31. Repeat the calculations of Problem 5.

30 and plot the thermal flux for boric acid solutions having the
concentrations given in Problem 5.29.

[sol] at LT=1.884cm
𝐒𝐋𝐓 𝐞(𝐚 𝐝 |𝐱|)/𝐋𝐓 𝐞 (𝐚 𝐝 |𝐱|)/𝐋𝐓 𝐒𝐋 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡[(𝐚 𝐝 |𝐱|)/𝐋𝐓
∅𝐓 = = 𝐓
𝟐𝐃 𝐞(𝐚 𝐝)/𝐋𝐓 𝐞 (𝐚 𝐝)/𝐋𝐓 𝟐𝐃 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡[(𝐚 𝐝)/𝐋𝐓
𝟏𝟎𝟖 ×𝟏.𝟖𝟖𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏 |𝐱|)/𝟏.𝟖𝟖𝟒]
= × = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝟒. 𝟒𝟑 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑|𝐱|)
𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟔 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏)/𝟏.𝟖𝟖𝟒]
at LT=2.47cm
𝟏𝟎𝟖 ×𝟐.𝟒𝟕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏 |𝐱|)/𝟐.𝟒𝟕]
∅𝐓 = × = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟓|𝐱|)
𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟔 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏)/𝟐.𝟒𝟕]
at LT=2.8cm
𝟏𝟎𝟖 ×𝟐.𝟖 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏 |𝐱|)/𝟐.𝟖]
∅𝐓 = × = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝟐. 𝟗𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔|𝐱|)
𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟔 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡[(𝟖 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟏)/𝟐.𝟖]

32. Verify that Eq. (5.72) is in fact the solution to Eq. (5.68). Discuss this solution in the cases where τT → 0
and τT → L2T

𝐒𝐋𝐓 𝐫/𝐋𝐓 𝐫/√𝛕𝐓

[sol] Eq.(5.72), ∅𝐓 = (𝐞 −𝐞 )
𝟒𝛑𝐫𝐃(𝐋𝟐𝐓 𝛕𝐓 )
𝟏 𝐝 𝟐 𝐝∅𝟏 𝟏
Eq.(5.68), 𝐫 − ∅𝟏 =𝟎
𝐫 𝟐 𝐝𝐫 𝐫 𝛕 𝐓
/
at τT → 0, ∅ =
𝟒𝛑𝐫𝐃

33. Calculate the neutron age of fission neutrons in water for the conditions given in Problem 5.25 .

𝛒𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
[sol] 𝛕𝐓 (𝛒) = 𝛕𝐓 (𝛒𝟎 ) = 𝟐𝟕𝐱 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟑㎡
𝛒 𝟎.𝟔𝟖
34. An infinite slab of moderator of extrapolated thickness ã contains sources of fast neutrons distributed
according to the function
πx
s(x) = S cos( )
ã

Using the two-group method, derive an expression for the thermal flux in the slab.
𝛑𝐱
[sol] 𝐃𝟏 𝛁 𝟐 ∅𝟏 − ∑𝐚𝟏 ∅𝟏 − ∑𝟏→𝟐 ∅𝟏 = −𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐬( )
𝐚
𝐃𝟐 𝛁 𝟐 ∅𝟐 − ∑𝐚𝟐 ∅𝟐 − ∑𝟏→𝟐 ∅𝟏 = 𝟎
∑ 𝐒 𝛑𝐱
𝐉 𝟐 ∅𝟏 − ∅𝟏 = − 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 ----(1)
𝐃𝟏 𝐃𝟏 𝐚
𝟏 𝐒 𝛑𝐱
𝛁 𝟐 ∅𝟏 − ∅𝟏 = − 𝐜𝐨 𝐬
𝛕𝐓 𝐃𝟏 𝐚
Particular Solution
𝛑𝐱 𝛑𝐱
∅ = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐁𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐚 𝐚
𝛑 𝛑𝐱 𝛑 𝛑𝐱
∅ = − 𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝐁𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝐚
" 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑𝐱 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑𝐱 𝛑
∅ = −( ) 𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐧 − ( ) 𝐁𝐜𝐨𝐬 = −( )𝟐 ∅ --->insert the above eq(1)
𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝐚
𝛑 𝛑𝐱 𝛑𝐱 𝟏 𝛑𝐱 𝛑𝐱 𝐒 𝛑𝐱
-( ) 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐁𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐁𝐬𝐢𝐧 =− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝛕𝐓 𝐚 𝐚 𝐃𝟏 𝐚
𝛑 𝟐 𝟏 𝐒 𝟐
{( ) + }𝐀=− , 𝐀 = (𝐒/𝐃𝟏 )/{(𝛑/𝐚) + (𝟏/𝛕𝐓 )}
𝐚 𝛕𝐓 𝐃𝟏
𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
{ + }𝐁=𝟎, 𝐁 = 𝟎
𝐚 𝛕𝐓
𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱
∅= 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )
𝐚
𝐚 𝛕𝐓
Homogeneous solution
𝐱 𝐱
∅ = 𝐂𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐃𝐬𝐢𝐧
√𝛕𝐓 √𝛕𝐓
𝐱 𝐱 𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱 𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱
=> ∅ = 𝐂𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐃𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )=A*𝐞𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 − 𝐁 ∗ 𝐞 𝐱/√𝛕𝐓
+ 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )
√𝛕𝐓 √𝛕𝐓 𝐚 𝐚
𝐚 𝛕𝐓 𝐚 𝛕𝐓
Boundary condition
𝐚 𝐚
1) ∅ =∅ − =𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝐱 𝐱
* ∗
A 𝐞 − 𝐁 𝐞 𝛕𝐓 + 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝛕𝐓

𝐁 ∗ = 𝐀∗ 𝐞 𝐚/√𝛕𝐓
𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱
∅ = A*[𝐞𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 − 𝐞 𝐚/√𝛕𝐓 𝐞 𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 ] + 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )
𝐚
𝐚 𝛕𝐓
2) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟎 𝐒(𝐱) = 𝐒
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟎 𝐉𝟏 (𝐱) = 𝐒/𝟐
𝐝∅ 𝐀 𝛑 𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱
𝐉𝟏 (𝐱) = −𝐃𝟏 = −𝐃𝟏 [ (𝐞𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 − 𝐞 𝐚/√𝛕𝐓
𝐞 𝐱/√𝛕𝐓
) −( ) 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )]
𝐝𝐱 √𝛕𝐓 𝐚 𝐚
𝐚 𝛕𝐓
𝐃𝟏 𝐀∗ 𝐚/√𝛕𝐓 𝐒
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟎 𝐉𝟏 (𝐱) = − (𝟏 − 𝐞 ) =
√ 𝛕𝐓 𝟐
𝐒√𝛕𝐓 𝟏
𝐀∗ =
𝟐𝐃𝟏 (𝟏 𝐞 𝐚/ 𝛕𝐓 )
𝐒√𝛕𝐓 𝟏 𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 𝐚/√𝛕𝐓 𝐒/𝐃𝟏 𝛑𝐱
=> ∅ = [𝐞 −𝐞 𝐞 𝐱/√𝛕𝐓 ] + 𝛑 𝟐 𝟏
cos( )
𝟐𝐃𝟏 (𝟏 𝐞 𝐚/ 𝛕𝐓 ) 𝐚
𝐚 𝛕𝐓
 Chapter 6
Neutron Reactor Theory
1. Calculate the fuel utilization and infinite multiplication factor for a fast reactor consisting of a mixture of
liquid sodium and plutonium, in which the plutonium is present to 3.0 w/o. The density of the mixture is
approximately 1.0 g/cm3

𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝟏
[sol] 𝐟 = = =
𝚺𝐚 𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝚺𝐚𝐒 𝟏 𝚺𝐚𝐒 /𝚺𝐚𝐅
𝚺𝐚𝐒 𝐍𝐒 𝛔𝐚𝐒 𝛒𝐒 𝐌𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐒
= =
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝛒𝐅 𝐌𝐒 𝛔𝐚𝐅
𝛒𝐅
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑
𝛒𝐒 𝛒𝐅
(𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑)𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝛒𝐒
𝛒𝐒 𝟎.𝟗𝟕
=
𝛒𝐅 𝟎.𝟎𝟑
𝚺𝐚𝐒 𝟎.𝟗𝟕 𝟐𝟑𝟗 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝟏
= × × = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝟎.𝟎𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟐.𝟏𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝐟= = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏.𝟐𝟕𝟒×𝟏𝟎 𝟏
𝟏
𝐤 = 𝛈𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 × 𝟖. 𝟖𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟓

2. The core of a certain fast reactor consists of an array of uranium fuel elements immersed in liquid sodium.
The uranium is enriched to 25.6 w/o in 235 U and comprises 37% of the core volume. Calculate for this core (a)
the average atom densities of sodium, 235
U, and U; (b) the fuel utilization; (c) the value of η; (d) the infinite
238

multiplication factor.

