Technical Presentation 2 - Pumps and Pump Systems for Plumbing - Allan Dumalay

National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

“FIRST TECHNICAL CONFERENCE”
January 29, 2022
Davao City via ZOOM
“Pumps and Pumps Systems for

Plumbing ”
ALLAN S. DUMALAY, nampap
Pumps General Classifications
- end suction pumps

- in-line pumps
- double suction pumps
- vertical multistage pumps
- horizontal multistage pumps - Reciprocating pumps - piston, plunger and
- submersible pumps diaphragm
- self-priming pumps - Power pumps
- axial-flow pumps - Steam pumps
- regenerative pumps - Rotary pumps - gear, lobe, screw, vane,
regenerative (peripheral) and progressive cavity
Centrifugal or Roto-dynamic
Pumps Positive Displacement Pumps
Flow Rate and Pressure Head
The two types of pumps behave very differently regarding
pressure head and flow rate:
• The Centrifugal Pump has varying flow depending on the
system pressure or head
• The Positive Displacement Pump has more or less a constant
flow regardless of the system pressure or head. Positive
Displacement pumps generally makes more pressure than
Centrifugal Pump's.
Capacity and Viscosity

Another major difference between the pump types is the effect
of viscosity on capacity:
• In a Centrifugal Pump the flow is reduced when the viscosity
is increased
• In a Positive Displacement Pump the flow is increased when
viscosity is increased
Mechanical Efficiency
The pumps behaves different considering mechanical
efficiency as well.
• Changing the system pressure or head has little or no effect
on the flow rate in a Positive Displacement Pump
• Changing the system pressure or head may have a dramatic
effect on the flow rate in a Centrifugal Pump
Net Positive Suction Head - NPSH

Another consideration is the Net Positive Suction Head -
NPSH.
• In a Centrifugal Pump, NPSH varies as a function of flow
determined by pressure
• In a Positive Displacement Pump, NPSH varies as a function
of flow determined by speed. Reducing the speed of the
Positive Displacement Pump, reduces the NPSH
Multistage centrifugal pumps have multiple
liquid chambers (or stages) that are connected
in series.
Fluid enters the first chamber at suction line

pressure and leaves at some elevated pressure.
Upon leaving the first stage, the fluid enters
the second stage where the pressure is
increased further.
The more stages the pump has, the higher the

final discharge pressure. These pumps have the
unique ability to produce higher and higher
pressures with the addition of every stage, but
flow range always remains constant for a given
rpm.
There are a couple different types of multistage

pumps. Those with a horizontal shaft, and
those with a vertical shaft.
Modern Variable Speed Constant Pressure Pumps (Residential)
What is intelligent pump control?

SCALA2 features a built-in sensor, which constantly measures the discharge pressure. If the
pressure drops below the desired level, SCALA2 boosts its operation immediately to
compensate for the loss of pressure. We call it intelligent pump control and the result is
perfect water pressure.
Benefits
- Perfect water pressure: Intelligent pump control adjusts operation automatically
- Low noise: As quiet as a modern dishwasher (47 dB(A) in typical use)
- Easy selection: One variant for all domestic boosting needs
- Easy installation: Compact, all-in-one solution, plug-and-pump
- Easy to operate: User-friendly control panel
- Reliable operation: Dry-running protection, anti-cycling
- Long lifetime: Quality-tested to perfection, maintenance-free
VFD-Constant Pressure Pump Systems
A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), also known as a

constant pressure pump, is a type of motor controller that
drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and
voltage supplied to the electric motor.
Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive,

adjustable speed drive, or adjustable frequency drive. VFD
/ Constant Pressure Pumps are designed to start and stop
over and over again without causing damage to pump's
motor.
The VFD (variable frequency drive) allows the motor to

gradually ramp up to meet the actual flow and pressure
demand within the range of the pump's performance
capabilities. Unlike a traditional on demand pumps that
come on at full speed every time they turn on, VFD pumps
only run the motor at the speed that is needed to meet the
demand for water.
Well Pumps:
Foot Valve up to 7.6m below N.G.L. Foot Valve @ >7.6m to 21.33 m below N.G.L.
Submersible Pump are manufactured to reach/ extract water at below 21m to
121.90m levels, pump to be lowered at 243m (800 feet) below N.G.L. is
advertised available on the market.
A well test is conducted to evaluate the amount of
water that can be pumped from a particular water
well. More specifically, a well test will allow
prediction of the maximum rate at which water can
be pumped from a well, and the distance that the
water level in the well will fall for a given pumping
rate and duration of pumping.
Well testing differs from aquifer testing in that the

behavior of the well is primarily of concern in the
former, while the characteristics of the aquifer (the
geological formation or unit that supplies water to
the well) are quantified in the latter.
When water is pumped from a well the water level

in the well falls. This fall is called drawdown. The
amount of water that can be pumped is limited by
the drawdown produced. Typically, drawdown also
increases with the length of time that the pumping
continues.
Designers are advised to consider over extraction

of water destroys the environment, Jakarta,
Indonesia will be abandoned as subsidence
become a city wide problem.
Lowest Recovery Rate > 3 gallons per minute

What is cavitation? Cavitation can have a serious negative impact on
pump operation and lifespan. It can affect many aspects of a pump,
but it is often the pump impeller that is most severely impacted.
A relatively new impeller that has suffered from cavitation typically

looks like it has been in use for many years; the impeller material may
be eroded and it can be damaged beyond repair.
Cavitation occurs when the liquid in a pump turns to a vapor at low

pressure. It occurs because there is not enough pressure at the
suction end of the pump, or insufficient Net Positive Suction Head
available (NPSHa). When cavitation takes place, air bubbles are
created at low pressure. As the liquid passes from the suction side of
the impeller to the delivery side, the bubbles implode. This creates a
shockwave that hits the impeller and creates pump vibration and
mechanical damage, possibly leading to complete failure of the pump
at some stage.
Suction Inlet Submergence Depth = D + 0.574 Q/ D1.5
where : Q = Discharge in gpm
D = Pipe Diameter in inch
Vortex in low depth tank/ reservoirs

