Lecture 3 Offsite Construction 2024

5CN001 Brownfield Regeneration
and Construction Technology
Offsite Construction
Dr Emmanuel Daniel
Aim of the Session
Aim: To understand the meaning of offsite
construction and the techniques associated with it.
Learning outcomes:
❑ To explain the concept and history of modern method of
construction also know as offsite construction.
❑Describe the various the techniques used in offsite
construction
❑To critically evaluate the difference offsite construction
techniques.
❑ Advise client on the appropriate MMC techniques to use
on their project and Identify the future of MMC.
https://www.youth.gov.hk/en/gov-job/stories/detail.htm?content-id=2393438&section=GOVJOB
History of Offsite
• Offsite dates back to

1066 and was aided by
the Norman Conquest,
• It was known back in

these periods as pre
fabrication and formed
one of the main methods
of house building.
History of Offsite
• The industrial revolution

and world war 2 allowed
for a more innovative
process to build homes.
• Due to the need for

housing during and after
world war 2.
• Pre fabrication became

the chosen method to
meet housing demand.
History of Offsite
• The utilisation of concrete

panel systems and steel
frame systems were also
used due to a shortage of
construction materials.
• Timber frame was another
method used to produce
housing with a bulk of the
timber being imported due to
a shortage within the UK.
History of Offsite
• In the 1990s Latham report

(1994) and Egan report
(1998), both viewed pre-
fabrication as key driver to
constructing housing in
larger volumes.
• In 2019 the House of
Parliament in the UK has
identified MMC as the
solution to housing shortage
in the UK
UK Drive for MMC
Baker’s Review 2006
Farmer’s Report 2016
UK Parliament Committee on Housing

UK Drive for Improvement
Global Market View for Offsite
Global Market View for Offsite
Construction
Hong Kong is among the top countries using Modular Integrated Construction
(MiC) also known as MMC or offsite (Wuni and Shen, 2019)
China current policy- all new build to be 30%

MMC
Global View of MMC
• In Japan 40% of new build MMC
• China has initiated a policy that demands all new

build to be 30% MMC
• In Sweden 45% of its new build use MMC.

Class Activity
What is MMC which is

also know as offsite
construction?
Meaning of MMC
Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) is about

better products and processes. MMC aims to
improve environmental performance, quality,
business efficiency, customer satisfaction,
sustainability and the predictability of delivery
timescales.
Offsite
Offsite manufacturing Prefabrication
construction (OSM)
Meaning of MMC
• Prof. Lauri Koskela researched into this in 1992.
• The overarching aim of OSM is to move some of

the construction activities to a controlled
environment (Factory)
• There are suggestion that the construction industry

needs to shift to OSM in order to deliver quality
buildings
Meaning of offsite construction
People
process
Product
• Technology
Meaning of MMC
• Meaning and classification of MMC
Video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of4Nvxuo
vsY
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
MMC
Types of product produced
Location of production
MODERN METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION (MMC)
HYBRID SUB- SITE

VOLUMETRIC/MODUL SYSTEMS PANELISED ASSEMBLIES BASES/NON-
AR CONSTRUCTION (VOLUMETRIC UNITS AND OFFSITE
+ PANELISED) COMPONENTS SYSTEM
Source:
Nadim
(2012)
✓ Out of the five (5) MMC Categories, four (4) are offsite
based (factory) and one (1) is onsite based.
✓ What is Offsite Construction
Offsite construction is a term used to describe a
range of applications where structures, buildings or
parts are manufactured and assembled away from the
site before they are finally installed into positions
( Mostafa et al, 2016; Gibb & Pendlebury, 2006).
Meaning of MMC
• Offsite construction is ideal for all modular projects such as residential units,
hotels, high-rise buildings etc.
• The building block of OSM can include all components of a building.
• OSM offers speed, quality, reduced risk etc.
Traditional Construction OSM

