Q1-W5 SCIENCE

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SCIENCE

Learning Area

Face to Face
Learning Delivery Modality

School Calangay IHS Grade Level Grade 11


Earth and Life
Teacher CHRISTINE JOY T. BAYTON Learning Area
Science
Teaching September 2-6, 2024 Quarter First Quarter
DAILY LESSON Date
PLAN 8:00 – 9:00 AM Number of 4 days
Time Days

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:


I. OBJECTIVES a. Define earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and landslides.
b. Describe the various hazards that may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
A. Content Standards  Geologic processes that occur on the surface of the Earth.
 The folding and faulting of rocks.

Conduct a survey or design a study to assess the possible


hydrometeorological hazards that your community may
B. Performance Standards experience. (Note: Select this performance standard if your
school is in an area that is frequently hit by tropical cyclones and
is usually flooded.)
 S11/12ES -Ic-19
C. Most Essential Learning
 S11/12ES -Id-20
Competencies (MELC)  S11/12ES -Id-22

D. Enabling Competencies N/A

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

B. References

C. Instructional Materials PowerPoint, Laptop, TV, Audiovisual Presentation

III. PROCEDURE

A. Preliminaries  Prayer
 Greetings
 Setting of rules
 Checking of Attendance
B. Review The teacher will ask some students to recall their lesson from the
previous discussion.
Picture Formula
Determine the missing word/s by analyzing the given pictures
and letters following the mathematical equations.
A. ACTIVITY
Earthquakes
Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the
passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rock. Seismic waves are
produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is
suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one
another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often
along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in
relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at
the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Causes of Earthquakes
1. Crustal plates
The plates are moving in slow and continual motion with respect to
each other. Currents within the hot, molten interior of the earth
produced by thermal convection and earth’s rotation underlie the
plate movement. The different motion of the plates causes rocks to
fracture along faults creating earthquakes. Almost 95% of
earthquakes occur on the edges of interacting plates.
2. Man-made quakes
Seismologists believed that both man-made reservoirs and deep
wells lead to an increase in the pore-water pressure of underlying
rocks, lessening their tensile strength. An increase in water content
may lubricate already existing zones and fractures that may lead to
active faulting.

Hazards of Earthquakes
1. Ground shaking is a result of the passage of seismic waves
through the ground, and ranges from quite gentle in small earthquakes
to incredibly violent in large earthquakes.
B. ANALYSIS 2. Liquefaction is the mixing of sand or soil and groundwater during
the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake. When the water and
soil are mixed, the ground becomes very soft and acts like quicksand.
If liquefaction occurs under a building, it may start to lean, tip over, or
sink several feet. The ground firms up again after the earthquake has
passed and the water has settled back down to its usual place deeper
in the ground. Liquefaction is a hazard in areas that have groundwater
near the surface and sandy soil.
3. Seiches are long-period oscillations of the water due to large and
generally far distant earthquakes.
4. Surface rupture- is the visible offset of the ground surface when an
earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth's surface.
5. Tsunami- a series of waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a
large lake.

Intensity Vs. Magnitude


There are two easy ways to describe the strength of an earthquake.
One method is by observing and documenting the behaviors and
reactions of people, damages to structures and land surfaces This is
the intensity of the earthquakes. In the Philippines we use a modified
Rossi-Forel Earthquake intensity scale. Using a scale of 9. Intensity I is
the weakest while intensity IX is the strongest.

The other method of describing the strength of an earthquake is


through magnitude. It is based on an instrument that gives information
and correlates the strength with amount of total energy released at the
earthquake's point of origin. Magnitude is calculated mathematically
using the amount and duration of movements that ground vibration
causes on the needle of a standard seismograph.
Here are some identified earthquake
generators in the Philippines
a. Philippine Trench
b. East Luzon trench
c. Manila Trench
d. Collisional Zone between
Palawan and Mindoro
e. Negros Trench
f. Collisional Zone between
Zamboanga peninsula and Western
Mindanao
g. Sulu Trench
h. Cotabato Trench