Anti-vortex plate
If a little bubbles can do harm to pump impellers, how more a solid vortex air, consider
a sufficient submergence depth or utilize anti-vortex plate for the purpose.
Common Parameter Required in Plumbing
System Pumps:
1. Head
System Pumps:
2. Discharge or Flow
Average Daily Demand
BP 220 & PD 957
150 Liters per capita per day
National Water Resources Board/ WHO
250 Liters per capita per day

System Pumps:
3. Design Factors
Maximum Day Demand Factor: 1.5 to 2.0 x ADD
Peak Day Demand Factor: 2.0 to 3.0 x ADD
Peak Hour : 8 Hours per day (Assumed activity of residence)

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
Grundfos Pump Name Plates
Pump Curves
Pump Curves
Sample Transfer Pump Design
For 7 Storey Condominium Building with 26 Units per Floor, Elevated Water Tank
Located at Open Deck 25m above Cistern Tank.
Elevated Water Tank Size & Elevation Head
26 units x 7 floors x 2.5 persons per unit x 150 Liters per person per day x 20% =
13,650 Liters say 14 cu.m. (by PD 957 requirement)
26 units x 7 floors x 2.5 persons per unit x 150 Liters per person per day x 200% / 8
= 17,062.50 Liters say 17 cu.m. (by peak flow design)
Fire Reserve = 256 Liters x 30 minutes = 7,680 Liters say 8 cu.m., Total Reservoir
Capacity = 17 + 8 = 25 cu.m.
Using 3mx5m Modular Assembled Tank, H = 1.73m say 2m
Tank Base = 0.40m Above Deck
Total Elevation Head = 25 + 2 + 0.40 = 27.40m

Using 2” Diameter PPR Pipe, assuming 30% of Length Added for Fittings.
L = 27.40 x 130% = 35.62m
Pump to Activate by level switch when half empty , t = 30 minutes
Q = 17 cu.m. / 2 / (30x60) = 0.00473 cu.m. per seconds (283.8 Lpm)

Friction Head = 0.112 x 35.62 = 3.99 meters
Total Head = 27.40 + 3.99 = 31.39 meters
Using formula: hp = QwE/(746e), e =70%, Q = 75 gpm, E=103 ft.
Hp = 0.00473 x 9,810 x 31.39 / ( 746 x 0.70 ) = 2.79 hp say 3 hp.

Using Manufacturers Pump Curve:
Sample Booster Pump Design
For Seventh Floor of a Condominium Building with 26 Units
Size of Pressure/ Bladder Tank = Q x running time

0.90x[1- [(P1+14.7) / (P2+14.7)]]
Q =26 units x 2.5 persons per unit x 150 Liters per capita per day x 200% / 8 =
2,437.50 say 0.000677 cu.m. per second (11 gpm)
Assume drawdown or running time = 2 minutes, P1 = 20 psi, P2 = 40 psi

Note: P2 = E, psi x 0.704 = meter, 40x0.704 = 28.16 meters
Size of Pressure/ Bladder Tank = 11 x 2
0.90x[1- (20+14.7) / (40+14.70)]
= 66.85 say 80 Gallons
Using formula: hp = QwE/(746e), e=50%, Q=11 gpm, E=92.39 ft.
Hp = 0.000677 x 9,810 x 28.16 / ( 746 x 0.5 ) = 0.51 hp say 0.60 hp.

Sample Booster Pump Design
Mobile Pump System for Sewage Collection and
Sewer Dredging:
Most Powerful Pump in the World.

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National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

“Pumps and Pumps Systems for

- end suction pumps

Capacity and Viscosity

Net Positive Suction Head - NPSH

Fluid enters the first chamber at suction line

The more stages the pump has, the higher the

There are a couple different types of multistage

What is intelligent pump control?

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), also known as a

Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive,

The VFD (variable frequency drive) allows the motor to

Well testing differs from aquifer testing in that the

When water is pumped from a well the water level

Designers are advised to consider over extraction

Lowest Recovery Rate > 3 gallons per minute

A relatively new impeller that has suffered from cavitation typically

Cavitation occurs when the liquid in a pump turns to a vapor at low

Vortex in low depth tank/ reservoirs

Average Daily Demand

BP 220 & PD 957

150 Liters per capita per day

National Water Resources Board/ WHO

250 Liters per capita per day

Maximum Day Demand Factor: 1.5 to 2.0 x ADD

Peak Day Demand Factor: 2.0 to 3.0 x ADD

Peak Hour : 8 Hours per day (Assumed activity of residence)

Elevated Water Tank Size & Elevation Head

Total Elevation Head = 25 + 2 + 0.40 = 27.40m

Pump to Activate by level switch when half empty , t = 30 minutes

Q = 17 cu.m. / 2 / (30x60) = 0.00473 cu.m. per seconds (283.8 Lpm)

Using formula: hp = QwE/(746e), e =70%, Q = 75 gpm, E=103 ft.

Hp = 0.00473 x 9,810 x 31.39 / ( 746 x 0.70 ) = 2.79 hp say 3 hp.

Size of Pressure/ Bladder Tank = Q x running time

Assume drawdown or running time = 2 minutes, P1 = 20 psi, P2 = 40 psi

Using formula: hp = QwE/(746e), e=50%, Q=11 gpm, E=92.39 ft.

Hp = 0.000677 x 9,810 x 28.16 / ( 746 x 0.5 ) = 0.51 hp say 0.60 hp.

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