𝟎.𝟗𝟕×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
[sol] (a) 𝐍(𝐍𝐚) = × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝟐𝟐.𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟖
𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟔×𝟏𝟗.𝟏×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝐍 𝐔 = × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝟐𝟑𝟓.𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟗
𝟐𝟑𝟖 (𝟏 𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟔)×𝟏𝟗.𝟏×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝐍 𝐔 = × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝟐𝟑𝟖.𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟖
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝚺𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝚺𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐍𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝛔𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐍𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝛔𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟖
(b) 𝐟 = = =
𝚺𝐚 𝚺𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝚺𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝚺𝐚𝐍𝐚 𝐍𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝛔𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐍𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝛔𝐚𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐍𝐍𝐚 𝛔𝐚𝐍𝐚
𝟒.𝟔𝟒×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 ×𝟏.𝟔𝟓 𝟏.𝟑𝟑×𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟓×𝟏𝟎 𝟐
= = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟒.𝟔𝟒×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 ×𝟏.𝟔𝟓 𝟏.𝟑𝟑×𝟏𝟎 𝟐 ×𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝟏.𝟔×𝟏𝟎 𝟐 ×𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖
𝚺 𝛎 𝚺 𝛎 𝚺 𝟐.𝟔×(𝟒.𝟔𝟒×𝟏𝟎 ×𝟏.𝟒 𝟏.𝟑𝟑×𝟏𝟎 𝟐 ×𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟓)
𝟑
(c) 𝛈 = 𝛖 𝐅 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐟𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐟𝟐𝟑𝟖 = = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟑
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝚺𝐚𝐅𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝚺𝐚𝐅𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝟒.𝟔𝟒×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 ×𝟏.𝟔𝟓 𝟏.𝟑𝟑×𝟏𝟎 𝟐 ×𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟓
𝚺𝐅
(d) 𝐤 =𝛎 = 𝛈𝐟 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟑
𝚺𝐚

3. A bare-cylinder reactor of height 100 cm and diameter 100 cm is operating at a steady-state power of 20 MW.
If the origin is taken at the center of the reactor, what is the power density at the point r = 7 cm, Z = -22.7 cm?

𝟑.𝟔𝟑𝐏 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝛑𝐳
[sol] 𝛟(𝐫. 𝐳) = 𝐉 𝐜𝐨𝐬( )
𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐨 𝐑 𝐇
𝐄𝐑 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐌𝐞𝐕 = 𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝐉
𝐏 = 𝟐𝟎𝐌𝐖 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝐉 ∙ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭
.𝟑.𝟔𝟑𝐏 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝛑𝐳
𝐏(𝐫, 𝐳) = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝛟(𝐫, 𝐳) = 𝐉𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝐕 𝐑 𝐇
𝟑.𝟔𝟑×𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝟐.𝟒𝟐𝟓×𝟕 𝛑×( 𝟐𝟐.𝟕)
∴ 𝐏(𝟕, −𝟐𝟐. 𝟕) = 𝐉𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟖𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝛑×𝟓𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

4. In a spherical reactor of radius 45 cm, the fission rate density is measured as 2.5 × 1011 fissions/cm3-sec at a
point 35 cm from the center of the reactor. (a) At what steady-state power is the reactor operating? (b) What is
the fission rate density at the center of the reactor?

[sol] (a) 𝐑 = 𝚺𝐅 𝛟(𝐫) = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 #/𝐜𝐦𝟑 ∙ 𝐬𝐞𝐜

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝛑𝐫/𝐑)
𝛟(𝐫) = 𝐀
𝐫
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝛑𝐫/𝐑) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝟓𝛑/𝟒𝟓)
𝚺𝐅 𝛟(𝐫)𝐫 𝟑𝟓 = 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 = 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 #/𝐜𝐦𝟑 ∙ 𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝐫 𝐫 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
𝚺𝐅 𝐀 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑
𝐑 𝛑𝐫
𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 ∫𝐕 𝛟(𝐫)𝐝𝐕 = 𝟒𝛑𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐝𝐫
𝐑
𝐑𝟐
= 𝟒𝛑𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 = 𝟒𝛑𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏
× 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 × (𝟒𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝐌𝐖
𝛑
 𝛑𝐫
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛑 𝛑
(b) 𝚺𝐅 𝛟(𝐫) = 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 𝐑
= 𝚺𝐅 𝐀 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 ×
𝐫→𝟎 𝐫→𝟎 𝐫 𝐑 𝟒𝟓
= 𝟗. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐜𝐦𝟑 ∙ 𝐬𝐞𝐜

5. Using the flux function given in Table 6.2 for a critical finite cylindrical reactor, derive the value of the
constant A.
𝐇
𝐑 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝛑𝐳
[sol] 𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 ∫𝐕 𝛟 (𝐫, 𝐳)𝐝𝐕 = 𝟐𝛑𝐀𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 ∫𝟎 ∫ 𝟐𝐇 𝐉𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐬( )𝐝𝐳𝐫𝐝𝐫
𝐑 𝐇
𝟐
𝐑 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝐑 𝟐 𝐑 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝐫
∫𝟎 𝐉𝐨 𝐑
𝐫𝐝𝐫 =
𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓
∫𝟎 𝐉𝐨 𝐑 𝐑
𝐝
𝐑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓
𝐑 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝐑 𝐑𝟐
= ∫𝟎 𝐉𝐨 (𝐮)𝐮𝐝𝐮 = 𝐮𝐉𝟏 (𝐮) = 𝐉 (𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟓)
𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟏
𝟎
𝐇
𝐑𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝛑𝐳/𝐇) 𝟐 𝐑𝟐 𝟐𝐇 𝐕 𝐉𝟏 (𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓)
𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐀𝟐𝛑 𝐉𝟏 (𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟓) = 𝟐𝛑𝐀𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐉 (𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟓) = 𝟒𝐀𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅
𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝛑/𝐇 𝐇 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟏 𝛑 𝛑 𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓
𝟐
𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓𝛑𝐏 𝟑.𝟔𝟑𝐏
𝐀= =
𝟒𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝐉𝟏 (𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓) 𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅

6. The core of a certain reflected reactor consists of a cylinder 10-ft high and 10 ft in diameter. The measured
maximum-to-average flux is 1.5. When the reactor is operated at a power level of 825 MW, what is the
maximum power density in the reactor in kW/liter?

𝐏
[sol] 𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 ∫𝐕 𝛟𝐝𝐯 → ∫𝐕 𝛟𝐜 𝐝𝐕 =
𝐄 𝐑 𝚺𝐅
𝟏 𝛟𝐦𝐚𝐱
𝛟𝐚𝐯 = ∫𝐕 𝛟𝐜 𝐝𝐕, 𝛀 = = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝐕 𝛟𝐚𝐯
𝟏.𝟓 𝟏.𝟓×𝟖𝟐𝟓
𝐏𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 𝛟𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 × 𝟏. 𝟓𝛟𝐚𝐯 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐅 ∫𝐕 𝛟𝐝𝐯 = 𝐏= = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟑𝟗𝐌𝐖/𝐟𝐭 𝟐
𝐕 𝛑×𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎

7. Suppose the reactor described in Example 6.3 was operated at a thermal power level of 1 kilowatt. How many
neutrons would escape from the reactor per second? [Hint: See Example 6.4.]

𝛑 𝟐
[sol] 𝐁 𝟐 = = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 , 𝐋𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐑
𝐤 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏, 𝚺𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟓𝐜𝐦 𝟏
𝚺𝐟 = 𝐍𝐟𝐅 𝛔𝐟𝐅 + 𝐍𝐟𝐒 𝛔𝐟𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟒
+ 𝟎 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐜𝐦 𝟏

Non-leakage probability
𝟏 𝟏
𝐏𝐍𝐋 = = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟑
𝟏 𝐁 𝟐 𝐋𝟐 𝟏 𝟒.𝟏𝟗𝟔×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 ×𝟑𝟖𝟒
Leakage probability
𝐏𝐋 = 𝟏 − 𝐏𝐍𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟕
Number of produced neutrons by fission reaction
𝐑 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝛑𝐫/𝐑) 𝐑 𝛑𝐫
𝐤 𝚺𝐚 ∫𝐕 𝛟𝐝𝐯 = 𝐤 𝚺𝐚 𝐀 ∫𝟎 𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟐 𝐝𝐫 = 𝟒𝛑𝐤 𝚺𝐚 𝐀 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐝𝐫 = 𝟒 𝐤 𝚺𝐚 𝐑𝟐 𝐀
𝐫 𝐑
𝐏 𝐏𝚺𝐚𝐑𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ×𝟐.𝟔𝟏×𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟓
= × 𝟒𝐤 𝚺𝐚 𝐑𝟐 = = 𝟏𝟑
= 𝟗. 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝟑.𝟐×𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 ×𝟕.𝟑𝟏×𝟏𝟎 𝟑

∴ 𝐏𝐋 𝐤 𝚺𝐚 ∫𝐕 𝛟(𝐫)𝐝𝐫 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟕 × 𝟗. 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐬𝐞𝐜

8. Show that in a one-group model, the power produced by a reactor per unit mass of fissile material is given by
watts kW 3.2 × 10 σ ϕN
= =
g kg M

Where σ is the one-group fission cross-section ϕ is the average one-group flux, N is Avogadro’s number,
and M is the gram atomic weight of the fuel.

[sol] A one-group model

𝐄𝐑 𝛒𝐍𝐀 𝛔𝐟 𝛟𝐕
𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 ∫ 𝛟𝐝𝐕 = 𝐄𝐑 𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐟 𝛟𝐕=
𝐌𝐅
𝐏 𝐩 𝐄𝐑 𝐍𝐀 𝛔𝐟 𝛟
∴ (𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬) = = =
𝐦 𝛒𝐕 𝐌𝐅
 ← 𝐄𝐑 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐌𝐞𝐕 = 𝟑. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝐉
𝟑.𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝐍𝐀 𝛔𝐟 𝛟
=
𝐌𝐅

9. (a) Estimate the critical radius of a hypothetical bare spherical reactor having the same composition as the
reactor in Problem 6.1. (b) If the reactor operates at a thermal power level of 500 MW, what is the maximum
value of the flux? (c) What is the probability that a fission neutron will escape from the reactor?

