Pre-Conquest

Created @December 15, 2024 4:03 PM

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Philippine Art: Pre-Conquest

Art periods often have indefinite time boundaries in which it follows changes in
style and processes.

Historical Overview

1. Pre-Conquest

2. Islamic

3. Spanish

4. American

5. Japanese

6. 70s Contemporary

Terms to Remember
Pre-Conquest - art historical, art before the colonizers.

Indigenous - stylistic term

Pre-colonial - cultural term, how we lived before the colonizers.

Pre-Conquest 1
 Was there art before colonization?
The pre-colonial period saw vibrant art forms, although not aligned with Western
aesthetic norms.

Hunter-Gatherers
Filipino ancestors as hunter-gatherers.

Rituals
Kanyaw
Igorot ritual in Cordillera

Offers the blood of pigs.

Kashawing
Rice ritual of Maranao

Happens within the boundaries of a lake.

Pagdiwata
Ritual of Tagbanwa tribe

Happens during the 13th moon and asks from the 3 goddesses.

Music
Idiophone (Striking)
Gangsa - flat gong in Cordillera.

Cordophone (Strummed)
Kudyapi - 2-stringed lute in Palawan.

Pre-Conquest 2
 Samaon Sulaiman - kudyapi master.

Aerophone (Blowing)
Tongali - nose flute in Cordillera.

Membranophone (Tapping)
Dabakan - single-headed drum in Maguindanao.

Ethnic art forms are primarily influenced by geographical

location and Filipinos’ experiences.

Dance
Pangalay
sea birds in Sulu

focuses in upper agility

Talip
wild fowls from Cordillera

courtship dance

Kadaliwas
monkey’s comedic movements in T’boli

forest

Tinikling
crane movement in Leyte

to catch because the harm the farm

Pre-Conquest 3
 These are the communal functionality of the Philippine
indigenous art

Creative Forms
these embody aesthetic, technological, and ritual values.

Carving
art of scraping metal or shaving a portion of it.

Bul-ul
granary god of Cordillera, Ifugao

for rice harvest

offered with pig blood

Okir
the art of the Maranaos

curvilinear designs

Naga - scissor pen

Sarimanok (sari=cloth, manok=chicken)

Pako Rabong - fern

Torogan - bahay ng Sultan

Panalong - side where we can see the Okir

Pre-Conquest 4
 Pottery
Terracotta
“baked earth”

Manunggul Jar
from Palawan

has a boat-shape on top

in burial sites

journey to the afterlife

Maitum Jar
Ayub Cave, Saranggani

life after death

Weaving
Textiles are not only functional, but they also impart knowledge about people’s
belief systems.

Materials used:
1. Fibers - gathered from plants (cotton, abaca, and pineapple leaves).

2. Pigments - extracted from clay, roots, and leaves of plants.

Geometric Motifs
Muslim malong baybayin

Pre-Conquest 5
 Tepo
a colourful hand-woven mat made from the Dwarf Pandan leaves which grow
abundantly on the coasts of Tawi-Tawi.

Yuvuk
a cone-shaped basket used by women in Batanes for farming.

It is used to store, transport, and handle farm products.

Has an adjustable strap

Bubo
woven from bamboo or rattan strips into hexagonal shapes to catch fish in
coral reefs.

Jewelry/Body Ornamentation
SIKAT
T’boli School of Indigenous Knowledge & Traditions.

The Boxer Codex

contains illustrations of ethnic groups in the Philippines at the time of their
initial contact with the Spaniards.

Tattoos
these illustrate protection and bravery.

Metal Work

Pre-Conquest 6
 involves the use of molds filled with liquified metal that eventually hardens.

Kendi

Gadur

Indigenous Traditions: Animistic, Communal

Functionality

Pre-Conquest 7