EXPERIMENT NO 4

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Experiment No:4
Title: Test on Vapor Compression Test
Rig
Department of Mechanical Engineering

IIPM-SET, KANSABAHAL
Experiment No: 4
Title: Test on vapour compression test rig

Aim: To conduct the trial on Vapour Compression Test Rig
Prerequisites: Different types of refrigerants, thermodynamic processes and
working of VCC.
Objectives:
1. To Study various components and controls used in vapour compression
cycle (VCC).
2. To evaluate actual and theoretical COP of vapor compression cycle.
Theory:
Test rig enables to study and understand vapour compression cycle, its
components, principle and working. All the components are mounted on rigid
steel frame. The trainer consists of a hermetically sealed compressor; forced
convection air-cooled condenser, filter / drier, flow meter, expansion device and
immersed tube type evaporator. Separate pressure gauges are provided to record
suction and discharge pressure and digital temperature indicators for various
temperatures.
The calorimeter consists of an insulated stainless steel tank in which
evaporator tubes are fixed. The tubes are made of refrigerated grade annealed
copper tubes. This is a direct expansion type evaporator. The heat absorbed by
the refrigerant is balanced by heater input. The heater is immersion type resistive
water heater. The calorimeter temperature can be set by a digital thermostat.
Adequate safety devices such as HP/LP cut-out, heating thermostat, and
overload protection for compressor are incorporated to prevent any
malfunctioning of the system.
Principle of Operation:-
The refrigeration test rig works on vapour compression cycle. The refrigeration
(i.e. process of maintain a closed space temperature below ambient temperature)
is accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating and condensing a fixed
supply of refrigerant in a closed system. Evaporation occurs at a low temperature
and low pressure while condensation occurs at a high temperature and pressure.

Thus it is possible to transfer heat from an area of low temperature (in this case
calorimeter) to an area of high temperature (the surroundings).
The compressor pumps the low-pressure refrigerant from the evaporator through
the accumulator, increases its pressure, and discharges the high-pressure gas to
condenser. The accumulator prevents liquid refrigerant entering the compressor.
In the condenser, the refrigerant rejects its heat to the surroundings by passing
air over it. At that pressure, the refrigerant loses its latent heat and liquefies. Then
the refrigerant passes through the drier/filter where any residual moisture or
foreign particles present, these are plugged. The flow of refrigerant into the
evaporator is controlled by expansion device where its pressure and
consequently temperature is lowered to the saturation temperature at the
corresponding pressure. The low temperature refrigerant enters the evaporators
where it absorbs heat from the surrounding medium and evaporates. The
compressor sucks the cold vapour and the cycle repeats.
The required instrumentation is provided to measure the various parameters at
different points. This includes pressure gauges, temperature indicators and
controller, energy-meters, heater for applying load and flow meter to measure
the refrigerant flow.
Technical Specification of Refrigeration Test Rig:

Capacity : 500 watt at rated test load
Refrigerant : R-134 A
Compressor : Hermetically sealed
Condenser : Forced convection air cooled
Condenser fan motor : Induction type
Drier / filter : Dry all make
Expansion device : Capillary tube
Refrigerant flow measurement : Rotameter
HP/LP cutout : Provided
Pressure indication : Pressure gauges,2nos provided

Energy meter : L & t make,

Temperature control of the : Automatic by temperature controller
calorimeter
Evaporator for refrigeration : Immersed tube type, direct expansion
test rig coil.
Temperature indication : Digital
Insulation for water tank : PUF
Supply : 230 volts, 50hz, 1 phase, ac.
Construction : Main body: 18 g crca, powder coated.
Calorimeter: ss 304
Diagram:
P-H and T-S diagram of Simple Vapor Compression Cycle
Block Diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle

Procedure:
 Put the machine in the proper position where its level is horizontal and it
is well ventilated. The machine must have at least 1.5 meters clearances
from all sides.
 Give 230 volts, 50 Hz, and 1 phase supply to the unit.
 Incoming cable should be adequate size (at least 4 sq.mm) to prevent
overheating of it.
 The electrical point should have a MCB of 16 amp rating.
 Ensure proper earthing.
 Fill the water tank with clean water.
 Start the compressor by putting the switch ON.
 Also switch on the heater; it will start automatically at set point.
 Control the water flow to heat exchanger around 3 LPM.
 Record all the readings as per the observation table.
 Calculate the results as per the procedure mentioned at various points.
Observation Table:
SL T IN P1 P2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 METER
NO MIN READING
32 10 48 -0.6 76.8 42.5 -7 1.8 15KW/H
Where
T1= Temperature after Compression
T2= Temperature after Condensation
T3= Temperature after expansion
T4= Temperature after Evaporation
T5= Inlet temperature of water entering into the evaporator
h1 = [(0.04×T1 )-3.548]×P1 +0.847× T1+404.174=
h2 = [(0.0183×T2 )-3.080]×P2+0.834× T2+413.92=
h3 =[(-0.005×T3 )+0.225]×P2 +1.662× T3+197.44=

h1  h4
COPexp 
h2  h1
Conclusion:
We are successfully calculated COP of the vapour compression
refrigeration system.


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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Title: Test on vapour compression test rig

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Technical Specification of Refrigeration Test Rig:

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Energy meter : L & t make,

P-H and T-S diagram of Simple Vapor Compression Cycle

Block Diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle

Department of Mechanical Engineering

h2 = [(0.0183×T2 )-3.080]×P2+0.834× T2+413.92=

h3 =[(-0.005×T3 )+0.225]×P2 +1.662× T3+197.44=

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

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