[sol] Table II.3 𝐌𝐬𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟖, 𝐌𝐩𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦 = 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟐

Table 6.1
𝛔𝐚𝐅 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝛔𝐚𝐌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝛔𝐭𝐫,𝐍𝐚 = 𝟑. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝛔𝐭𝐫,𝐅 = 𝟔. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝛔𝐟,𝐍𝐚 = 𝟎, 𝛔𝐟,𝐏𝐮 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝛈 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝐏𝐮 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚,𝐅
(a) 𝐟 = = =
𝚺𝐚𝐅 𝚺𝐚𝐌 𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚,𝐅 𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚,𝐌
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 #/𝐜𝐦𝟑 𝟐.𝟏𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟕
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 #/𝐜𝐦𝟑 𝟐.𝟏𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 #/𝐜𝐦𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐤 = 𝛈𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 × 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟕 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟓
𝛌 𝟏
𝐃 = 𝐭𝐫 = = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟕𝟑
𝟑 𝟑𝚺𝐭𝐫
𝟐 𝐃 𝐃 𝟑.𝟗𝟕𝟑
𝐋 = = = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝚺𝐚 𝚺𝐚,𝐅 𝚺𝐚,𝐌 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖
D=2.13D=8.462cm
𝐋𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟐.𝟐𝟐
𝐑𝐜 = 𝛑 =𝛑 = 𝟒𝟎𝟕. 𝟎𝟏𝐜𝐦
𝐤 𝟏 𝟐.𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝟏
𝐑 𝐜 = 𝐑 𝐜 − 𝐝 = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟓𝐜𝐦
𝐏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛑𝐫/𝐑
(b) 𝛟 =
𝟒𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝐑𝟐 𝐫
𝐏 𝛑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛑𝐫/𝐑 𝛑𝐏
𝛟𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟓 #/𝐜𝐦𝟐 ∙ 𝐬
𝟒𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝐑 𝐑 𝐫→ 𝛑𝐫/𝐑 𝟒𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝐑𝟐 𝐑
𝟏 𝟏
(c) 𝐏 = 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟐
𝟏 𝐁 𝐋𝐓 𝟏 𝟓.𝟗𝟗𝟖×𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟐.𝟐𝟐𝐜𝐦
(Probability)=1-0.432=0.568

10. An infinite slab of moderator of thickness 2a contains at its center a thin sheet of 235U of thickness t. Show
that in one-group theory the condition for criticality of this system can be written approximately as
2D a
cosh = 1
(η − 1)LΣ L

Where D and L are the diffusion parameters of the moderator and Σ is te macroscopic absorption cross-
secton of the U.

[sol] <Fuel>
𝐝𝟐 𝛟𝐅
+ 𝐁 𝟐 𝛟𝐅 = 𝟎
𝐝𝐱 𝟐
𝛟𝐅 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐱 + 𝐂𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐱 → 𝛟𝐅 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐱

<Moderator>
𝐱 𝐱
𝐃𝐌 𝛁 𝟐 𝛟 − 𝚺𝐚𝐌 𝛟𝐌 = 𝟎 → 𝛟𝐌 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 + 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝐋 𝐋
𝐚 𝐚 𝐚
→ 𝛟𝐌 (𝐚) = 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 + 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 = 𝟎 → 𝐁 = −𝐀𝟏 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡
𝐋 𝐋 𝐋
𝐱 𝐚 𝐱
∴ 𝛟𝐌 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 − 𝐀𝟏 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝐋 𝐋 𝐋
𝐭 𝐭
(𝐢) 𝛟𝐅 = 𝛟𝐌
𝟐 𝟐
𝐭 𝐁𝐭 𝐭 𝐭 𝐚 𝐭
𝛟𝐅 = 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 , 𝛟𝐌 = 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 − 𝐀𝟏 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐁𝐭 𝐭 𝐚 𝐭
∴ 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 − 𝐀𝟏 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝟐 𝟐𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐀𝟏 𝐚 𝐭 𝐚 𝐭
= 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝐋 𝟐𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐋
 𝐚 𝐭 𝟐𝐚
= 𝐀𝟏 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐭 𝐭
(𝐢𝐢) 𝐉𝐅 = 𝐉𝐌
𝟐 𝟐
𝐝𝛟𝐅 𝐭 𝐝𝛟 𝐭
−𝐃𝐅 = −𝐃𝐌 𝐌
𝐝𝐱 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 𝟐
𝐁𝐭 𝐀𝟏 𝐭 𝐀𝟏 𝐚 𝐭
−𝐃𝐅 −𝐀𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = −𝐃𝐌 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝟐 𝐋 𝟐𝐋 𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐁𝐭 𝐃𝐌 𝐀 𝟏 𝐚 𝟐𝐚 − 𝐭
∴ 𝐀𝐁𝐃𝐅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =− 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝟐 𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
The condition for criticality of this system
𝐁𝐭 𝐚 𝐭 − 𝟐𝐚
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝟐 𝐋 𝟐𝐋 =𝟎
𝐁𝐭 𝐃𝐌 𝐚 𝟐𝐚 − 𝐭
𝐁𝐃𝐅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝟐 𝐋 𝐋 𝟐𝐋
𝐃𝐌 𝟐𝐚 − 𝐭 𝐁𝐭 𝟐𝐚 − 𝐭 𝐚
𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 = 𝐁𝐃𝐅 𝐭𝐚𝐧 , 𝐭 ≈ 𝟎, 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 ≈ 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡
𝐋 𝟐𝐋 𝟐 𝟐𝐋 𝐋
𝐁𝐭 𝐁𝐭
𝐭𝐚𝐧 ≈
𝟐 𝟐
𝐃𝐌 𝐚 𝐁𝐭 𝐁𝟐 𝐭
∴ 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 = 𝐁𝐃𝐅 = 𝐃𝐅
𝐋 𝐋 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐃𝐌 𝐚
𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 = 𝟏
𝐋𝐃𝐅 𝐁 𝟐 𝐭 𝐋
𝚺𝐚𝐅
← 𝐁 𝟐 = (𝛈 − 𝟏) , 𝐃𝐌 ≈ 𝐃
𝐃𝐅
𝟐𝐃 𝐚
∴ 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 = 𝟏
𝐋(𝛈 − 𝟏)𝐭 𝐋

11. A large research reactor consists of a cubical array of natural uranium rods in a graphite moderator. The
reactor is 25ft on a side and operates at a power of 20MW. The average value of Σ of 2.5 × 10 cm . (a)
Calculate the buckling. (b) What is the maximum value of the thermal flux? (c) What is the average value of the
thermal flux? (d) At what rate is 235U being consumed in the reactor?

𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐
[sol] (a) 𝐁 = + + = + + 𝐟𝐭 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟕𝟒𝐟𝐭 𝟐
𝐚 𝐛 𝐜 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
(b) ∅𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝛟(𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎) = 𝐀
𝟑.𝟖𝟕𝐏 𝟑.𝟖𝟕× 𝟐𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐉/𝐬
𝐀= = (𝟐𝟓×𝟑𝟎.𝟒𝟖)𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 #/𝐜𝐦𝟐 ∙ 𝐬
𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝐜𝐦𝟑 𝟑.𝟐×𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝐉 𝟐.𝟓×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
𝟏 𝐀 𝐚/𝟐 𝛑𝐱 𝐚/𝟐 𝛑𝐲 𝐚/𝟐 𝛑𝐳
(c) 𝛟𝐚𝐯 = ∫ 𝛟𝐝𝐕 = ∫ 𝐚/𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐱 ∫ 𝐚/𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐲 ∫ 𝐚/𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟒𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 #/𝐜𝐦𝟐 ∙ 𝐬
𝐕 𝐕
(d) 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓(𝟏 + 𝛂)𝐏 𝐠/𝐝𝐚𝐲 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓𝐠/𝐝𝐚𝐲

12. Show with a recoverable energy per fission of 200MeV the power of a 235U-fueled reactor operating at the
temperature T given by either of the following expressions :
P = 4.73m g (T)ϕ × 10 MW
or
P = 7.19m g (T) / ϕ × 10 MW

where m is the total amount in kg of 235U in the reactor, g (T) is the non-1/ν factor for fission, ϕ is the
average 2,200 meters-per-second flux, and ϕ is the average thermal flux.

[sol] Table 3.4 𝛔𝐟,𝐔𝟐𝟑𝟓 = 𝟓𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐬

𝐏 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 ∫ 𝛟𝐝𝐕 = 𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝛟𝟎 𝐕
𝐦 𝐍 𝐍 𝛔
= 𝐄𝐑 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝚺𝐟 (𝐄𝟎 )𝛟𝟎 𝐅 𝐀 = 𝐦𝐅 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝛟𝟎 𝐄𝐑 𝐀 𝐟
𝐍𝐅 𝐌𝐅 𝐌𝐅
𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
= 𝐦𝐅 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝛟𝟎 × (𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐉) × 𝟓𝟖𝟐. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝟐𝟑𝟓.𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟗
= 𝟒. 𝟕𝟕𝐦𝐅 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝛟𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝐌𝐖.
 𝟏 𝟏
𝛟𝟎 √𝛑 𝐓𝟎 𝟐 √𝛑 𝐓𝟎 𝟐
= , 𝛟𝟎 = 𝛟𝐓
𝛟𝐓 𝟐 𝐓 𝟐 𝐓
𝟏
√𝛑 𝐓𝟎 𝟐 𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐅
𝐏 = 𝐦𝐅 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓) 𝛟𝐓 𝐄𝐑
𝟐 𝐓 𝐌𝐅
√𝛑 𝟏 𝟏𝐍 𝛔
𝟑
= 𝐦𝐅 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝛟𝐓 𝐄𝐑 𝐓 𝟐 (𝟐𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟏)𝟐 𝐀 𝐅
𝟐 𝐌𝐅
𝟏
𝟏𝟑
= 𝟕. 𝟐𝟓𝐦𝐅 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓)𝛟𝐓 𝐓 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐌𝐖

13. Solve the following equations:

3x + 4y + 7z = 16,
x − 6y + z = 2,
2x + 3y + 3z = 12.

