CLUSTER 5

RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
1. The measure of signal processing electronics, transducer integrity and frequency
dependent matching
layers is an evaluation of ________.
 Display characteristics
2. Determine the condition that shows a radiographic appearance of the
gastrointestinal tract as having
numerous thicker folds of the stomach above diaphragm.
 Hiatal hernia
3. Survey meters can be used to _______.
 Locate source of radiation
4. Which fast pulse sequence is often used with three-dimensional imaging a generate
T1-weighted images?
 Echo planar imaging
5. Choose what is referred to as a spinal fusion.
 Spondylosyndesis
6. Point out the reason why, in radiation therapy, mutileaf collimators are different
from custom-shaped
blocks.
 Multileaf collimators are easy to set-up, produce sharper penumbra, can be
used
with any field size
7. Identify the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the
elbow it.
 Spondylolisthesis8. Identify which is an example of a radiosensitizer.
 Hydroxyurea
9. MOST magnetic resonance image are formed by _______.
 An equilibrium relaxation
10. In computed tomography, the Hounsfield unit is a measure of _______ density.
 Tissue
11. Point out a condition that is manifested by painful urination.
 Dysuria
12. The ring-shaped part of a computed tomography scanner is the _______.
 Gantry
13. Identify the type of fracture that usually affects the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae
resulting from acute
hyperextension of the head on the neck.
 Hangman’s
14. Which of the following is a type of RF sequence that uses a single RF pulse of
less than 90 degrees
allowing for shorter repetition time (TR) and more rapid imaging.
 Gradient echo
15. Determine the half-life of cobalt-60 beam.
 5.25 years
16. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), smooth objects are represented by ______
frequencies.
 Low
17. Which of the following conditions shows presence of large amounts of gas and
fluid in the small and
large intestines as the main radiographic appearance?
 Adynamic ileus
18. Point out the condition that would manifest aspiration pneumonia.
 Vomiting
19. Choose the meaning of the term gross tumor volume as defined by the
International Commission on
Radiological Units (ICRU).
 Gross palpable or visible/demonstrable tumor extent and location of malignant
growth
20. Choose the isotopes that are suitable for performing radionuclide therapy.
I.
I-131
II.
P-32
III.
Sm-153
 I, II and III
21. To form an axial image, the gathered data in computed tomography scan is
assembled into a ______.
 Matrix
22. The attenuation of ultrasound in soft tissue is ______db/cm-MHz.
 1.0
23. Select the crystal that have been used in scintillation detectors in computed
tomography.
I.
Ultrafast ceramic
II.
Calcium tungstate
III.
Gadolinium oxysulfide
 I, II and III24. Which of the following are controls affecting the amplification of
echoes?
I.
Time gain curse
II.
Compression
III.
Output
 I and II
25. Select the conditions in which the percentage depth dose is dependent on.
 Distance, field size, cGy/MU
26. Select the thyroid carcinoma that can be evaluated using In-111 pentetreotide
(OctreoScan).
 Medullary
27. Point out what would likely result to the near field length if a transducer element
diameter is doubled.
 Doubled.
28. What is the typical energy window used for Imaging Technitium-99m(Tc99m) on
gamma cameras?
 20%
29. What is the half-life of cobalt-60 beam?
 5.26 years
30. Determine the dose that is the result of electron contamination of the incident
beam as well as the
backscattered radiation (both electron and photons) from the medium.
 Electron
31. Identify the type of coil that is directly placed on the patient and is used in the
imaging of superficial
structures.
 Surface
32. Identify the principal reconstruction algorithm used in computed tomography
scan.
 Filtered back projection
33. Determine the indications for computed tomography imaging of the
musculoskeletal system in children.
I.
Tumors
II.
Infections
III.
Complex fractures and deformities
 I and III
34. Determine what would BEST describe a magnetic resonance (MR) image.
 Static
35. Adjusting the compression on some ultrasound equipment will affect the ______
process?
 Dynamic
36. Point out the purpose of Computed Tomography imaging system.
I.
To detect and measure radiation transmitted through the patient
II.
To produce, shape and filter the x-ray beam
III.
To convert x-rays to digital data
 I and III
37. Select the main potential for biological response from radiofrequency.
 Tissue heating
38. Identify the condition indicating inflammation of the small fluid-filled sacs that
are located around joints
causing reduced friction.
 Bursitis
39. What are the advantages of neonatal cranial sonography versus computed
tomography?
I.
Can be done with a portable unitII.
No partial volume effect
III.
No bone interference
 I, II and III
40. Which of the following would describe the measured x-ray transmissions in
computed tomography scan?
I.
Ray sum
II.
Raw data
III.
Scan profile
 I, II and III
41. Which of the following radionuclide generator equilibrium relationship where the
parent t1/2 is a factor
of 100-1000 times greater than the daughter t1/2?
 Secular
42. Identify what is referred to when later echoes are electronically amplified more
than earlier echoes.
I.
Time gain compensation (TGC)
II.
Depth gain compensation (DGC)
III.
Time varied gain (TVG)
 I, II and III
43. Choose an example of a non malignant tumor.
 Adenoma
44. Which gallbladder’s segment is ultrasonographically observable at its neck closest
to the cystic duct?
 Hartmann’s pouch
45. The strength of the echo is related to the height of deflection on the oscilloscope
for the ____ display.
 A-mode
46. Determine what affects the dose to the patient in computed tomography.
I.
Slice thickness and pixel size
II.
Kilovoltage peak and milliampere per second
III.
Linear attenuation coefficient and noise
 I, II and III
47. Select the factor that determines the amount of reflection at the interface of two
dissimilar material’s.
 Specific acoustic impedance
48. Identify the source from where Fourier transformation converts magnetic
resonance (MR) signals.