Volcanic Eruptions
Volcano is ventured in the crust of the Earth from which eruptions of
molten rock, hot rock fragments, and hot gases are released. A
volcanic eruption can cause disaster. A volcanic eruption begins with
an accumulation of gas-rich magma in reservoirs near the surface of
the Earth; they can be preceded by emissions of steam and gas from
small vents in the ground. Swarms of small earthquakes, which may
be caused by a rising plug of dense, viscous magma oscillating against
a sheath of more-permeable magma, may also signal volcanic
eruptions, especially explosive ones. In some cases, magma rises to
the surface as a thin and fluid lava, either flowing out continuously or
shooting straight up in glowing fountains or curtains. In other cases,
entrapped gases tear the magma into shreds and hurl viscous clots of
lava into the air. In more violent eruptions, the magma conduit is cored
out by an explosive blast, and solid fragments are ejected in a great
cloud of ash-laden gas that rises tens of thousands of meters into the
air.

Hazards of Volcanic Eruptions


1. Lava Flows
Lava is molten rock that flows out of a volcano or volcanic vent.
Depending on its composition and temperature, lava can be very fluid
or very viscous. Fluid flows are hotter and move the fastest; they can
form streams or rivers or spread out across the landscape in lobes.
Most lava flows can be easily avoided by a person on foot, since they
don't move much faster than walking speed, but a lava flow usually
cannot be stopped or diverted. Because lava flows are extremely hot -
between 1,000-2,000°C (1,800 - 3,600° F) - they can cause severe
burns and often burn down vegetation and structures. Lava flowing
from a vent also creates enormous amounts of pressure, which can
crush or bury whatever survives being burned.

2. Pyroclastic Density
Currents Pyroclastic density currents are explosive eruptive
phenomena. They are mixtures of pulverized rock, ash, and hot gases,
and can move at speeds of hundreds of miles per hour. These currents
can be diluted, as in pyroclastic surges, or concentrated, as in
pyroclastic flows. They are gravity-driven, which means that they flow
down slopes. A pyroclastic surge is a dilute, turbulent density current
that usually forms when magma interacts explosively with water. A
pyroclastic flow is a concentrated avalanche of material, often from a
collapse of a lava dome or eruption column, which creates massive
deposits that range in size from ash to boulders.

3. Lahars
Lahars are a specific kind of mudflow made up of volcanic debris. They
can form in several situations: when small slope collapses gather
water on their way down a volcano, through rapid melting of snow and
ice during an eruption, from heavy rainfall on loose volcanic debris,
when a volcano erupts through a crater lake, or when a crater lake
drains because of overflow or wall collapse.

4. Gases
Volcanic gases are probably the least showy part of a volcanic
eruption, but they can be one of an eruption's most deadly effects.
Most of the gas released in an eruption is water vapor (H2O), and
relatively harmless, but volcanoes also produce carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), fluorine gas (F2),
hydrogen fluoride (HF), and other gases.

LANDSLIDES
Landslide, also called landslip, is the movement of a mass of rock,
debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris).
Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses
within a slope exceed the shear strength of the materials that form the
slope.

Types of Landslides
Landslides are generally classified by type of movement such as
slides, flows, spreads, topples, or falls. The type of material can be
rock or debris. Sometimes more than one type of movement occurs
within a single landslide, and, because the temporal and spatial
relationships of these movements are often complex, their analysis
often requires detailed interpretation of both landforms and geological
sections, or cores. Steep slope, lack of vegetation, weakening of
previously strong rock by weathering, presence of relict structures,
open fractures and overloading of slope are the contributing factors
that cause landslides.

There are common forms of landslide, and it includes the following:


 translation slide- bedding, fractures and foliation of planes
 rotational slide- the soil slumped on the surface.
 Fall- The soil or rocks fall from the higher to lower ground.
 Flow- Rapid movement of mixture of rock/soil with a significant
component of water or air.
 Complex- Landslide that started out as a slump and develop
into debris flow near the base.
 Creep- Layered bedrock bend down the slope hazards
involving landslides.

C. ABSTRACTION

D. APPLICATION Direction: Staying alert could save lives. In this activity you will make
an infographic about disaster preparedness and print it or draw it on a
short bond paper.
Example:

Teacher will give 10 item quiz about the lesson after the
E. EVALUATION discussion.

F. ASSIGNMENT Advance reading of faults, folds and rocks

Prepared by:

CHRISTINE JOY T. BAYTON


Teacher I

Noted:

RONALDO M. TUICO
Teacher-in-Charge

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