𝟑 𝟒 𝟕
−𝟔 𝟏 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
[sol] D= 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟏 = 𝟑 − +𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 −𝟔 𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟕
𝟏
x= 𝟐 −𝟔 𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟕
𝐃
𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟏𝟔 𝟕
𝟏
𝐲 = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟖
𝐃
𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
𝟏
𝐳 = 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟐 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟔
𝐃
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟐
∴ (𝐱, 𝐲, 𝐳) = (𝟔. 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟕, 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟖, −𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟔)

14. Solve the following equations:

3.1x + 4.0y + 7.2z = 0,
x − 5.0y − 9.0z = 0,
7x + 4.5y + 8.1z = 0.

[sol] D=0
(Trivial solution) : (x,y,z)=(0,0,0)
x-5.0y=9.0z
7x+4.5y=-8.1z
𝟏 −𝟓. 𝟎
𝐃 = = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟓
𝟕 𝟒. 𝟓
𝟏 𝟗. 𝟎𝐳 −𝟓. 𝟎
𝐱= =𝟎
𝐃 −𝟖. 𝟏𝐳 𝟒. 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟗. 𝟎𝐳
𝐲= = −𝟏. 𝟖𝐳
𝐃 𝟕 −𝟖. 𝟏𝐳
∴ (𝐱, 𝐲, 𝐳) = (𝟎, −𝟏. 𝟖𝐳, 𝐳 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫)

15. A homogeneous solution of 235U and H O; contains 10 grams of 235U per liter of solution. Compute (a)
the atom density of 235U and the molecular density of H O; (b) the thermal utilization; (c) the thermal diffusion
area and length; (d) the infinite multiplication factor.

[sol]
𝟏𝟎𝐠𝐦
𝛒(𝐔 − 𝟐𝟑𝟓) = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝐠𝐦/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐥
(a)
𝟎.𝟎𝟏 𝐱 𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
N(U-235) = = 2.56 x 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟗 atoms / c𝐦𝟑
𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝐱𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
N(𝐇𝟐 O) = = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 molecules / c𝐦𝟑
𝟏𝟖
(b)
𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝐍𝐅 𝐠𝐚𝐅(𝟐𝟎℃)𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄 )
𝟎 𝟐.𝟓𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝐱 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖 𝐱 𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
Z= = = = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟐
𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝐍𝐦𝛔𝐚𝐌 (𝐄𝟎 ) 𝟑.𝟑𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐱𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟑
𝐙 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟐
∴𝐟= = = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟖
𝐙+𝟏 𝟏𝟔. 𝟐𝟐
(c)
𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (1-0.938) x 8.1 = 0.5c𝐦𝟐
𝐋𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝐜𝐦

(d)

𝐤 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝐱 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟖 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝟕

16. Compute the thermal diffusion length for homogeneous mixtures of 235U and the following moderators at
the given fuel concentrations and temperatures. Graphite: N (25) / N (e) = 4.7 x 1 0-6; T = 200DC. Beryllium: N
(25) / N (Be) 1 .3 x 1 0-5 ; T = 1 00DC. D20: N (25)/N(D20) 1 .4 x 1 0-6; T = 20DC. H20: N (25) / N (H20) =
9.2 x 1 0-4; T = 20DC.

[sol]
(a)
𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝐍𝐅 𝐠𝐚𝐅(𝐓)𝛔 (𝐄 ) 𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄𝟎 ) 𝟎.𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟕𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
𝐚𝐅 𝟎 𝟔
Z= ∙ = = 4.7 x 𝟏𝟎 x = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝐍𝐌
𝛔𝐚𝐌 (𝐄𝟎 ) 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝐙 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
𝐟= = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟏
𝐙+𝟏 𝟏. 𝟖𝟗

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟏)𝐱𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟏. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟐

∴ 𝐋𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝐜𝐦

(b)
𝟎.𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
Z = 1.3 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐
𝐙
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟏
𝐙+𝟏

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟏) 𝐱 𝟒𝟖𝟎 = 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟏.

∴ 𝐋𝐓 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝐜𝐦

(c)
𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖𝟎𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.
Z = 1.4 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑
𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟐
𝟏. 𝟕𝟎𝟏

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟐)𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐

∴ 𝐋𝐓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝐜𝐦
𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖𝟎𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
(d) Z = 9.2 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟑
𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒
𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟑
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖
𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟑

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖)𝐱𝟖. 𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟐

∴ 𝐋𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝐜𝐦

17. Consider a critical bare slab reactor 200 cm thick consisting of a homogeneous mixture of 235U and
graphite. The maximum thermal flux is 5 X 1 012 neutrons/cm2-sec. Using modified one-group theory, calculate:
(a) the buckling of the reactor; (b) the critical atomic concentration of uranium; (c) the thermal diffusion area; (d)
the value of k ; (e) the thermal flux and current throughout the slab; (f) the thermal power produced per cm2
of this slab.

[sol]
(a)
 𝛑 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐
𝐁𝟐 = = =2.47x𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟐
𝐚 𝟐𝟎𝟎
(b)
𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝟏 𝛏𝟐 (𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 𝛏𝐓𝐌 )
Z= =
𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝛈𝐓 𝟏 𝐁 𝟐 𝛏𝐓𝐌

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝛈𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟔, 𝛏𝐓𝐌 = 𝟑𝟔𝟖 𝐜𝐦𝟐

𝟏 𝛏𝟐 (𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 𝛏𝐓𝐌 )
Z= = 1.705
𝟐.𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝟏 𝟐.𝟒𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐱𝟑𝟔𝟖

𝐀𝐅 𝐌𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝐌𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐌 (𝐄𝟎 )

=Z =
𝛒𝐌 𝐌𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝐌𝐦 𝐠𝐚𝐟 (𝟐𝟎℃)𝛔𝐚𝐅

𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐱 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
∴ 𝛒𝐅 = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝐱 = 2.73 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐠𝐦/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝟏𝟐 𝐱 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖 𝐱 𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖

(c)
𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = = = 1.293 x 𝟏𝟎𝟑 cm
(𝐙 𝟏) 𝟏.𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝟏

𝐙 𝟏.𝟕𝟎𝟓
(d) 𝐤 =𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐱( ) = 2.056 x = 1.296
𝐙 𝟏 𝟐.𝟕𝟎𝟓

𝛑𝐱 𝛑𝐱
(e) ∅𝐭𝐡 (𝐱) = ∅𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) #/𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝐚 𝐚
𝐝∅ 𝛑𝐃 𝛑𝐱
J(x) = -D = 𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝛔𝐟( )
𝐝𝐱 𝐚 𝐚

𝟏.𝟓𝟕𝐩 𝐀𝐪𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟
(f) A= , P=
𝐚𝐄𝐑 𝚺𝐟 𝟏.𝟓𝟕
𝟐.𝟕𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐱𝟔.𝟎𝟐𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
𝚺𝐟 = 𝚺𝐟𝐅 +𝚺𝐟𝐌 = x582.2 x 𝟏𝟎 x 0.9759 = 3.97x𝟏𝟎 c𝐦
𝟐𝟑𝟓

𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 #/𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦 𝐱 𝟑.𝟐 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟕 𝐌𝐉 𝐱 𝟑.𝟗𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝟔

P= = 𝟖. 𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎 MW/c𝐦𝟐 = 8.1 W/c𝐦𝟐
𝟏.𝟓𝟕

18. The binding energy of the last neutron in 13C is 4.95 Me V. Estimate the recoverable energy per fission in a
large graphite-moderated, 235U-fueled reactor from which there is little or no leakage of neutrons or y-rays.

[sol]
𝟏𝟏
Recoverable energy = 200-4.95 = 195.05 MeV = 3.12x𝟏𝟎 Joules

19. Calculate the concentrations in grams per liter of ( 1 ) 235U, (2) 233U, and (3) 239pu required
for criticality of infinite homogeneous mixtures of these fuels and the following moderators: (a) H20, (b) D20,
(c) Be, (d) graphite.

[sol]
𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝟏 𝐁 𝟐 (𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 𝛏𝐓𝐌 ) 𝟏
Z= = =
𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝛈𝐓 𝟏 𝐁 𝟐 𝛏𝐓𝐌 𝛈𝐓 𝟏

𝛈𝐓 (235) = 2.065 𝛈𝐓 (233) = 2.284 𝛈𝐓 (239) = 2.035

Z(235) = 0.739, Z(233) = 0.779, Z(239) = 0.966
Ga(235) = 0.9780, ga(233) = 0.9983, ga(239) = 1.0723
𝛔𝐚 (𝟐𝟑𝟓) = 𝟔𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝐛, 𝛔𝐚 (𝟐𝟑𝟑) = 𝟓𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝐛, 𝛔𝐚 (𝟐𝟑𝟗) = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝐛
For 𝐔 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝟐𝟑𝟓
A= 0.939 x = 0.331
𝟎.𝟗𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖

(a) 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝟐
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟏 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 = 1.22 x 𝟏𝟎 gm/𝐜𝐦𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟖

(b)𝐃𝟐 𝐎
 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟏 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟓x = 0.024𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟐𝟎
(c)Be
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟏 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓x = 0.63𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟗
(d)C
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟏 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟔x = 0.15𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟐

For 𝐔 𝟐𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟑𝟑
A= 0.779 x = 0.314
𝟎.𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟑𝐱𝟓𝟕𝟖.𝟖

(a) 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 = 11.6𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟖

(b)𝐃𝟐 𝐎
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟓x = 0.023𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟐𝟎
(c)Be
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓x = 0.59𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟗
(d)C
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟔x = 0.14𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟐

For 𝐏𝐮𝟐𝟑𝟗
𝟐𝟑𝟗
A= 0.966 x = 0.213
𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟑𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏.𝟑

(a) 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 = 7.86𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟖

(b)𝐃𝟐 𝐎
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟓x = 0.015𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟐𝟎
(c)Be
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓x = 0.4𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟗
(d)C
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝛒𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟔x = 0.0𝐠𝐦/𝐥
𝟏𝟐

20. A bare-spherical reactor 50 cm in radius is composed of a homogeneous mixture of 235U and beryllium. The
reactor operates at a power level of 50 thermal kilowatts. Using modified one-group theory, compute: (a) the
critical mass of 235U; (b) the thermal flux throughout the reactor; (c) the leakage of neutrons from the reactor;
(d) the rate of consumption of 235U.

