly proportional to its ability to store charge
(b) Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency of the current
(c) Capacitive reactance is measured in farad(d) The reactance of a capacitor in an A.C.
circuit is similar to the resistance of a capacitor in a D.C. circuit
17. Phase difference between voltage and current in a capacitor in an ac circuit is
(a) π
(b) π/2
(c) 0
(d) π/3
18. A capacitor has capacitance C and reactance X, if capacitance and frequency

become double, then reactance will be
(a) 4X (c) X/4

(b) X/2 (d) 2X
19. When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to the capacitor C, then

(a) the maximum voltage between plates is 220 V.
(b) the current is in phase with the applied voltage.
(c) the charge on the plate is not in phase with the applied voltage.
(d) power delivered to the capacitor per cycle is zero.
20. In LCR circuit if resistance increases quality factor
(a) increases finitely (c) remains constant

(b) decreases finitely (d) None of these
21. In a series, LC -circuit, the power factor is
(1) infinite (2) zero (3) four (4) none of these
22. electric potential due a dipole at its mid-point is

(1)- zero (2) infinite (3) 4V ( 4 ) none of these
23. An electron is revolving in an orbit of radius 2 x 10-10 m with frequency 100 Hz the
the value of magnetic field at the center of the orbit -------
24. There are n similar conductors each of resistance R . The resultant resistance
comes out to be x when connected in parallel . If they are connected in series , the
resistance comes out to be -----------------
25. In a series, LCR-circuit, resonant frequency depends on

𝐿 1 𝐿
(1) (2) √𝐿𝐶 (3) (4) √𝐶
𝐶 √𝐿𝐶
26. Choose the correct answer
(a)-A capacitor can conduct a dc circuit but not an inductor
(b)-in a dc circuit the inductor can conduct but not a capacitor
(c)-In a dc circuit both the capacitor and inductor cannot conduct
27. Total number of electrons in 20 C of charge is …………………
28. Which of the following does not represents electrical power

(a) I2R (b) IR2 (c) IV (d) V2/R
29. When a 12 volt battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current
of 2.5 mA in a circuit. Then the value of resistance-
( a ) 4800 ohm (b) 22000 ohm (c) 22698 ohm (d

) none of these
30. A battery of 9 volt is connected in series with resistors of 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 and 12 Ohm
respectively. Then current through the 12 Ohm resister is -
(1) 0.67 A (2) 0.56 A (3 8.5 A (4)

6.89 A
31. How many 176 Ohm resister in parallel are required to carry current 5 A on a 220
V line …………………………………
32. If length of a resister doubled and cross section area is also doubled then
resistance……….
33. S.I. unit of electric power is JOULE. TRUE/ FALSE
34. If length is increased then Resistivity -

(1) remains constant (2) will decrease (3) will increase (4)
None of these
35. The device used to maintain the potential difference in electrical circuit is ..
(1) Electrical cell (2) Battery (3) both Electrical cell and Battery
(4) None of these
36. Specific resistance depends on ….
(1) Temperature (2) Cross section area (3 ) length (4)

None of these
37. Biot –Savart law indicates that the moving electrons with velocity v produce a
magnetic field B such that
(1) B ⊥ 𝑣 (2) B∥𝑣 ( 3) it does not obey inverse cube law

( 4)-none of these
38. The graph between current I verses voltage v dose not pass through origin
( 1 ) It is non ohmic ( 2 ) It follows ohm ‘ s law (3 ) ) cannot be said

(4 ) None of these
39. Kirchhoff ’s junction rule is a reflection of
(a) conservation of current density