DRIVERS TO MMC ADOPTION
• Shortage in housing supply

• Skills and material shortage
• Concerns about quality of buildings
especially housing
• Revisions to Building Regulations
• Speed
• Environmental performance
Class Activity
Describe the various

categories of modern
methods of construction.
Modular
Construction
MIC Project in Hong Kong
https://www.youth.gov.hk/en/gov-
InnoCell Residential Institution job/stories/detail.htm?content-
id=2393438&section=GOVJOB
• Volumetric construction or modular construction refers
to the production of 3D building blocks within a factory
environment and assembled on a construction site.
• Building blocks can be transported to the construction

site in different shapes.
• All service are fitted in a factory condition.
• They could be transported complete including all

internal fittings and services to site
• This technology offers very high-end
building block which are produced in
controlled factory environment and have
very high accuracy.
• Also, it reduces time and labour force on a

constriction site.
Modular System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0TN4y
lgI1Q
Volumetric Unit
• Volumetric units are sometimes referred to as pods.
• Volumetric units can be combined with other construction
methods to create a hybrid construction.
• Pods are often used for highly serviced areas such as kitchens
and bathrooms, so that services can be undertaken and tested
in factory conditions.
Class Activity
Why will you advise

your client to go for
volumetric/modular;
panelised, hybrid or
component system?
Panelised Units
Panellised Units
Flat panel units built in a factory and transported to site for assembly into a three-
dimensional (3D) structure or to fit within an existing structure.
• In panelised units, not only walls can be constructed but
other building elements, for example:
Hybrid Systems
Volumetric + Panelised
Construction
Combination of different system

• Volumetric units are sometimes referred to as pods.
• Volumetric units can be combined with other construction
methods to create a hybrid construction.
• Pods are often used for highly serviced areas such as kitchens
and bathrooms, so that services can be undertaken and tested
in factory conditions.
Kitchen Pod Bathroom Pod

- Components 0f Mybrid System - - - - -
Hybrid system combines both the panelised and the volumetric systems. Volumetric
units are normally used in the construction of highly serviced and more repeated
areas, e.g. kitchens and bathrooms while the rest of the structure is formed using
panels. Benefiting from the advantages of both techniques, hybrid system, offers
leveraged production speed, assured quality, reduced cost, better economy and more
sustainable process.
+
Sub-assemblies and
Components
Sub-assemblies and component
• Components are approaches that fall short of being

classified as OSM systems.
• This refers to simplified components like stairs, doors and
windows which are manufactured in factories.
• Subassemblies are major building elements that are
manufactured offsite but do not form the primary structure
of the building.
• Precast foundation systems, cladding systems and roof
cassettes are typical examples.
• Materials such as concrete, steel, aluminium and wood
can be used and they can be incorporated into OSM
buildings or traditionally constructed buildings
Tutorial
Discuss the
barriers and
benefits of
adopting offsite
construction
approach in Hong
Kong.
Recap
• We have examined:
• The history of offsite
• The meaning of offsite
• The different categories of offsite
Thank you for your Attention
Any Question?

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5CN001 Brownfield Regeneration

and Construction Technology

• Offsite dates back to

• It was known back in

• The industrial revolution

• Due to the need for

• Pre fabrication became

• The utilisation of concrete

• In the 1990s Latham report

Baker’s Review 2006

Farmer’s Report 2016

UK Parliament Committee on Housing

China current policy- all new build to be 30%

• In Japan 40% of new build MMC

• China has initiated a policy that demands all new

• In Sweden 45% of its new build use MMC.

What is MMC which is

Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) is about

• Prof. Lauri Koskela researched into this in 1992.

• The overarching aim of OSM is to move some of

• There are suggestion that the construction industry

• Meaning and classification of MMC

HYBRID SUB- SITE

Traditional Construction OSM

• Shortage in housing supply

Describe the various

• Building blocks can be transported to the construction

• All service are fitted in a factory condition.

• They could be transported complete including all

• Also, it reduces time and labour force on a

Why will you advise

Combination of different system

Kitchen Pod Bathroom Pod

• Components are approaches that fall short of being

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