[sol]
𝛑 𝟐
(a) 𝐁 𝟐 = = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
𝐑
𝐱 𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 , 𝛄𝐓𝐇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝐜𝐦 𝟏

𝟏 𝟑.𝟗𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝟑 (𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟐)

Z= = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟖
𝟐.𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝟏 𝟑.𝟗𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟐

𝟒
𝐌𝐦 = 𝛑(𝟓𝟎)𝟑 𝐱𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟗 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝐠𝐦
𝟑
𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄𝟎 ) = 𝟔𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝐛, 𝛔𝐚𝐌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐𝐛, 𝐠 𝐚𝐅 (𝐓) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟖

𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝐌𝐦 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐𝐱𝟐𝟑𝟓𝐱𝟗.𝟔𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟓
∴ 𝐌𝐅 = 𝐙 𝐌𝐦 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝐱 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝐠𝐦
𝐠𝐚𝐅 (𝐓)𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄𝟎 )𝐌𝐧 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖𝐱𝟗
(b)
𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄𝟎 )𝟓𝟖𝟐𝐛, 𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟓𝟗 at 20℃
 𝐦𝐅 𝐍𝐀 √𝛑 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝐱𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐 √𝛑
∑𝐟 = 𝛔𝐚𝐅 (𝐄𝟎 )𝐠 𝐅 (𝐓) = 𝟒 𝐱 𝐱𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟓𝟗𝐱𝟓𝟖𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
𝐌𝐅 𝐕 𝟐 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝐱 𝛑(𝟓𝟎)𝟑 𝟐
𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐫 𝐏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐫
∴ ∅(𝐫) = 𝐀 = = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟒𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑
𝐫 𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝐄𝐑 ∑𝐟 𝐫 𝐫

(c)
𝐝∅ 𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟑𝐱𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟑𝐱𝟓𝟎) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟑𝐱𝟓𝟎)
J(R) = -D = −𝟎. 𝟓𝐱𝟑. 𝟔𝟒𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐱 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬 / 𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝐝𝐫 𝐫 𝐑 𝟓𝟎𝟐

∴ 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐠𝐞 = 4𝛑𝐑𝟐 𝐉(𝐑) = 𝟒𝛑(𝟓𝟎)𝟐 𝐱𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐬𝐞𝐜

(d) consumption rate
= 1.05(1+𝛂)P gm/day = 1.05 x (1+0.169)x50x𝟏𝟎 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟏𝟒𝐠𝐦/𝐝𝐚𝐲

21. The flux in a bare-finite cylindrical reactor of radius r and height H is given by ¢ = Alo ( 2.405r ) cos (rriiz )
Find A if the reactor is operated at a power of P watts.

[sol]
𝐌(𝐮) 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝛒 𝐔 𝟐𝟑𝟓 = 𝛒(𝐔𝐎𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 ) = 30x = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟐=0.01942gm/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐌(𝐔𝐎𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 ) 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝐱𝟔 𝟑𝟐

𝐍𝐅 𝛒𝐅 𝐌𝐌 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟖 𝟑
= = =1.49x𝟏𝟎
𝐍𝐌 𝛒𝐌 𝐌𝐅 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝟑𝟓

𝐍𝐅 𝛔𝐚𝐅 𝟑 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖𝐱𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
Z= = 1.49x𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗
𝐍𝐌 𝛔𝐚𝐌 𝟎.𝟓𝟖𝟗

𝐙
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟖
𝐙+𝟏

𝐤 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝐱 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟖 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟗𝟕

𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (1-0.628) x 8.1 = 3.013c𝐦𝟐
𝐌𝐓 𝟐 = 𝐋𝟐𝐓 + 𝛄𝐓 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟐

𝐤 𝟏 𝟎.𝟐𝟗𝟕
𝐁𝟐 = = = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕𝐱𝟏𝟎 𝟑
𝐌𝐓 𝟑𝟎.𝟎𝟏

i) For Spherical tank

𝛑 𝟐
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 = , ∴ 𝐑 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟖 𝐜𝐦
𝐑
ii) For cylindrical tank

𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟐 𝛑 𝟐 𝟖.𝟕𝟔𝟑
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
= + = ,
𝐑 𝐇 𝐑

∴ 𝐑 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟔 𝐜𝐦 𝐇 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝐜𝐦

22. It is proposed to store H2O solutions of fully enriched uranyl sulfate (235UO2So4) with a concentration of
30 g of this chemical per liter. Is this a safe procedure when using a tank of unspecified size?

𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐌(𝐔) 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐠

[sol] 𝛒 𝐔 = 𝛒(𝐔𝐎𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 ) = 𝟑𝟎 ∗ = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐 𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐌(𝐔𝐎𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 ) 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟔∗𝟔/𝟑𝟐 𝐥
𝐍𝐟 𝛒𝐟 𝐌𝐦 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐∗𝟏𝟖 𝟑
= = = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝐍𝐦 𝛒𝐌 𝐌𝐅 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝐍𝐟 𝛔𝐚𝐟 𝟑 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖∗𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
𝐙= = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗
𝐍𝐦 𝛔𝐚𝐦 𝟎.𝟓𝟖𝟗
𝛔𝐚𝐟 = 𝐠 𝐚𝐟 (𝟐𝟎)𝛔𝐚𝐟 (𝐄𝟎 )
𝐙𝐚𝐦 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟕
𝛔𝐚𝐦 = = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟗
𝐍𝐦 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟑∗𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝐙
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟖
𝟏 𝐙
𝐤 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟖 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟗𝟕
 𝐋𝟐𝐓 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟖) ∗ 𝟖. 𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐌𝐓𝟐 = 𝐋𝟐𝐓 + 𝛕𝐓 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐤 𝟏 𝟎.𝟐𝟗𝟕
𝐁𝟐 = 𝟐 = = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐌𝐓 𝟑𝟎.𝟎𝟏
For spherical tank
𝛑
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 = ( )𝟐 , 𝐑 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟖 𝐜𝐦
𝐑
For cylindrical tank
𝟐.𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝟐 𝛑 𝟖.𝟕𝟔𝟐
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 = ( ) + ( )𝟐 =
𝐑 𝐇 𝐑
𝐑 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟔𝐜𝐦, 𝐇 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝐜𝐦

23. Show that the flux in a bare-cubical reactor of side a is

∅ = A(cos x)

[sol] 여기에 수식을 입력하십시오.

24. If the reactor in Problem 6.23 is operating at P watts, show that the constant A is
A=
∑ ( )

[sol] 여기에 수식을 입력하십시오.

25. A bare-thermal reactor in the shape of a cube consists of a homogeneous mixture of 235U and graphite. The
ratio of atom densities is Nf/Nm = 1.0*10-5 and the fuel temperature is 250°C. Using modified one-group
theory, calculate: (a) the critical dimensions; (b) the critical mass; (c) the maximum thermal flux when the
reactor operates at a power of 1 kW.

[sol] (𝐚)𝐠 𝐚 (𝟐𝟓𝟎) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟏𝟔

𝐍𝛔 𝟎.𝟗𝟒𝟏𝟔∗𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖
𝐙 = 𝐟 𝐚𝐟 = 𝟏. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟗
𝐍𝐦 𝛔𝐚𝐦 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝐙
𝐟= = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
𝟏 𝐙
𝐤 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓
𝐤 𝟏 𝐤 𝟏 𝐁 𝟏 𝟎.𝟑𝟓
𝐁𝟐 = 𝟐 = 𝟐 = 𝟐 = (𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟕
𝐜𝐦 𝟐
𝐌𝐓 𝐋𝐓 𝛕𝐓 (𝟏 𝐟)𝐋𝐓 𝛕𝐓 𝟎.𝟔𝟓)∗𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟔𝟖
𝛑
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐮𝐛𝐞, 𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
= 𝟑( )𝟐 , 𝐚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝐜𝐦
𝐚
𝐍𝐟 𝐌𝐟 𝟓 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟒
(𝐛)𝛒𝐅 = 𝛒𝐌 = 𝟏. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐍𝐦 𝐌𝐌 𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟒
𝐦𝐦 = 𝐕𝛒𝐅 = (𝟑𝟔𝟕) ∗ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝐠 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓 𝐤𝐠
𝛒𝐅 𝐍𝐀 𝟑.𝟖𝟕∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
(𝐜) ∑ 𝐟 = 𝛔𝐅𝐟 = (𝟑𝟔𝟕)∗𝟑.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 ∗𝟐.𝟖𝟏∗𝟏𝟎 𝟐 = 𝟖. 𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟗 #/𝐜𝐦𝟐
𝐌𝐟
26. The origin version of the Brookhaven Research reactor consisted of a cube of graphite that contained a
regular array of natural uranium rods, each of which was located in an air channel through the graphite. When
the reactor was operated at a thermal power level of 22 MW, the average fuel temperature was approximately
300°C and the maximum thermal flux was 5*1012 neutrons/cm2-sec. The average values of L and τ were
325 cm2 and 396 cm2, respectively, and k = 1.0735. (a) calculate the critical dimensions of the reactor; (b)
What was the total amount of natural uranium in the reactor?