(b) conservation of charge.
(c) law of conservation of energy.
(d) none of the above
40. G1 , G2 , G3 are the conductances of three conductors then their equivalent
conductance when they are connected in parallel is …..
( a ) zero ( b ) G1 + G2 + G3 ( c ) G2 + G3 (d) none

of these
41. Two different wires X and Y of same diameter but of different material are joined
in series across a battery . If number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y, then
the ratio of drift velocity of electron is
(a) 1: 2 ( b) 3:5 (c) 4:3 (d) none of

these
42. Whenever the flux linked with a circuit changes, there is an induced emf in the
circuit. This emf in the circuit lasts
(a) for a very short duration
(b) for a long duration
(c) forever
(d) as long as the magnetic flux in the circuit changes.
43. An emf is produced in a coil, which is not connected to an external voltage
source. This can be due to
(a) the coil being in a time varying magnetic field.
(b) the coil moving in a time varying magnetic field.
(c) the coil moving in a constant magnetic field.
(d) all of the above
44. Lenz's law is essential for
(a) conservation of energy
(b) conservation of mass
(c) conservation of momentum
(d) conservation of charge
45. Inductance plays the role of
(a) inertia
(c) source of emf
(b) friction
(d) force
46. The mutual inductance of two coils depends upon
(a) medium between coils
(b) separation between coils
(c) both on (a) and (b)
(d) none of (a) and (b)
47. Due to relative motion of a magnet with respect to a coil, an emf is induced in
the coil. Identify the principle involved.
(a) Gauss's law
(b) Biot-Savart law
(c) Ampere’s circuital law
(d) Faraday's law
48. In Faraday's experiment of electromagnetic induction, more deflection will be
shown by
galvanometer, when
(a) magnet is in uniform motion towards the coil
(b) magnet is in accelerated motion towards the coil
(c) magnet is in uniform motion away from the coil
(d) magnet is at rest near the coil
49. If both the number of turns and core length of an inductor is doubled keeping
other factors constant, then its self-inductance will be
(a) halved
(b) quadrupled
(c) unaffected
(d) doubled
50. Oscillating metallic pendulum in a uniform magnetic field directed
perpendicular to the plane of oscillation
(a) remains unaffected
(b) oscillates with changing frequency
(c) slows down
(d) becomes faster
51. In R-L-C series ac circuit, impedance cannot be increased by
(a) Current and voltage are in phase
(b) Decreasing frequency of source
(c) Increasing the resistance
(d) Increasing eh voltage of the source
52.Electrical energy is transmitted over large distances at high alternating voltages.
Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(a) For a given power level, there is a lower current.
(b) Lower current implies less power loss.
(c) It is easy to reduce the voltage at the receiving end using step-down
transformers.
(d) All of these
53. In a pure inductive circuit, the current
(a) lags behind the applied emf by an angle π
(c) leads the applied emf by an angle π/2
(b) lags behind the applied emf by an angle π /2
(d) and applied emf are in same phase
54. A choke coil is a coil having
(a) low inductance and high resistance
(b) low inductance and low resistance
(c) high inductance and high resistance
(d) high inductance and negligible or small resistance
55. The core used in transformers and other electromagnetic devices are laminated
(a) to increase the magnetic field
(b) to increase the level of magnetic saturation of the core
(c) to reduce the magnetism in the core
(d) to reduce eddy current losses in the core
56. An alternating voltage is connected in series with a resistance R and an
inductance L. If the potential drop across the resistance is 200 volts and across the
inductance. is 150 volt, the applied voltage is:
(a) 250 V
(b) 300 V
(c) 350 V
(d) 500 V
57. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohm and an inductance of 2.0
henry. If an ac voltage of 120 volt and frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit,
the current in the circuit would be nearly
(a) 0.32 A
(b) 0:16 A
(c) 0.48 A
(d) 0.80 A
58. When 100 volt dc is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 A flows in it.
When 100 volt ac is applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A If the
frequency of ac source is 50 Hz, the impedance and inductance of solenoid are:
(a) 200 Ω and 0.55 henry
(b) 100 Ω and 0.86 henry
(c) 200 Ω and 1.0 henry
(d) 100 Ω and 0.93 henry
59. An electric fan is:
(a) electric motor
(b) electric generator
(c) an accelerator
(d) based on electromagnetic induction
60. A transformer is used to
(a) convert ac into do
(b) convert de into ac
(c) to step up or down dc voltage
(d) to step up or down ac voltage
61. In a transformer, the number of turns in the primary are 140 and that in secondary are 280. If the current in the
primary is 4 A; the current in secondary is:
(a) 4A
(b) 2 A
(c) 6 A
(d) 10 A
Case 1 Electromagnetic induction is defined as the production of an electromotive force across
an electric conductor in the changing magnetic field. The discovery of induction was done by
Michael Faraday in the year 1831. Electromagnetic induction finds many applications such as in
electrical components which includes transformers, inductors, and other devices such as electric
motors and generators.
Alternating current is defined as an electric current which reverses in direction periodically. In
most of the electric power circuits, the waveform of alternating current is the sine wave.
1. How to increase the energy stored in an inductor by four times?

(a) By doubling the current
(b) This is not possible
(c) By doubling the inductance
(d) By making current 2–√ times
2. Consider an inductor whose linear dimensions are tripled and the total number of turns
per unit length is kept constant, what happens to the self-inductance?
(a) 9 times
(b) 3 times
(c) 27 times
(d) 13 times
3. Lenz law is based on which of the following conservation>

(a) Charge (c) Momentum
(b) Mass (d) Energy
4. What will be the acceleration of the falling bar magnet which passes through the ring
such that the ring is held horizontally and the bar magnet is dropped along the axis of the
ring?
(a) It depends on the diameter of the ring and the length of the magnet
(b) It is equal due to gravity
(c) It is less than due to gravity
(d) It is more than due to gravity
Case 2: A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km
away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wire line
carrying power is 0.5Ω per km. The town gets power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-
down transformer at a sub-station in the town.
1. The current flowing the two wire supply line is
a) 160 A b) 200A c) 20A d) 2000A
2. The line power loss in the form of heat is
a) 600 kW b) 1000kW c) 1400 kW d) 400 kW
3. How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss
due to leakage?
a) 600 kW b) 1000kW c) 1400 kW d) 400 kW
4. Characterize the step up transformer at the plant.
a) 440-6000 V b) 440-5000 V c) 440-7000 V d) 440-8000 V
5. If the sub-station of town starts supplying power to the town using a 8000-220 V step
down transformer then estimated line power loss in the form of heat will change to
a) 200 kW b) 100 kW c) 50 kW d) 150 kW
Case3. Mutual Inductance Mutual inductance is the phenomenon of
inducing emf in a coil, due to a change of current in the neighbouring coil.
The amount of mutual inductance that links one coil to another depends
very much on the relative positioning of the two coils, their geometry and
relative separation between them. Mutual inductance between the two coils
increases 𝜇, times if the coils are wound over an iron core of relative
permeability 𝜇r
(i) A short solenoid of radius a, number of turns per unit length n 1, and
length L is kept coaxially inside a very long solenoid of radius b, number of
turns per unit length n2. What is the mutual inductance of the system?
(a) 𝜇𝜋𝑏 2 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝐿
(b) 𝜇𝜋𝑎2 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝐿2
(c) 𝜇𝜋𝑎2 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝐿
(d) 𝜇0𝜋𝑏 2 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝐿2
(ii) If a change in current of 0.01 A in one coil produces a change in

magnetic flux of 2 x 10-2 weber in another coil, then the mutual inductance
between coils is
(a) 0
(b) 0.5 H
(c) 2 H
(d) 3 H
(iii) Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by
(a) decreasing the number of turns in the coils
(b) increasing the number of turns in the coils
(c) winding the coils on wooden cores
(d) none of these.
(iv) When a sheet of iron is placed in between the two co-axial coils, then
the mutual inductance between the coils will
(a) increase
(b) decrease
(c) remains same
(d) cannot be predicted
(v) The SI unit of mutual inductance is
(a) ohm
(b) mho
(c) henry
(d) none of these
Case4. Eddy Currents and their Effects Currents can be induced not only in
conducting coils, but also in conducting sheets or blocks. Current is
induced in solid metallic masses when the magnetic flux threading through
them changes. Such currents flow in the form of irregularly shaped loops
throughout the body of the metal. These currents look like eddies or
whirlpools in water so they are known as eddy currents. Eddy currents
have both undesirable effects and practically useful applications. For
example it causes unnecessary heating and wastage of power in electric
motors, dynamos and in the cores of transtormers.
(i) The working of speedometers of trains is based on
(a) wattless currents
(b) eddy currents
(c) alternating currents
(d) pulsating currents
(ii) Identify the wrong statement.
(a) Eddy currents are produced in a steady magnetic field.
(b) Induction furnace uses eddy currents to produce heat.
(c) Eddy currents can be used to produce braking force in moving trains.
(d) Power meters work on the principle of eddy currents.
(iii) Which of the following is the best method to reduce eddy currents?
(a) Laminating core
(b) Using thick wires
(c) By reducing hysteresis loss
(d) None of these
(iv) The direction of eddy currents is given by
(a) Fleming's left hand rule
(b) Biot-Savart law
(c) Lenz's law
(d) Ampere-circuital law

(v) Eddy currents can be used to heat localised tissues of the human body.
This branch of medical therapy is called
(a) Hyperthermia
(b) Diathermy
(c) Inductothermy
(d) none of these
Case5. Self Induction When a current I flows through a coil, flux linked with
it is ∅= LI, where L is a constant known as self inductance of the coil. Any
change in current sets up an induced emf in the coil. Thus, self inductance
of a coil is the induced emf set up in it when the current passing through it
changes at the unit rate. It is a measure of the opposition to the growth or
the decay of current flowing through the coil. Also, value of self inductance
depends on the number of turns in the solenoid, its area of cross-section
and the relative permeability of its core material.
(i) The inductance in a coil plays the same role as
(a) inertia in mechanics
(b) energy in mechanics
(c) momentum in mechanics
(d) force in mechanics
A current of 2.5 A flows through a coil of inductance 5 H. The magnetic flux

linked with the coil is
(a) 0.5 Wb
(b) 12.5 Wb
(c) zero
(d) 2 Wb
iii) The inductance L of a solenoid depends upon its radius Ras
(a) L∝R
(b) L∝1/R
(c) L∝R2
(d) L∝R3
iv) The unit of self-inductance is
(a) weber ampere
(b) weber- ampere
(c) ohm second
(d) farad
v) The induced e.m.f. in a coil of 10 henry inductance in which current

varies from 9 A to 4 A in 0.2 second is
(a) 200 V
(b) 250 V
(c) 300 V
(d) 350 V
Case6. The Experiments of Faraday and Henry In year 1820 Oersted

discovered the magnetic effect of current. Faraday gave the thought that
reverse of this phenomenon is also possible i.e., current can also be
produced by magnetic field. Faraday showed that when we move a magnet
towards the coil which is connected by a sensitive galvanometer. The
galvanometer gives instantaneous deflection showing that there is an
electric current in the loop. Whenever relative motion between coil and
magnet takes place an emf induced in coil. If coil is in closed circuit then
current is also induced in the circuit. This phenomenon is called
electromagnetic induction.
(i) The north pole of a long bar magnet was pushed slowly into a short
solenoid connected to a galvanometer.
The magnet was held stationary for a few seconds with the north pole in
the middle of the solenoid and then withdrawn rapidly. The maximum
deflection of the galvanometer was observed when the magnet was
(a) moving towards the solenoid
(b) moving into the solenoid
(c) at rest inside the solenoid
(d) moving out of the solenoid.
(ii) Two similar circular loops carry equal currents in the same direction. On
moving the coils further apart, the electric current will
(a) remain unaltered
(b) increases in one and decreases in the second

(c) increase in both
(d) decrease in both.
(iii) A closed iron ring is held horizontally and a bar magnet is dropped
through the ring with its length along the axis of the ring. The acceleration
of the falling magnet is.
(a) equal to g (b) less than g
(c) more than g
(d) depends on the diameter of the ring and length of magnet.
(iv) Whenever there is a relative motion between a coil and a magnet, the
magnitude of induced emf set up in the coil does not depend upon the
(a) relative speed between the coil and magnet
(b) magnetic moment of the coil
(c) resistance of the coil
(d) number of turns in the coil.
(v) A coil of metal wire is kept stationary in a non-uniform magnetic field
(a) an emf and current both are induced in the coil
(b) a current but no emf is induced in the coil
(c) an emf but no current is induced in the coil
(d) neither emf nor current is induced in the coil.
Case7 . Motional EMF from Lorentz Force The emf induced across the
ends of a conductor due to its motion in a magnetic field is called motional
emf. It is produced due to the magnetic Lorentz force acting on the free
electrons of the conductor. For a circuit shown in figure, if a conductor of
length / moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B perpendicular to both its
length and the direction of the magnetic field, then all the induced
parametres are possible in the circuit.
(i) Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a magnetic field is found
using
(a) Fleming's left hand rule
(b) Fleming's right hand rule
(c) Ampere's rules
(d) Right hand clasp rule
(ii) A conducting rod of length / is moving in a transverse magnetic field of

strength B with velocity v. The resistance of the rod is R. The current in the
rod is
𝐵𝑙𝑣
(a) 𝑅
(b) Blv
(c) zero
𝐵2 𝑣 2 𝑙 2
(d)
𝑅
(iii) A 0.1 m long conductor carrying a current of 50 A is held perpendicular

to a magnetic field of 1.25 ml. The mechanical power required to move the
conductor with a speed of 1 ms-1is
(a) 62.5 mW
(b) 625 mW
(d) 12.5 mW
(iv) A bicycle generator creates 1.5 V at 15 km/hr. The EMF generated at

10 km/hr is
(a) 1.5 volts
(b) 2 volts
(c) 0.5 volts
(d) 1 volt
(v) The dimensional formula for emf & in MKS system will be
(a) [ML2T-3A-1]
(b) [ML2T-1A]
(c) [ML2A]
(d) [MLT-2A-2]
Case 8. Average Power Associated with an Inductor and Capacitor
The power averaged over one full cycle of a.c. is known as average power.
𝑉0 𝐼0
It is also known as true power. Pav=Vrms Irms cos ∅ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
2
Root mean square or simply rms watts refer to continuous power. A circuit
containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 𝜇F capacitor in series is connected to
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.
(i) The value of current amplitude is
(a) 15 A
(b) 11.63 A
(c) 17.65 A
(d) 6.33 A
(ii) Find rms value.
(a) 6 A
(b) 5.25 A
(c) 8.23 A
(d) 7.52 A
(iii) The average power transferred to inductor is
(a) zero
(b) 7W
(c) 2.5 W
(d) 5 W
(iv) The average power transferred to the capacitor is
(a) 5W .
(b) zero
(c) 11 W
(d) 15 W
(v) What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit?
(a) zero
(b) 10 W
(c) 2.5 W
(d) 15 W
Case 9. Transformer A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot

work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It does not affect
the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A
transformer essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having
different number of turns and wound on the same soft iron core. The
number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer
are 2000 and 50 respectively, The primary coil is connected to a main
supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of resistance 0. 6
Ω
(i) The value of voltage across the secondary coil is
(a) 5v
(b) 2 v
(c) 3v
(d) 10v
(ii) The value of current in the bulb is
(a) 7A
(d) 15A
(c) 3A
(d) 5A
(iii) The value of current in primary coil is

(a) 0.125 A
(b) 2.52 A
(c) 1.51A
(d) 3.52A
(iv) Power in primary coil is
(a) 20 W
(b) 5 W
(c) 10 W
(d) 15 W
(v) Power in secondary coil is
(a) 15 W
(b) 20 W
(c) 7W
(d) 8W
Case 10.Resonant Series LCR Circuit When the frequency of ac supply is

such that the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance become equal,
the impedance of the series LCR circuit is equal to the ohmic resistance in
the circuit. Such a series LCR circuit is known as resonant series LCR
circuit and the frequency of the ac supply is known as resonant frequency.
Resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only if both L and Care
present in the circuit. We cannot have resonance in a RL or RC circuit.
A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12 H, C = 480 nF, R = 23 Ω is connected to

a 230 V variable frequency supply.
(i) Find the value of source frequency for which current amplitude is
maximum.
(a) 222.32 Hz
(b) 550.52 Hz
(c) 663.48 Hz
(d) 770 Hz
(ii) The value of maximum current is
(a) 14.14 A
(b) 22.52 A
(c) 50.25 A
(d) 47.41 A
(ii) The value of maximum power is
(a) 2200 W
(b) 2299.3 W
(c) 5500 W
(d) 4700 W
(iv) What is the Q-factor of the given circuit?
(a) 25
(b) 42.21
(c) 35.42
(d) 21.74
(V) At resonance which of the following physical quantity is maximum?
(a) Impedance
(b) Current
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Case 11. Step-down Transformer in the Transmission of Electric Power Step-

down transformers are used to decrease or step-down voltages. These are
used when voltages need to be lowered for use in homes and factories. A
small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated
15 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The
resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5 2 per km. The town
gets power from the line through a 4000 - 220 V step-down transformer at a
sub-station in the town.
(i) "The value of total resistance of the wires is
(a) 25
(b) 300
(c) 350
(d) 152
(ii) The line power loss in the form of heat is
(a) 550 kW
(b) 650 kW
(c) 600 kW
(d) 700 kW
(iii) How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible
power loss due to leakage?
(a) 600 kW
(b) 1600 kW
(c) 500 W
(d) 1400 kW
(iv) The voltage drop in the power line is
(a) 1700 V
(b) 3000 V
(c) 2000 V
(d) 2800 V
(v) The total value of voltage transmitted from the plant is
(a) 500 V
(b) 4000 V
(c) 3000 V
(d) 7000 V
Case 12. Power Associated with LCR Circuit In an ac. circuit, values of
voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c.
circuit at any instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and
instantaneous current (1. The average power supplied to a pure resistance
Rover a complete cycle of a.c. is P- Ey Iy When circuit is inductive, average
power per cycle is Ey Iy cos∅
In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 uF capacitor are connected in

series with 10 resistance. The ac supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.
(i) The average power transferred per cycle to resistance is

(a) 10.42 W
(b) 15.25 W
(c) 17.42 W
(d) 13.45 W
(ii) The average power transferred per cycle to capacitor is
(a) zero
(b) 10.42 W
(c) 17.42 W
(d) 15W
(iii) The average power transferred per cycle to inductor is
(a) 25 W
(b) 17.42 W
(c) 16.52 W
(d) zero
(iv) The total power transferred per cycle by all the three circuit elements is
(a) 17.42 W
(b) 10.45 W
(c) 12.45 W
(d) zero
(v) The electrical energy spend in running the circuit for one hour is
(a) 7.5 x 10 Joule
(b) 10 x 10 Joule
(c) 9.4 x 10 Joule
(d) 6.2 x 10' Joule
ASSERTION-REASON
Out of the following statements, mark the correct Answers as-
A - if both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of the
Assertion.
B - if both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of
Assertion.
C - if Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D - if both Assertion and Reason are false.
1. Assertion- Making and breaking of current in a coil produce no momentary current in the
neighboring coil of another circuit
Reason -- Momentary current in the neighboring coil of another circuit is an eddy
current
2. Assertion- Eddy current is produced in any metallic conductor when magnetic flux is
changed around it
Reason -- Electric potential determine the flow of charge
3. Assertion- Faraday laws are consequence of conservation of energy
Reason -- In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current lags behind the emf in phase
4. Assertion- Inductance coil are made of copper

Reason -- Induced current is more in wire having less resistance
5. Assertion- A spark occur between the poles of a switch when the switch is opened
Reason -- Current flowing in the conductor produce magnetic field
6. Assertion- An induced emf is generated when magnet is withdrawn from the solenoid
Reason -- The relative motion between the magnet and solenoid induced emf
7. Assertion- A transformer can’t work on DC supply

Reason -- DC changes neither in magnitude nor in direction
8. Assertion- A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in AC circuit in the place of

choke coil
Reason -- A capacitor blocks DC and allows only AC
9. Assertion- Average value of AC over a complete cycle is always zero

Reason – Average value of AC is always defined over half cycle
10. Assertion- In LCR circuit resonance can take place