 Spatial location domain to space
49. Choose the BEST modality considered for staging the extent of tumor in the
breast.
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
50. Determine the thyroid carcinoma that can be effectively detected and staged
through a whole-body
radioiodine scintigraphy.
 Papillary
51. Point out the size of pituitary tumor that can be considered as a macroadenoma.
 More than 1 cm
52. Identify the type of detectors usually used as dose calibrators.
 Ionization chambers
53. The attenuation of cerrobend is approximately _____ lead.
 The same as
54. Identify the factor that influences the character of a magnetic resonance imaging
pixel.
 Proton density55. Determine the system that aims to plan and deliver a uniform
dose (±10% from the prescribed or stated
dose) throughout the volume to be treated.
 Patterson-Parker
56. Point out the type of stroke that does NOT belong to the group.
 Hemorrhagic
57. Which organ should the sonographer scan if uterine malformations are seen?
 Kidneys
58. The profile of the ultrasound beam is primarily controlled by the ________.
 Diameter of piezo electric crystals
59. Determine the ratio of pressure to particle velocity at a given point within the
ultrasonic field.
 Impedance
60. Point out where Tc-99m MDP (methylendiphosphonate) localize within the body.
 Osteoblast
61. In an isocentric treatment technique, it is routine to normalize the dose at _____.
 Isocentric
62. Which of the following refers to a treatment-planning computerized tomography
scan?
 Patient is never given contrast
63. The desired effect of Iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer is ______.
 To reduce chance for hyperthyroidism
64. Determine which of the following statements refers to isocenter.
 Point around which the source of beam rotates.
65. Which modality will BEST demonstrate rupture of the spleen as a result of blunt
abdominal trauma?
 Ultrasound
66. Which type of fracture can occur from falling on an outstretched hand involving
the distal portion of the
radius?
 Colles
67. Which of the following is a description of a well-defined structure with increased
echogenicity?
 Solid tumor
68. What is the gold standard in evaluating and diagnosing renal abscess?
 Computed Tomography
69. Determine what is referred to as the “colloid shift” in a nuclear medicine liver
scanning.
 Increased uptake of colloid in spleen and bone marrow relative to liver
70. Presence of filling defect within the pulmonary artery or as an abrupt cutoff
indicating complete
obstruction of a pulmonary vessel is a manifestation of _____.
 Pulmonary Embolism
71. Identify the system that is PRIMARILY used for single and double plane implants
in brachytherapy.
 Paris
72. Point out what is referred to as range of computed tomography numbers.
 Dynamic range
73. A clay-shoveler’s fracture involved which area of the spine?
 Lower cervical and upper thoracic
74. Select the ultrasound display sign that is in bowel intussusceptions.
 Target75. Determine the maximal allowed exposure to other members of the public
from a patient who has
received an outpatient I-131 therapy.
 1 mSv
76. Select the conditions/organs for scintigraphy that will use Tc99m labeled RBC’s.
I.
Hemangioma
II.
Meckel’s diverticulum
III.
Gastrointestinal bleeding
 I, II and III
77. The following may cause echogenic bile within the gallbladder lumen:
I.
Prolonged fasting
II.
Emyema
III.
Hemobilia
 I, II and III
78. Which term is defined as the interruption of blood flow to vital organs or lack of
the ability of body
tissues to use oxygen and nutrients needed?
 Ischemia
79. Determine the period in which a spin echo appears.
 Sometime after a 90 º radiofrequency pulse
80. Determine the gyromagnetic ratio of fluorine-19 in MHz/T.
 40.1
81. The MOST sensitive and specific noninvasive method of diagnosing mitral
stenosis is ____.
 Echocardiography
82. Determine the modality of choice in the demonstration of intrahepatic and
extrahepatic bile ducts in
jaundiced patients.
 Nuclear medicine
83. The presence of fibropurulent fluid in the pleural space indicates which of the
following conditions?
 Hydrothorax
84. Point out how image reconstruction time is defined.
 From end of scanning to image appearance
85. Identify the component in a computed tomography that permits the gantry frame
to rotate continuously
allowing helical scanning.
 Slip ring
86. Identify the system that is PRIMARILY used for single and double plane implants
in brachytherapy.
 Paris
87. Select the fixed source-skin-distance (SSD) technique wherein the dose is
routinely normalized.
 At dmax
88. In computed tomography, a decrease in motion artifacts is caused by ______.
 Increase in matrix
89. Determine the periodic linearity check with respect to the dose calibrator quality
control.
 Quarterly
90. Which of the following radiograph projections is employed if the patient is too ill
to stand cases of
pneumoperitoneum?
 Left lateral decubitus, patient on left side91. Which of the following refers to the
relative comparison of x-ray attenuation of a voxel tissue to an
equal volume of water?
 Hounsfield unit
92. In computed tomography, poor sampling of the signal to be digitized by the
analog to digital converted
will result in a/an ______ artifact.
 Aliasing
93. An epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner
mucous membrane is _.
 A papilloma
94. Choose the medium that has the LOWEST velocity of sound.
 Air
95. Select which is referred to in a reduction of available space in the spinal column
causing compression of
the neural elements.
 Spinal stenosis
96. Point out the least obstacle to the transmission of ultrasound.
 Blood
97. Determine the coincidence resulting from two photons detected at the same time
but originate from two
independent events in a positron emission tomography (PET)
 Scatter
98. In computed tomography, slice thickness can be measures by _____.
 Uniform water phantom
99. Which of the following is the proper sequence for producing a computed
tomography image?
 Data acquisition, image reconstruction, image postprocessing
100.
Point out the mechanism of uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO
(hexamethylpropylamineoxime).
 Active Transport