𝐤 𝟏 𝐤 𝟏 𝟏.𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟓 𝟏
[sol] 𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟐 = = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟐
𝐌𝐓 𝐋𝟐𝐓 𝛕𝐓 𝟑𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟗𝟔
𝛑 𝟐
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
= 𝟑( ) , 𝐚 = 𝟓𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝐜𝐦
𝐚
𝐤 𝟏.𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟓
𝐛) 𝐟 = = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟐
𝛈𝐓 𝟐.𝟎𝟓𝟓
𝐟 𝐍𝐟 𝛔𝐚𝐟 𝐍𝐅 𝟎.𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟔∗𝟔𝟖𝟎.𝟖 𝐍𝐅 𝟔
𝐙= = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟐= = , = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝐟 𝐍𝐦 𝛔𝐚𝐦 𝐍𝐌
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒 𝐍𝐌
𝐍𝐟 𝐌𝐟 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝛒𝐅 = 𝛒𝐌 = 𝟏. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐍𝐦 𝐌𝐌 𝟏𝟐
𝐍(𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝐔) 𝛒(𝟐𝟑𝟓)𝐌(𝐔)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐 =
𝐍(𝐔) 𝛒(𝐔)𝐌(𝟐𝟑𝟓)
𝟒 𝟐𝟑𝟖.𝟎𝟑 𝟏 𝐠
𝛒(𝐮) = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ ∗ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟔 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐮
𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟑
 𝐦 = 𝐕𝛒 = (𝟓𝟑𝟖. 𝟖)𝟑 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟔 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐠
(𝐜)𝐤 𝐞𝐟𝐟 = 𝐤 𝐏 𝐤 𝟏
) 𝐍𝐋
𝟏 𝐁 𝟐 𝐋𝟐 𝟐
𝐓 (𝟏 𝐁 𝛕𝐭
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥, 𝐤 = 𝟏, 𝐤 = 𝟏 + 𝐁 𝟐 𝐋𝟐𝐓 (𝟏 + 𝐁 𝟐 𝛕𝐭 ), 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟓 = (𝟏 + 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝐁 𝟐 )(𝟏 + 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝐁 𝟐 )
𝛑
𝐁 𝟐 = 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟐 , 𝟑( )𝟐 = 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 , 𝐚 = 𝟓𝟒𝟒𝐜𝐦
𝐚

27. Using one-group theory, derive expressions for the flux and the condition for criticality for the following
reactors: (a) an infinite slab of thickness a, infinite reflector on both sides; (b) an infinite slab of thickness a,
reflectors of thickness n on sides; (c) a sphere of radius R, reflector of thickness b.

[sol] 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲

< 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 >
𝟏
−𝐃𝛕𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) + ∑𝐚 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝛖 ∑𝐟 ∅𝐜 (𝐫)
𝐤𝐞𝐟𝐟
𝟐
𝛁 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) + =𝟎 𝐁𝐜𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫)
< 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 >
−𝐃𝛕𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) + ∑𝐚 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝟎
𝟏 𝐃
𝛁 𝟐 ∅𝐑 (𝐫) − 𝟐 ∅𝐑 (𝐫) = 𝟎, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐋𝟐 = ∑
𝐋 𝐚
𝐚)
𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐝𝟐
∅𝐜 (𝐱) + 𝐁𝐜𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐱) = 𝟎, ∅𝐜 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐱 + 𝐂𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐱
𝐝𝛕𝟐
𝐝∅ (𝐱)
𝐁. 𝐂, 𝐜 ]𝐱 𝟎 = 𝟎, ==> 𝐶 = 0
𝐝𝐱
∴ ∅𝐜 = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐱
𝟐) 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐰𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐱
𝐝𝟐 𝟏
∅𝐑 (𝐱) − 𝟐 ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝟎, ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐀` 𝐞 𝐱𝛌
+ 𝐂`𝐞 𝐥
𝐝𝛕𝟐 𝐋
𝐁. 𝐂, 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→ ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝟎, 𝐝 = 𝟎
∴ ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐀` 𝐞 𝐱/𝐋
𝟑) 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐚
𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝐚 𝐚
∅𝐜 = ∅𝐑 … … (𝟏), 𝐉𝐜 = 𝐉𝐑 … … (𝟐), 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 = 𝐀` 𝐞 𝟐𝐋 … … (𝟑)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐚 𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐚 𝐃𝐑 𝐀` 𝐱/𝐋 𝐃𝐑 𝐀` 𝐚/𝟐𝐋
𝐉𝐜 = −𝐃𝐜 𝐀𝐁𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐱]𝐱 𝐚 = 𝐀𝐃𝐜 𝐁𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 … … (𝟒), 𝐉𝐑 = 𝐞 ]𝐱 𝐚 = 𝐞
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝐋 𝟐 𝐋
𝐚
𝐚
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 −𝐞 𝟐𝐋
𝐀 𝟎
𝟐
𝐚 =
𝐃𝐜 𝐁𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐞
𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐃𝐑
𝟐𝐋
𝐀` 𝟎
𝟐 𝐋
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐨𝐧 − 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝐚 𝐚
𝐃𝐑 𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐚
𝐞 𝟐𝐋 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝐁𝐜 𝐃𝐜 𝐞 𝟐𝐋 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜
𝐋 𝟐 𝟐
𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐃
∴ 𝐃𝐜 𝐁𝐜 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = 𝐑, 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝟐 𝐋
∅𝐜 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐱
𝐚 𝐱
𝐚
∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐞𝟐𝐋 𝐞 𝐋
𝟐
b)
1) core region
∅𝐜 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐱
2) reflector region
𝐝𝟐 𝟏
∅𝐑 (𝐱) − ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝟎
𝐝𝐱𝟐 𝐋𝟐
𝐱 𝐱
∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐀` 𝐞 + 𝐂 ` 𝐞𝐋 𝐋
𝐱 𝐱 𝐅 𝐱
= 𝐀`` 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 + 𝐂 `` 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 = 𝐄𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡( )
𝐋 𝐋 𝐋
𝐚
𝐁. 𝐂, ∅𝐑 +𝐛 =𝟎
𝟐
𝐚
𝐅 𝟐 𝐛 𝐚
𝐄 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 = 𝟎, ====> 𝐹 = + 𝐛
𝐋 𝟐
𝐚
𝐛 𝐱
∴ ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐄𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟐
𝐋
2) Interface condition
 𝐚 𝐚 𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐛
∅𝐜 = ∅𝐑 , 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝐄𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝐋
𝐚
𝐚 𝐚 𝐃𝐑 𝐛 𝐱
𝐉𝐜 = 𝐉𝐑 , [𝐃𝐜 𝐀𝐁𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐱 = 𝐄 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡(𝟐 )]𝐱 𝐚
𝟐 𝟐 𝐋 𝐋 𝟐
𝐚 𝐃𝐜 𝐛
𝐀𝐁𝐜 𝐃𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 =𝐄 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝟐 𝐋 𝐋
𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐛
𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐀
𝟐 𝐋
=𝟎
𝐁𝐜 𝐃𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐁𝐜 𝐚
−
𝐃𝐑
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡
𝐛 𝐄
𝟐 𝐋 𝐋
𝐃𝐑 𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐛 𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐛
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 = 𝐁𝐜 𝐃𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝐋 𝟐 𝐋 𝟐 𝐋
𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐃𝐑 𝐛
∴ 𝐁𝐜 𝐃𝐜 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 , 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝟐 𝐋 𝐋
𝐚
𝐛 𝐱
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟐
𝐁𝐜 𝐚 𝐋
∅𝐜 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐱, ∅𝐑 (𝐱) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐛
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝐋

c)
1) core region
𝛁 𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) + 𝐁𝐜𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝟎
𝟏 𝐝 𝟐 𝐝∅𝐜 (𝐫)
𝟐 𝐫 + 𝐁𝐜𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝟎
𝐫 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐫
𝐰(𝐫)
𝐋𝐞𝐭, ∅𝐜 (𝐫) =
𝐫
𝐫 𝟐 ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝐰 𝐫 − 𝐰
𝟏 𝐝 𝐝∅𝐜 (𝐫) 𝟏 𝐝𝟐 𝐰
=> (𝐫 𝟐 )=
𝐫 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐫 𝐫 𝐝𝐫 𝟐
𝐝𝟐 𝐰(𝐫)
+ 𝐁𝐜 𝐰(𝐫) = 𝟎, 𝐰(𝐫) = 𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐫 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐁𝐜 𝐫
𝐝𝐫 𝟐
𝐜 𝐜 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁 𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁 𝐫
∴ ∅𝐫 (𝐫) = 𝐀 +𝐂
𝐫 𝐫
𝐁. 𝐂, 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫→ ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞, 𝐀 = 𝟎
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐫
∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝐂
𝐫
2) reflector region
𝟏 𝐝 𝟐 𝐝∅𝐑 (𝐫) 𝟏
𝟐 𝐫 + 𝟐 ∅𝐑 (𝐫) = 𝟎
𝐫 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐫 𝐋
𝐂 𝐋
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐋
∅𝐑 (𝐫) = 𝐀 𝐫
𝟏
𝐂 𝐑 𝐛
𝐁. 𝐂, ∅𝐑 (𝐑 + 𝐛) = 𝐀 𝐑 𝐛 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 = 𝟎, 𝐂 = 𝐑 + 𝐛
𝐋
𝟏 𝐑 𝐛 𝐱
∴ ∅𝐑 (𝐫) = 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐫
𝐋
3) interface condition
𝐛
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐋
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑
∅𝐜 (𝐑) = ∅𝐑 (𝐑), 𝐂 =𝐀 𝐑
𝐑
𝐉𝐜(𝐑) = 𝐉𝐑 (𝐑)
𝐃𝐜 𝐃𝐑 𝐑 𝐛 𝐛
− [−𝐁𝐜 𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑]𝐂 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐀
𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟐 𝐋 𝐋 𝐋
𝐛
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐫 𝐑 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐋
− 𝐂
𝐑 𝐑 =𝟎
𝐃𝐜 𝐃𝐑 𝐑 𝐛 𝐛 𝐀
[−𝐁𝐜 𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑] − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟐 𝐋 𝐋 𝐋
𝐃𝐑 𝐑 𝐛 𝐛 𝐃𝐜 𝐛
∴ 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 = 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
[−𝐁𝐜 𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜 𝐑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑]
𝐑 𝐋 𝐋 𝐋 𝐑 𝐋
𝐑 𝐛
∴ 𝐃𝐜 [−𝐁𝐜 𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐁𝐜 𝐑 + 𝟏] = 𝐃𝐑 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 + 𝟏 , 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐋 𝐋
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐫
∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝐂
𝐫
𝐑 𝐛 𝐫
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
∅𝐑 (𝐫) = 𝐂𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐜 𝐑 𝐋
𝐛
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐫
𝐋

