Problem solving technique using C Program

I Semester Lab Manual

1.To read the radius of the circle and to find area and circumference.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int radius;
float PI=3.14,area,circumference;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the radius of circle");
scanf("%d",&radius);
area=PI*radius*radius;
circumference=2*PI*radius;
printf("\n Area of a circle is:%f",area);
printf("\n Circumference of a circle is:%f",Circumference);
getch();
}
Output:
2. To read the numbers and find the biggest of three.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num1,num2,num3;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter any three numbers");
scanf("%d %d %d",&num1,&num2,&num3);
if(num1>=num2 && num1>=num3)
printf("\n %d is the largest number",num1);
else if(num2>=num3)
printf("\n %d is the largest number",num2);
else
printf("\n %d is the largest number",num3);
getch();
}
Output:

3. To check whether the number is prime or not.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num,count=0,i;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter a number \n");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
if(num%i==0)
count++;
}
if(count==2)
printf("\n %d is a prime number\n",num);
else
printf("\n %d is not a prime number\n",num);
getch();
}
Output:

4. To find the root of quadratic equation.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,choice;
double disc,r1,r2,real,img;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter a,b,c \n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
disc=(b*b)-(4*a*c);
if(disc>0)
choice=1;
else if(disc<0)
choice=2;
else
choice=3;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
{
printf("\n Real and Distict Roots \n");
r1=(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2.0*a);
r2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2.0*a);
printf("\n root1=%0.2lf",r1);
printf("\n root2=%0.2lf",r2);
}
break;

case 2:
{
printf("\n Roots are Complex and Distict Roots \n");
real=-b/(2.0*a);
img=sqrt(abs(disc))/(2.0*a);
printf("\n root1=%0.2lf+i%0.2lf",real,img);
 printf("\n root2=%0.2lf-i%0.2lf",real,img);
}
break;
case 3:
{
printf("\n Roots are Equal \n");
r1=-b/(2.0*a);
r2=-b/(2.0*a);
printf("\n root1=%0.2lf",r1);
printf("\n root1=%0.2lf",r2);
}
break;
default:printf("\n invalid inputs");
}
getch();
}
Output:
5. To read a number, find the sum of the digits, reverse the number and
check it for palindrome.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,orgnum;
int sum=0,rev=0,rem;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number");
scanf("%d",&num);
orgnum=num;
while(num>0)
{
rem=num%10;
sum=sum+rem;
rev=rev*10+rem;
num=num/10;
}
printf("\n Sum of digits=%d",sum);
printf("\n Reversed number=%d",rev);
if(orgnum==rev)
printf("\n Number is palindrome");
else
printf("\n Number is not a palindrome");
getch();
}
Output:

6.To read the numbers from keyboard continuously till the user presses 999
and to find the sum of only positive numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,sum=0;
clrscr();
do{
printf("\n Enter the number:\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num>0 && num!=999)
sum=sum+num;
printf("\n Sum=%d",sum);
}while(num!=999);
printf("\n you have pressed 999:STOP\n");
getch();
}
Output:

7. To read percentage of marks and to display appropriate message. If a

percentage is 70 and above- Distinction, 60-69 – First Class, 50-59 – Second
Class, 40-49 Pass, below 40 – Fail. (Demonstrate of if-else ladder)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float per;
clrscr();
printf("Enter percentage");
scanf("%f",&per);
if(per>=90)
printf("\n Grade=EXEMPLARY");
else if(per>=80&&per<90)
printf("\n Grade=OUTSTANDING");
else if(per>=70&&per<80)
printf("\n Grade=FIRST DIVISION WITH DISTINCTION");
else if(per>=60&&per<70)
printf("\n Grade=FIRST DIVISION");
else if(per>=50&&per<60)
printf("\n Grade=SECOND DIVISION");
else if(per>=35&&per<50)
printf("\n Grade=PASS CLASS");
else
printf("\n Grade=FAILS:RE-APPEAR");
getch();
}

Output:

8. To simulate a simple calculator with addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division and it should display the error message for division
of zero using switch case.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,choice;
clrscr();
printf("Enter two integers");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("Enter
choice:\n1.Addition\n2.Subtraction\n3.Multiplication\n4.Division\n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:printf("Result:%d",a+b);
break;
case 2:printf("Result:%d",a-b);
break;
case 3:printf("Result:%d",a*b);
break;
case 4:if(b!=0)
printf("Result=%2f",(float)a/b);
else
printf("Error! Division by zero not possible");
break;
default:printf("Error!, Invalid choice");
break;
}
getch();
}
Output:
9. To read marks scored by n students and find the average of mark
(Demonstration of single dimensional array)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i;
float marks[10],tot_marks=0.0,avg_marks=0.0;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter students counts(n):");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter marks scored by %d student:",i+1);
scanf("%f",&marks[i]);
tot_marks=tot_marks+marks[i];
}
avg_marks=tot_marks/n;
printf("\n Total marks=%0.2f",tot_marks);
printf("\n Average marks=%0.2f",avg_marks);
getch();
}
Output:
10.To remove duplicate elements in a single dimensional array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main ()
{
int a[20],n,i,j,ele;
clrscr();
printf(“\n Enter arraylimit(n):”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
printf(“\n Enter a[%d]:”,i);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
//removal of duplicate
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
ele=a[i];
for(j=j+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(ele==a[j] &&a[j]!=-111)
{
printf(“\n %d duplicate entry!!!”,a[j]);
a[j]=-111;//set -111 for duplicate entry
}
}
}
printf(“\n Final Array List \n”);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
If(a[i]!=-111)
printf(“%5d”,a[i]);
}
getch ();
}
Output:

