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1. Parliament of India has been empowered to amend the Constitution under which Article?
Article 368 empowers the Parliament to amend the Constitution.
2. Name the Act passed as a measure of gratitude for India’s role in World War I.
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms Act (Government of India Act, 1919) was passed as a gesture of
gratitude for India’s role in World War I.
3. Who proposed the idea of a Constituent Assembly in 1934?

The idea of a Constituent Assembly was proposed by M. N. Roy in 1934.
4. When was the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly held?

The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946.
5. Who was the first President of the Constituent Assembly?

Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha served as the first provisional President of the Constituent Assembly.
6. Who was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly?

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.
7. How much total time was taken for the Constitution to complete?
It took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to complete the Constitution.
8. Name the major committees and their chairmen of the Constituent Assembly.
• Drafting Committee: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

• Union Constitution Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Union Powers Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Provincial Constitution Committee: Sardar Patel
• Fundamental Rights Committee: J. B. Kripalani
9. When was the Constitution adopted, and what is this day known for? How many members signed
the Constitution on that day?
The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, celebrated as Constitution Day. It was signed by
284 members.
10. What is the Preamble, and what is written in it?
The Preamble is the introductory statement of the Constitution that outlines its objectives, such as Justice,
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
11. What do you understand by constitutional law and constitutionalism?
• Constitutional law refers to the laws that define the structure and powers of the government.
• Constitutionalism is the principle that government authority is derived from and limited by a
constitution.
12. Explain in brief the purpose and provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935.
• Established federal structure with provincial autonomy.

• Introduced bicameral legislatures in provinces.
• Provided for an All-India Federation.
13. What was the ‘August Offer’? Briefly explain the Enactment of the Constitution.
• The August Offer (1940) proposed granting dominion status to India after the war.
• The Constitution was enacted on January 26, 1950.
14. Enumerate salient features of the Constitution.
• Lengthiest Constitution
• Federal structure with unitary bias
• Parliamentary form of government
• Fundamental Rights and Duties
• Directive Principles of State Policy
15. Enlist the fundamental rights and their features.
• Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

• Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
16. Which Fundamental Right is deleted, and under which Amendment? Discuss Right to Equality
under Article 14.
The Right to Property was deleted as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Amendment (1978).
Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
17. Enlist Fundamental Duties and their significance.
Fundamental Duties include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and safeguarding public
property. They emphasize citizens' responsibilities.
18. How are Directive Principles of State Policy criticized?
• Non-justiciable
• Often seen as vague and idealistic
19. What do you mean by Federal Structure? What are federal features of the Constitution?
A federal structure divides powers between central and state governments. Federal features include a
written constitution, bicameral legislature, and independent judiciary.
20. Canadian vs. American Federal Model: Indian Federation Resemblance
• Canadian federation emphasizes central dominance, akin to India.

• American federation ensures equality of states, unlike India.
21. Non-federal features of the Indian Constitution
• Strong Centre
• Single citizenship
• Integrated judiciary
22. Classifications under which centre-state relations are studied:
• Legislative
• Administrative
• Financial
23. Four aspects in centre-state legislative relations:
• Union List
• State List
• Concurrent List
• Residuary powers
24. Write a note on Distribution of Legislative Subjects.

The 7th Schedule divides legislative subjects into Union, State, and Concurrent Lists.
25. How are taxing powers divided?
Centre and states share taxes like GST, while some taxes are exclusive to the Centre (e.g., income tax) or
states (e.g., property tax).
26. Procedure for amendment of constitutional powers:

Outlined in Article 368, it includes:
• Simple majority
• Special majority
• Ratification by states
27. Five important amendments:
• 42nd Amendment (1976): Strengthened DPSPs

• 44th Amendment (1978): Revoked Right to Property
• 73rd & 74th Amendments: Local self-governance
• 101st Amendment: Introduced GST
28. Features of Parliamentary Government:
• Collective responsibility
• Leadership by Prime Minister
• Bicameral legislature
29. Constitutional powers of the President:

The President has executive, legislative, judicial, and emergency powers, acting on advice of the Council
of Ministers.
30. National Emergency vs. President’s Rule:

National Emergency impacts entire nation, while President’s Rule applies to a specific state.
31. Effects of National Emergency on Centre-State Relations:
• Centralization of power
• Suspension of state powers
32. Types of Urban Governments & Municipal Corporation:
• Municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards manage urban governance.

33. Failure of Constitutional Machinery:
It refers to the inability of a state to function per constitutional provisions, leading to President’s Rule.
34. Emergency powers of the President:

Include powers during National, State, or Financial emergencies, enabling central intervention.
Let me know if you need detailed explanations on any of these topics!

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1. Parliament of India has been empowered to amend the Constitution under which Article?

Article 368 empowers the Parliament to amend the Constitution.

3. Who proposed the idea of a Constituent Assembly in 1934?

4. When was the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly held?

5. Who was the first President of the Constituent Assembly?

6. Who was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly?

• Drafting Committee: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

11. What do you understand by constitutional law and constitutionalism?

• Established federal structure with provincial autonomy.

14. Enumerate salient features of the Constitution.

15. Enlist the fundamental rights and their features.

• Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

18. How are Directive Principles of State Policy criticized?

20. Canadian vs. American Federal Model: Indian Federation Resemblance

• Canadian federation emphasizes central dominance, akin to India.

21. Non-federal features of the Indian Constitution

22. Classifications under which centre-state relations are studied:

23. Four aspects in centre-state legislative relations:

24. Write a note on Distribution of Legislative Subjects.

26. Procedure for amendment of constitutional powers:

27. Five important amendments:

• 42nd Amendment (1976): Strengthened DPSPs

28. Features of Parliamentary Government:

29. Constitutional powers of the President:

30. National Emergency vs. President’s Rule:

31. Effects of National Emergency on Centre-State Relations:

32. Types of Urban Governments & Municipal Corporation:

• Municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards manage urban governance.

34. Emergency powers of the President:

Let me know if you need detailed explanations on any of these topics!

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