28. The core of a spherical reactor consists of a homogeneous mixture of 235U and graphite with a fuel-
moderator atom ration Nf/Nm = 6.8 * 10-6 The core is surrounded by an infinite graphite reflector. The reactor
operates at a thermal power of 100 kW. Calculate the: (a) value of k∞; (b) critical core radius; (c) critical mass;
(d) reflector savings; (e)thermal flux throughout the reactor; (f) maximum-to-average flux ratio.
[sol]
𝐍𝐅
= 𝟔. 𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 , 𝐏𝐭𝐡 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐖
𝐍𝐌
⏞𝐚𝐅
𝐍𝐅 𝛔 𝟔 𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟖∗𝟔𝟑𝟎.𝟖
E

𝐚) 𝐙 = ⏞𝐚𝐌
= 𝟔. 𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝐍𝐌 𝛔 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝐙 𝟏
0
𝐟 = o = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟏
𝐙
𝛈𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟓
∴ 𝐤 = 𝛈𝐓 𝐟 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟕𝟗
𝐛) 𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐜 = (𝟏 − 𝐟)𝟐 𝐋𝟐𝐓𝐌 = (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟏) ∗ 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝐜𝐦 𝟐
@
@
Do
@@k
wt o

𝐤 𝟏 𝟏.𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝟏
𝐁𝟐 = 𝟐 = 𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝟒
𝐜𝐦 𝟐
𝐋𝐓𝐜 𝟏.𝟓𝟎𝟐∗𝟏𝟎
𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞, 𝐬𝐨
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐁𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐁𝐑 = − , 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐁𝐑 = − = 𝟒 = −𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟐, 𝐁𝐑 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟔𝟓
𝐋𝐓𝐫 𝐁𝐋𝐓𝐫 (𝟏.𝟏𝟗𝟐∗𝟏𝟎 )𝟎.𝟓 ∗𝟓𝟗
𝟐.𝟓𝟔𝟓 𝟐
∴𝐑= = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦
(𝟏.𝟏𝟗𝟐∗𝟏𝟎 𝟒 )𝟎.𝟓
𝐍𝐅 𝐌𝐅 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝐜)𝛒𝐅 = 𝛒𝐌 = 𝟏. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟔. 𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 ∗ = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝐍𝐌 𝐌𝐌 𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟒
𝐦𝐅 = 𝐯𝛒𝐅 = 𝛑𝐑𝟑 𝛒𝐅 = 𝛑 ∗ (𝟐. 𝟑𝟒𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟐 )𝟑 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐠
𝟑 𝟑
𝛑
𝐝) 𝐁 = , 𝐑 𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝐜𝐦
𝐑 𝟎
∴ 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬, 𝛅 = 𝐑 𝟎 − 𝐑 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟕𝟗𝐜𝐦
𝐏𝐁 𝟐
𝐞) 𝐀 = = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
𝟒𝛑∗𝟑.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 ∗𝟑.𝟏𝟎𝟑∗𝟏𝟎 𝟒 ∗[𝐠𝐧 (𝟐.𝟓𝟔𝟓) 𝟐.𝟓𝟔𝟓𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐.𝟓𝟔𝟓]
𝛒 𝐍 𝟐.𝟏𝟑𝟏∗𝟏𝟎 𝟒 ∗𝟔.𝟎𝟐𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟒
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞, 𝚺𝐟 = 𝐅 𝐀 𝛔⏞𝐅 = ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟕𝟗
hmun
5
∗ 𝟓𝟖𝟐. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
𝐌 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝐄𝐑 = 𝟑. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝐊𝐉, 𝐁𝐑 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟔𝟓
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐑
∴ ∅𝐜 (𝐫) = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑
𝐫
𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝐟) ∅𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫→𝟎 ∅(𝐫) = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝐁 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏
𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝟏 𝐏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
∅𝐚𝐯 = ∫𝐯 ∅𝐜 𝐝𝐯 = =𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝐯 𝐯𝐄𝐑 ∑𝐟 𝛑(𝟐.𝟑𝟒𝟗∗𝟏𝟎𝟐 )𝟑 ∗𝟑.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 ∗𝟑.𝟏𝟎𝟑∗𝟏𝟎 𝟒
𝟑
∅𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝟑.𝟖𝟕
∴𝛀= = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟔
∅𝐚𝐯 𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟓

29. Estimate the new critical radius and critical mass of a reactor with the same composition as described in
problem 6.20 when the core is surrounded by an infinite beryllium reflector.

[Sol]
𝟒𝛑
ρF=mF/V=1741/ (50)3=3.325ⅹ10-3g/cm3
𝟑
Z=4.98
f=Z/Z+1=0.083
k∞=ηTf =2.065ⅹ0.833=1.73
LTC2=(1-f) LTM2=(1-0.833)480=80.16cm2
B2=k∞-1/ LTC2=0.72/80.16=8.892·10-3·cm-2
B=0.0948cm-1

Sjince the moderater is the same as reflector,

BcotBR=-1/ LTr
cotBR=-1/0.0948·21=-0.502
BR=2.23
R=2.23/B=2.23/0.0948=23.5cm
Critical mass
𝟒𝛑
mF= (23.5cm)3·3.325·10-3g/cm3
𝟑
=181.7g

30. Show that the solution to the one-speed diffusion equation in an infinite cylinder made of a nonmultiplying
media as ∅ = AKo + CIo
Where Ko and J1 are modified Bessel functions.

31. An infinite-cylinder reactor core of radius R is surrounded by an infinitely thick reflector. Using one-group
theory, (a) find the expressions for the fluxes in the core and reflector; (b) show that the condition for criticality
is
DcBⅹ{J1(BR)/Jo(BR)= Dr/Lr ⅹ{K1(R/Lr)/Ko(R/Lr)}

Where Jo and J1 are ordinary Bessel functions and Ko and K1 are modified Bessel functions.

[Sol]
a) infinite cylindrical reactor
i) In the core region
𝟏
-Dc∇2∅(r) +∑ 𝐚𝐜 ∅(r)- ν∑ 𝐟 ∅(r)
𝐊𝐞𝐟𝐟
∇ ∅(r) +B ∅(r)=0,
2 2
where, B2=(1/keff· ν∑fc-∑ac)/Dc
𝐝 𝐝
1/r · r ∅c(r) + B2∅(r)=0
𝐝𝐫 𝐝𝐫
∅c(r)=AcJo(BR)+CcYo(BR)

B.C 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫 𝟎 ∅𝐜(r)(finite) ∴ Cc=0

∴ ∅𝐜(r)= AcJo(BR)
ii) for the reflector region
-Dc∇2∅(r) +∑ 𝐚𝐫 ∅r(r)=0
∇2∅(r) –(1/Lr2)∅r(r)=0
𝐝 𝐝
1/r · r ∅c(r) – (1/Lr)∅r(r)=0
𝐝𝐫 𝐝𝐫
∴ ∅r(r)=ArIo(r/Lr)+Crko(r/Lr)
B.C 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫 𝟎 ∅𝐫(r)=0 →Ar=0
∴ ∅r(r)= CrKo(r/Lr)
iii) Interface condition
Φc(R)= Φr(R)
𝐝 𝐝
-Dc ∅c(r) [r=R]=-Dr ∅r(r) [r=R]
𝐝𝐫 𝐝𝐫
AcJo(BR)+ CrKo(B/Lr) …………….①
-DcAcBJ1(BR)—drcr91/Lr)K1(R/Lr)…………………②
From ①
Cr=AcJo(BR)/Ko(R/Lr)
∴ Φc(R)= AcJo(Br)
Φr(R)= AcJo(Br)/( Ko(R/Lr))· Ko(r/Lr)
𝐑
P=K∑f∫𝟏 𝚽𝐜(𝐫)2πrdr
= 2πk∑f Ac·(R/B)·J1(BR)
Ac=PB/2πk∑f R J1(BR)
∴ ∅𝐫(r)= PB/2πk∑f R J1(BR)·Jo(Br)
∅𝐫(r)= PB/2πk∑f R J1(BR)·Jo(Br)/Ko(R/Lr)·Ko(r/Lr)

b) From ①, ②

Jo(Br) Ko(R/Lr) →0
-DcBJ1(BR) -Dr(1/Lr)K1(R/Lr)

Critical condition
DcB J1(BR)/ Jo(Br)/ = Dr/Lr · K1(R/Lr) / Ko(R/Lr)

32. The core of an infinite planar thermal reactor consists of a solution of 239Pu and H2O with a plutonium
concentration of 8.5 g/liter. The core is reflected on both faces by infinitely thick H2 reflectors. (a) reflector
savings, (b) critical thickness of the core, (c) critical mass in g/cm2.
[Sol]
Z=NF·𝛔aF / NM·𝛔aM =ρFMMgaF(20°C) 𝛔aF(Eo)/ 𝛒MMF𝛔am(Eo) =8.5·10-3·18·1.0723·1011.3/1·239·0.664
=1.045
f=Z/Z+1=0.511
LT2=(1-f) LTM2=(1-0.511)8.1=3.96cm2
τT=27 cm2
MT2=3.96+27=30.96 cm2

Reflector savings
δ=7.2+0.1ⅹ(MT2-40.0)=6.296cm

b) δ=0.5(ao-a) → a= ao-2δ
B12=(π/ ao)2=k∞-1/ MT2=
ao=π√ MT2/ k∞-1= π√ MT2/ ηTf-1=π√30.96/(2.035·0.511-1)
=87.4cm
∴ a=87.4-2·6.296=74.8cm

c) mF=ρF·a= (NF·𝛔aM MF / NM MM)a

= 6.4·10-4∙(1·239/18) ·748
=0.636g/cm2

33. The core of a thermal reactor consists of a sphere, 50cm in radius, that contains a homogeneous mixture of
235
U and ordinary H2O. This core is surrounded by infinite thick H2O reflector. (a) What is the reflector savings ?
(b) What is the critical mass? (c) If the maximum thermal flux is 1ⅹ1013 neutrons/cm2-sec, at what power is the
reactor operating? [ Hint: compute the M for core assuming the reactor is bare and of radius 50 cm. Use this
value of M to estimate δ and then compute new M assuming reactor is bare and of radius 50 + δ. Interate
until convergence is obtained.]