11.To find the factorial of a number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,i;
long int fact=1;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
 {
fact=fact*i;
}
printf("\n Factorial of %d=%ld",num,fact);
getch();
}
Output:

12. To generate Fibonacci Series

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int NXT,F=0,S=1;
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter series limit:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n ******FIBONACCI SERIES*****\n");
printf("%d\t%d",F,S);
for(i=3;i<=n;i++)
{
NXT=F+S;
printf("\t %d",NXT);
 F=S;
S=NXT;
}
getch();
}
Output:

13.To demonstrate string functions (String Length, String Copy, String

Concatenate, String Comparison)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char *str1="Bengaluru";
char *str2="Nagara";
clrscr();
printf("\n String1=%s Strin2=%s\n",str1,str2);
printf("\n 1.Length of %s=%d",str1,strlen(str1));
printf("\n 2.String copy in str2=%s",strcpy(str2,"city"));
printf("\n 3.Concatenation =%s",strcat(str1,str2));
printf("\n 4.Compare str1 & str2 %d",strcmp(str1,str2));
 printf("\n 5.String in lowercase=%s",strlwr(str1));
printf("\n 6.String in Uppercase=%s",strupr(str1));
printf("\n 7.substring search=%s",strchr(str1,'N'));
printf("\n 8.Duplicate string=%s",strdup(str1));
printf("\n 9.String reverse=%s",strrev(str1));
printf("\n 10.set all characters to #=%s",strset(str1,'#'));
getch();
}
Output:

14. To find the length of a string without using built-in function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int len=0,i=0;
char *str;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter a string");
scanf("%s",str);
 while(str[i]!='\0')
{
len++;
i++;
}
printf("\n Length of a string=%d",len);
getch();
}
Output:

15. To read, display and add two n x m matrices using function.

#include <stdio.h>

int rows, columns;

/* adds two matrices and stores the output in third matrix */

void matrixAddition(int mat1[][10], int mat2[][10], int mat3[][10]) {
int i, j;

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
mat3[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j];
}
}
 return;
}

int main() {
int matrix1[10][10], matrix2[10][10];
int matrix3[10][10], i, j;
clrscr();
/* get the number of rows and columns from user */
printf("Enter the no of rows and columns(<=10):");
scanf("%d%d", &rows, &columns);

if (rows > 10 || columns > 10) {

printf("No of rows/columns is greater than 10\n");
return 0;
}

/* input first matrix */

printf("Enter the input for first matrix:");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}

/* input second matrix */

printf("Enter the input for second matrix:");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
 for (j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}

/* matrix addtion */
matrixAddition(matrix1, matrix2, matrix3);

/* print the results */

printf("\nResult of Matrix Addition:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
printf("%5d", matrix3[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:
16.To read a string and to find the number of
alphabets,digits,vowels,consonants,space and special characters.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void main()
{
char str[100],ch;
int acount=0,dcount=0,vcount=0,ccount=0,scount=0,spcount=0,i=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a string");
gets(str);
while(str[i]!='\0')
{
if(isalpha(str[i])
{
acount++;
ch=tolower(str[i]);
switch(ch)
{
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o';
case 'u': vcount++;
break;
default:ccount++;
}
}
else if(isdigit(str[i]))
dcount++;
else if(isspace(str[i]))
scount++;
else
spcount++;
i=i+1;
}
printf("\n no of Alphabets=%d",acount);
printf("\n no of vowels=%d",vcount);
printf("\n no of constants=%d",ccount);
printf("\n no of spaces=%d",scount);
printf("\n no of digits=%d",dcount);
printf("\n no of special symbols=%d",spcount);
getch();
}

Output:
17.To swap two numbers using pointers
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1,n2,*ptr1,*ptr2,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2);
printf("\n Before swapping n1=%d n2=%d\n",n1,n2);
ptr1=&n1;
ptr2=&n2;
temp=*ptr1;
*ptr1=*ptr2;
*ptr2=temp;
printf("\n After swapping n1=%d n2=%d\n",n1,n2);
getch();
}

Output:
18.To demonstrate student structure to read & display records of n
students
#include<stdio.h>
struct student{
char name[50];
int regno;
char grade;
} S[50];
void main()
{
int n,i;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter student count \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n enter %d student(regno,name,grade):",i+1);
scanf("%d %s %c",&S[i].regno,&S[i].name,&S[i].grade);
}
printf("\n Regno \t Student name \t Grade);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n %d \t %s \t %c",S[i].regno,S[i].name,S[i].grade);
}
getch();
}
Output:

19. To demonstrate the difference between structure and union for the
following Student name (String), Student roll no(integer), Student
mark(float)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct Stud1
{
int regno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
union Stud2
{
int regno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("\n size of stucture of Stud1=%d",sizeof(struct Stud1));
printf("\n size of stucture of Stud2=%d",sizeof(union Stud2));
getch();
}
Output:

20. To design the following pattern using nested for loop:

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int rows = 5,n,i,j,k;
 clrscr();
// first loop to print all rows
for ( i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

// inner loop 1 to print white spaces

for (j = 0; j < 2 * (rows - i) - 1; j++) {
printf(" ");
}

// inner loop 2 to print star * character

for ( k = 0; k < 2 * i + 1; k++)
{
printf("* ");
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output: