1. (a) x = 70 (b) x = 120 y = 105 z = 68 (c) x = 165 y = 14 z = 143 2. (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 3 3. (a) x = 114 (b) x = 125, y = 55 4. (a) exterior angle sum = 360°, interior angle sum = 1440° (b) exterior angle sum = 360°, interior angle sum = 900° (c) exterior angle sum = 360°, interior angle sum = 540° 5. x = 135°, y = 45° 6. exterior angle sum = 360°, interior angle sum = 1080° 7. C ACB is a straight angle of 180°, so write the equation, summing the two adjacent angles, to find x:
10x − 20 + 60° = 180°
10x − 20 = 120° 10x = 140° x = 14° 8. B The total number of degrees within the pentagon is the sum of three triangles, (5 − 2)180° = 540°, so write the equation, as the sum of angles, to find x:
(5x + 12) + 115 + (4x − 4) + (6x − 3) + 120 = 540
15x = 300 x = 20°
And the smallest angle is then 4x − 4 = 4(20) − 4 = 76 degrees.
9. E There are four angles formed by the intersection of the two line segments.
The vertical angles have the same measure:
56 = 4x − 4 x = 15
And the smaller angles are then 4(15) − 4 = 56°, and the larger angles are 180° − 56° = 124°.
Then find y and z:
7y − 2 = 124 7y = 126 y = 18
5z + 4 = 124 5z = 120 z = 24
And, finally, x + y + z = 15 + 18 + 24 = 57.
10. B Find n by knowing the number of triangles in the shape, each of 180°, and writing an equation with the total number of degrees in the polygon: (n − 2) × 180 = n × 156 180n − 360 = 156n 24n = 360 n = 15
Then, from each vertex, two sides are drawn, plus 12 diagonals, that are double- 15 × 12 counted, making a total of = 90 diagonals. 2 11. C The total number of degrees in the triangle is 180, so find x: x + 2x + 3x = 180 6x = 180 x = 30
Then the triangle is a special right triangle, with angles 30° : 60° : 90° and sides in the known proportion 1 : 3 : 2, making the second leg 10 3 (which can also be found by Pythagorean Theorem).
1 1 Then A = bh = (10 3 )10 = 50 3 , about 86.6 square units. 2 2
12. B All the smaller angles are congruent with one another; all the larger angles are congruent with one another; and each pair of smaller and larger angles are supplementary. 13. C The angles in the triangle sum to 180°, and so the angle marked x is also 70°, by vertically opposite angles. 360 14. D The total of the parts is 72, so each part measures = 5 degrees. Then the largest 72 angle is 20 × 5 = 100 degrees. 15. B Two angles are the same, so the triangle is isosceles. There are 15 parts given, so each 180 part is = 12 degrees; the angles are 72°, 36°, and 72°. Then the triangle also has 15 three acute angles. 16. A Angle C is larger than angle B, so it is at least 80°, making A small, with enough degrees to make the 180° in the triangle.