[Sol]
a)
ηT=2.065 , LT2=8.1cm2, τTM=27cm2
𝛑 𝛑
B2=( )2=( )2=3.948·10-3cm-2
𝐑 𝟓𝟎
Z=1+ B2(LT2+τTM)/ ηT-1- B2·τTM=[1+3.948·10-3(8.1+27)/(2.065-1-3.948·10-3·27)=1.188
f=Z/Z+1=5.430·10-1
LT2=(1-f) LTM2=(1-5.430·10-1)8.1=3.702cm2
MT2= LT2 + τTM = 3.702+27=30.702 cm2

Reactor savings
δ=7.2+0.10(LT2 -40.0)
=7.25+0.10((30-40.0)
=6.270

b)
R=50+ δ=56.270
B2=(π/56.270)2=3.117ⅹ10-3cm
=[1+3.117·10-3(8.1+27)/(2.065-1-3.117·10-3·27)=1.131
f=Z/Z+1=5.308·10-1
LT2=(1-f) LTM2=(1-5.308·10-1)8.1=3.801
MT2=3.801+27=30.801 cm2
ρF=ρM·Z·( MF𝛔am(Eo))/ MMgaF(20°C) gaF(Eo)
= 1ⅹ1.131ⅹ235ⅹ0.589/(18ⅹ0.978ⅹ680.8)=1.306ⅹ10-2g/cm3
ηT=ν · ρF=4/3·πR3· ρF=4/3·π(50) ·· ρF
= 6.839kg

c)
 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐑
∅(r)=A , B=π/R=5.583ⅹ10-2cm-1
𝐫
∅max=𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫 𝟎 ∅(r)=AB
A=∅max/B=1·103/5.583·10-2=1.791·1014 neutrons/cm·sec
P=4πAER∑f(SinBR-BRcosBR)/B2
=4π·1.79ⅹ1014 ⅹ3.2·10-11ⅹ1.901ⅹ10-2(Sin2.792-2.792cos2.792)/3.117ⅹ10-3
=1.303ⅹ106W=1.303MW

34. A spherical-breeder reactor consists of a core of radius R surrounded by a breeding blanket of thickness b.
The infinite multiplication factor for the core k∞ is greater than unity, whereas that for the blanket k∞ is less
than unity. Using one-group theory, derive the critical conditions and expressions for the flux throughout the
reactor.

[Sol]
At the core region
-Dc∇2∅c +∑a∅c=K∞𝐜∑a∅c
∇2∅c+B2∅c=0 where, K∞ − 𝟏/Lc2= B2
𝐀 𝐀′
∅c(r)= sinBcr+ cosBcr
𝐫 𝐫
𝐀
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐫 𝟎 ∅𝐜(r)=finite → A’=0 ∅c(r)= sinBcr
𝐫

At the blanket
-Db∇2∅b +∑ab∅b= K∞b∑b∅b
∇2∅b+B2∅b=0 where B2b=-( K∞b-1/Lb2)
𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐
∅b(r)= sinBbr+ cosBbr
𝐫 𝐫

B.C
𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐
∅b(R+b)=0=∅b(r)= sinBb(R+b)+ cosBb(R+b)
𝐑 𝐛 𝐑 𝐛
C2=-tanh[Bb(R+b)]

𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟏
∅b(r)= sinBbr - tanh(Bb(R+b) cosBbr
𝐫 𝐫
𝐂𝟏
= sech[Bb(R9b)][sinhBbr cosh Bb(R+b)-coshBbr coshBbr
𝐫
𝐂𝟏
= sech Bb(R+b)·sinh Bb(r-R-b)
𝐫

Interface condition

i) ∅b(R)= ∅c(R)
A/R·sinBcR=C1/R·sech Bb(R+b)sinh(-Bbb)
= -C1/R·sech Bb(R+b)sinh(Bbb)………………. ①

ii) ∅′c(r)=A/r2·(Bcr·cos Bcr-sin Bcr)

∅′b(r)=C1/r2sech Bb(R+b)[ BcrcoshBb(r-R-b)-sinhBb(r-R-b)]

Dc∅′c(r)=Db’(R)

DcA[BcRcosBcr-sinBcr]-C1sechBb(R+b)[BcrcoshBb(r-R-b)-sinBb(r-R-b)………….. ②
From the eq. ①,②, the criticality condition is
sinBcR -sechBb(R+b)sinhBbb

Dc[BcRcosBcr-sinBcr] sechBb(R+b)[ BcrcoshBb(r-R-b)-sinBb(r-R-b)

 ∴ (BcRcotBbb+1)=Dc/Db·[1-BcRcotBcR] critical condition
C1=-A·sinBcR/[sechBb(R+b)·sinhBbb]

∅c(r)=A/r·sinBcr
∅b(r)=- A/rⅹsinBcR÷[sechBb(R+b)·sinBbb]ⅹsechBb(R+b)sinhBb(r-R-b)
=- A/rⅹ [sinBcR/sinhBcb]ⅹsinh Bb(r-R-b)

𝐑 𝐑
P=ER∑f∫𝟎 ∅𝐜(𝐫)dv= ER∑f∫𝟎 𝐀/𝐫 ∙ 𝐬𝐢𝐧Bcr·4πr2dr
= 4 ER∑f 𝐀R2
∴ A=p/4 ER∑f R2
∴ ∅c(r)= p/4 ER∑f R2ⅹsinBcr/r
∅b(r)=- p/4 ER∑f R2ⅹsinBcR/sinhBbbⅹsinhBb(r-R-b)/r

35. Plate-type fuel elements for an experimental reactor consist of sandwiches of uranium and aluminum. Each
sandwich is 7.25 cm wide and 0.16 cm thick. The cladding is aluminum that is 0.050 cm thick. The meat is an
alloy of fully enriched uranium and aluminum which has 20 w/o uranium and a density of approximately 3.4
g/cm3. (a) Estimate the mean free path of thermal neutrons in the meat and cladding in this fuel element. (b) Is a
reactor fueled with these elements quasi-homogeneous or heterogeneous?

[sol] meat : 20 w/o uranium + 80 w/o aluminum

ρ of meat : 3.4 g/cm3
𝟏
(a) mean free path λ = ∑
𝐭
i) in cladding
𝛒𝐍 𝟐.𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟗 ×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
N= 𝐀 = <from Table II.3>
𝐌 𝟐𝟔.𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓
22 3
= 6.02595 × 10 atoms/cm
σt = σa + σs = 0.230 + 1.49 = 1.72 b = 1.72 × 10-24 cm2 <from Table II.3>
𝟏
λc = = 9.64819 ≒ 9.65 cm
𝟔.𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟓 ×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 ×𝟏.𝟕𝟐 ×𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
ii) in meat
𝟑.𝟒 ×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
N(Al) = 0.8 × <from Table II.3>
𝟐𝟔.𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓
22 3
= 6.07081 × 10 atoms/cm
𝟑.𝟒 ×𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
N(U) = 0.2 × <from atom.kaeri.kr>
𝟐𝟑𝟓.𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟗
21 3
1.74222 × 10 atoms/cm
σt(Al) = 1.72 × 10-24 cm2
σt(U) = 698.2 × 10-24 cm2 <from atom.kaeri.kr>
𝟏
λm = = 0.757096 ≒ 0.76 cm
𝟔.𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟖𝟏 ×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 ×𝟏.𝟕𝟐 ×𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟒 𝟏.𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 ×𝟔𝟗𝟖.𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦 𝟏
(b) λ = λc + λm = 10.41 cm
λ >> thickness of a fuel rod(0.61cm) <from 310 page>
 quasi-homogeneous

36. The fuel sandwiches in the reactor in the preceding problem were braised into aluminum holders and placed
in a uniform array in an ordinary water moderator. The (total) metal-water volume ratio is 0.73, and there are
120 atoms of aluminum per atom of uranium. Calculate: (a) the thermal utilization; (b) k∞; (c) the thermal
diffusion length. [Note: In part (c), compute the value of D for the homogeneous mixture by cladding together
the macroscopic transport cross-sections of the aluminum and water. For Σtr of water, use D, where D is the
experimental value of D for water, corrected of course for density.]

[sol] (a) Vmetal + Vwater = V

𝐕𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥
= 0.73
𝐕𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫
Vwater = 0.578V, Vmetal = 0.422V
𝛒𝐍 × 𝐕 𝟏 × 𝐍𝐀 ×𝟎.𝟓𝟕𝟖
Nwater = 𝐀 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 = = 1.934 × 10-2 × 1024 atoms/cm3
𝐌𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 ×𝐕 𝟏𝟖