SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 3

Q. 1. (A)
(i) (A)
(ii) (B)
(iii) (D)
(iv) (D)
(v) (A)
Q. 1. (B)
(i) Weather satellite
(ii) Reduction – (b) Combination with hydrogen

(iii) 
Neutralization [Reflection, refraction and dispersion are properties of light
while neutralization is a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic
compound.]
(iv) False [ v › ve]

(v) Centripetal force.

Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) In cold countries, in winter, the temperature of the atmosphere falls below
0°C. When the temperature of water falls below 4°C, it expands. Hence, the
water in pipes expands. Even if ice is formed, there is an increase in the
volume.

(2) As there is no room for expansion, water (or ice) exerts a large pressure on
the pipes. Hence, the pipelines carrying water burst.

(ii) (1) The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electron in

the outermost shell of an atom of an element.

(2) All the elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons.
Therefore, elements in the same group should have the same valency.
For example, the elements of group I contain only one valence electron; the
valency of elements of group I is one. Similarly for group II, the valency is
two.

(iii) (1) A fuse is used to protect a circuit and the appliances connected in the circuit
by stopping the flow of an excessive electric current. For this, a fuse is
connected in series in the circuit.

(2) When the current in the circuit passes through the fuse, its temperature
increases. When the current exceeds the specified value, the fuse must melt
to break the circuit. For this, the material used for a fuse has low melting
point.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B)
(i)
AC generator DC generator
1. In an AC generator, the rings used 1. 
In a DC generator, split rings are
are not split. used.
2. The direction of the current 2. The current produced flows in the
produced reverses after equal same direction all the time.
intervals of time.
(ii) The mass of water vapour present in a unit volume of air is called absolute
humidity. Generally it is expressed in kg / m3.

(iii) Given : The absolute refractive index of water (n) = 1.36

Velocity of light in vacuum (v1) = 3 × 108 m/s
v
Formula : n = 1
v2
3 × 108
∴ 1.36 =
v2
3 × 108
∴ v2 = = 2.21 × 108 m/s
1.36
The velocity of light in water is 2.21×108 m/s.

(iv) In hydrocarbon, the four valencies of carbon atom are satisfied only by the single
bonds, such compounds are called saturated hydrocarbons.
For example : Methane molecule contains only one carbon atom. In methane,
four hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon atom by four covalent bonds.
H H H

H C H H C C H

H H H
Methane Ethane

(v) (1) In the figure, process of Electroplating is shown.

(2) The process in which a less reactive metal is coated on a more reactive metal
by electrolysis is called electroplating.

Q. 3.
(i) Data : t = 1s, g = 10 m / s2, u = 0 m / s,
s = ?, v = ?
1 1
(1) s = ut + gt 2= gt 2 for u = 0 m / s
2 2
1
∴ s = × 10 m / s2 × ( 1 s ) 2= 5 m
2
∴ The height of the table = 5 m.

(2) v = u + at = u + gt
= 0 m / s + (10 m / s2 × 1 s)
= 10 m / s
The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground= 10 m / s.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
 (ii) (a) An element X is Sodium (Na).
An element Y is Lithium (Li).

(b) Yes, these elements belong to the same group (group I) as they have the same
number of valence electrons.

(c) Element X is more electropositive than Y. This is because while going down the
group, electropositivity increases with increase in atomic size.

(iii) (a) AC electric generator.

(b) Electromagnetic induction.

(c) It is used to generate alternating current.

(iv) (a) If the number of electrons in the outermost orbit is less, then the metal is more

reactive. Metal A contains one electron in the outermost shell, while metal B
contains two electrons. Hence, metal A is more reactive than metal B.

(b) Metal A is sodium and metal B is magnesium. Reactions of Na and Mg with dil.

HCl are,


(c)  
2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)
Sodium dil. HCl Sodium Hydrogen
chloride

Mg + 2HCl  Mg Cl2 + H2(g)

Magnesium dil. HCl Magnesium Hydrogen
chloride

(v) (1) Orbit of a satellite is its path around the earth.

(2) On the basis of the height of the satellite : Orbit of a satellite can be HEO, MEO
or LEO.

(a) High Earth Orbit (HEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height equal to or

greater than 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a High Earth Orbit
satellite.
(b) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height between
2000 km and 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a Medium Earth
Orbit satellite.

Medium Earth Orbit

Low Earth Orbit

Medium Earth
Orbit

High Earth Orbit

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
 (c) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height between
180 km and 2000 km above the earth’s surface is called a Low Earth Orbit
satellite.
K2Cr04 + BaSO4 BaCrO4 + K2SO4

(vi) (a) The colour of the precipitate formed was yellow.

(b) The name of the precipitate is barium chromate.
(c) This reaction is a double displacement reaction.

(vii) (a) Refraction of light.

(b) (1) 
The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the
normal to the surface at the point of incidence and all the three, i.e., the
incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal are in the same plane.
(2) For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to
the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell’s law). This constant is
called the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first
medium.
[Note : Here, a ray means a ray of light.]

(viii) The iron rust is formed due to electrochemical reaction. Different regions on iron
surface become anode and cathode.
● Reaction on anode region :
Fe(s)  Fe2 + (aq) + 2e −
● Reaction on cathode region :
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e −  2H2O(l)

When Fe 2 + ions migrate from anode region they react with water to form Fe3 + ions.
A reddish coloured hydrated oxide is formed from Fe3 + ions. It is called rust.
2Fe3 + (aq) + 4H2O(l)  + Fe2O3.H2O(s) + 6H + (aq)

A way to prevent rusting by colouring with acrylic paints, Zn plating, galvanizing,

anodizing, alloying, etc.

Q. 4.
(i) (a) (1) This defect is called myopia (nearsightedness).
(2) It is corrected using spectacles having concave lenses of appropriate power.

(b) (1) This defect is called hypermetropia ( farsightedness ).

(2) It is corrected using spectacles having convex lenses of appropriate power.
(c) When a person cannot see nearby objects as well as distant objects clearly, bifocal
lenses are used in spectacles.

(ii) (a) Esterification reaction.

(b) CH3 − COO − CH2 − CH3

(c) The property of product (Ester) formed have sweet odour.

(d) (1) Making fragrances (2) Making flavouring agents.

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