Reason -- resonance can take place if inductance and capacitive reactance are equal and
opposite
11. Assertion (A): When two coils are wound on each other, the mutual induction
between the coils is maximum.
Reason (R): Mutual induction does not depend on the orientation of the coils.
12. Assertion (A): An induced emf is generated when magnet is with draw from the
solenoid.
Reason (R): The relative motion between magnet and solenoid induces emf.
13. Assertion (A): A copper sheet is placed in a magnetic field. If we pull it out of
field or push it into the field, we experience an opposing force.
Reason (R): According to lenz’s law, eddy current produced in sheet oppose the
motion of the sheet.
14. Assertion (A): Changing magnetic flux can produce indued e.m.f..
Reason (R): Faraday established induced e.m.f. experimentally.
15. Assertion (A): Induced e.m.f. increases with increase in number of turns of coil.
Reason (R): Induced e.m.f. increases with increase in number of turns of coil.
16. Assertion (A): The alternating current lags behind the e.mf by a phase angle of
𝜋/2, when A.C. flows through an inductor.
Reason (R): The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of A.C. source
decreases.
17. Assertion (A): Capacitor serves as a block for D.C. and offers an easy path to
A.C.
Reason (R): Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
Assertion (A) When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in
LCR series circuit, e.m.f. leads the current.
18. Assertion (A): At resonance, LCR series circuit have a maximum current.
Reason (R): At resonance, in LCR series circuit the current and e.m.f are in lease
with each other.
19. Assertion (A): An electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and
A.C. source, its brightness increases with increase in capacitance.
20. Assertion (A): soft iron is used as a core of transformer.
Reason (R): Area of hysteresis loop for soft is small.

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MODERN SCHOOL

Physics Assignment Class-XII (2021-2022)

22. A hemispherical surface of radius R is placed with its cross-section perpendicular to a

(a) a force but not a torque

(b) a torque but not a force.

(c) always a force and a torque

(d) neither a force nor a torque.

(a) 2F (b) F/2 (c) F/4 (d) F/8

28. An electric dipole consisting of charge +q and –q separated by a distance r , is kept

a) These are not point charges.

b) Charges distribution on the spheres is not uniform

a) net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium

c) net charge enclosed only

d) permittivity of the medium only

(a) zero (b) 2 V (c) 4.5 V (d) 9V

𝑄1+𝑄2 Q 1+Q2 𝑄1−𝑄2 Q1−Q2

(a) (n+1) C (b) (n-1) C (c) n C (d) C

(a) 4:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:4

36. An electric dipole consisting of charge +q and –q separated by a distance L is in stable

(a) qLE (b) zero (c) –qLE (d) -2qEL

1 𝑄𝑞0 1 √3 𝑄𝑞0 1 √3 𝑄𝑞0

1 𝑄𝑄0 1 𝑄𝑄0 𝑄𝑄2

CASE BASED QUESTIONS:

the given figure

1. Charge on a body which carries 200 excess electrons is:

1. Resistivity is independent of:

Case 5 - Read carefully and give answers of ANY FOUR questions –

Whenever magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit changes, an e m f is

[1.6 x 10-19 "C]i.e.

(iv) Electric lines of force are curved

(a) EA> EB> EC

(i) At which of the points 1, 2 and 3 is the electric field is zero?

(i) Identify the wrong statement.

(a) decreases the electric field between the plates

13. Assertion: The total charge stored in a capacitor is zero.

19. Assertion: Faraday’s laws are consequence of conservation of energy.

Reason®: Electron is lighter than proton.

Reason (R): Electric field is non-zero inside a charged conductor.

Reason (R): Electric potential is a vector quantity.

28. Assertion (A): Electric potential of the earth is zero.

Reason (R): The electric field due to the earth is zero.

Reason (R): Capacitance of capacitor is inversely proportional to distance

Physics Assignment Class-XII (2021-2022)

2. In the series combination of two or more than two resistances

5. In parallel combination of n cells, we obtain

11. A charge is moving across a junction, then

12. Which of the following I-V graph represents ohmic conductors?

(a) ohmic conductors

15. The resistivity of alloy manganin is

16. The number of electrons that constitute 1 A of current is:

18. Siemen is the unit of:

23. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. Student chooses the

(a) He should measure l1, more accurately.

(b) He should change S to 1000 Ω and repeat the experiment.

(c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.

24. Two cells of emf's approximately 5 V and 10 V are to be accurately compared

25. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a

(b) Thermal velocity alone

(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity

(d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity.