This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what

changes have been made to the previous version. Because

it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.

Designation: A 453/A 453M – 023

Standard Specification for

High-Temperature Bolting Materials, with Expansion
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 453/A 453M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Oct. 1, 2003. Published June 2002. November 2003. Originally published as A 453 – 61 T. approved in 1961. Last previous
edition approved in 2002 as A 453/A 453M – 00 e12.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 453/A 453M – 023
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification2 covers four grades of bolting materials with nine ten classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120
ksi [345 to 827 MPa] for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners for pressure vessel and valve flanges. The material
requires special processing and is not intended for general purpose applications. The term “bolting material,” as used in this
specification, covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars; bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Headed bolts and rolled
threads may be supplied.
NOTE 1—Other bolting materials are covered by Specification A 193/A 193M and Specification A 437/A 437M.
1.2 Supplementary Requirement S 1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the purchaser
in the order.
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service
A 437/A 437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service
A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use
at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
E 139 Practice 139 Test Method for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials

3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bolting material—this covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars; bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts; and
also includes those manufactured by upset heading or roll threading techniques.
3.1.2 heat-treatment charge—one heat of material heat treated in one batch. If a continuous operation is used, the weight
processed as a heat-treatment charge shall not exceed the weights in Table 1.
3.1.3 lot—a lot shall consist of the quantities shown in Table 2.

4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
4.1.2 Description of material (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),
4.1.3 Grade and class (see Table 3),
4.1.4 Method of finishing (see 6.1),
4.1.5 Type of thread desired (see 6.1.1),
4.1.6 Alternative test method option (see 7.2.4.3),
4.1.7 Bolt shape option, if any,
4.1.8 Thread option, if any,
4.1.9 Test method for surface quality, if any,
4.1.10 Test location option, if any,
4.1.11 Rejection option, if any, and
4.1.12 If stress-rupture testing is not required, except for Grade 660 Class D (see 7.2.1).

2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specification SA-453 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Vol 01.01. volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

TABLE 1 Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge Sizes

Diameter, in. [mm] Weight, lb [kg]
To 13⁄4 [44] 3000 [1400]
Over 13⁄4 [44] to 21⁄2 [63] 6000 [2700]
Over 21⁄2 [63] 12000 [5400]

2
 A 453/A 453M – 023
TABLE 2 Lot Sizes
Diameter, in. [mm] Maximum Lot Size, lb [kg]
11⁄2 [38] and under 200 [90]
Over 11⁄2 [38] to 13⁄4 [44], incl 300 [140]
Over 13⁄4 [44] to 21⁄2 [63], incl 600 [270]
Over 21⁄2 [63] 20 pieces

TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements

Grade 660 Grade 651
UNS Number S66286 S63198
Product Analysis Variation, Product Analysis Variation,
Content, % Over or Under, % Content, % Over or Under, %
Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.28–0.35 0.02
Manganese 2.00 max 0.04 0.75–1.50 0.04
Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 over
Sulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 0.30–0.80 0.05
Nickel 24.0–27.0 0.20 8.0–11.0 0.15
Chromium 13.5–16.0 0.20 18.0–21.0 0.25
Molybdenum 1.00–1.50 0.05 1.00–1.75 0.05
Tungsten ... ... 1.00–1.75 0.05
Titanium 1.90–2.35 0.05 0.10–0.35 0.05 over
ColumbiumA ... ... 0.25–0.60 0.05
Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over ... ...
Vanadium 0.10–0.50 0.03 ... ...
Boron 0.001–0.010 0.0004 under to ... ...
0.001 over
Copper ... ... 0.50 max 0.03 over
Grade 662 Grade 665
UNS Number S66220 S66545
Product Analysis, Variation Product Analysis Variation,
Content, % Over or Under, % Content, % Over or Under, %
Carbon 0.08 max 0.01 over 0.08 max 0.01 over
Manganese 0.40–1.00 0.03 1.25–2.00 0.04
Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.005 over 0.040 max 0.005 over
Sulfur 0.030 max 0.005 over 0.030 max 0.005 over
Silicon 0.40–1.00 0.05 0.10–0.80 0.05
Nickel 24.0–28.0 0.20 24.0–28.0 0.20
Chromium 12.0–15.0 0.15 12.0–15.0 0.15
Molybdenum 2.0–3.5 0.10 1.25–2.25 0.10
Titanium 1.80–2.10 0.05 2.70–3.3 0.05
Aluminum 0.35 max 0.05 over 0.25 max 0.05 over
Copper 0.50 max 0.03 over 0.25 max 0.03 over
Boron 0.001–0.010 0.0004 under to 0.01–0.07 0.005
0.001 over
A
Or columbium plus tantalum.

5. Common Requirements
5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.
These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optional supplementary requirements,
and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance with this
specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A 962/A 962M, this specification
shall prevail.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Finishing Process:
6.1.1 Threads may be performed by machining or rolling. For Type 1 bolting, threading shall be performed after precipitation
heat treatment. Types M1 and M2 bolting shall have machine cut threads. For Types 2 R1 and R2, bolting shall have rolled threads.
Types R1 and M1 bolting, threading shall be performed after precipitation heat treatment. Types R2 and M2 bolting shall be
threaded after solution heat treatment but prior to precipitation heat treatment. When not specified by the purchaser, the type
supplied shall be the option of the manufacturer.
6.2 Heat Treatment—Each grade and class shall be heat treated as prescribed in Table 4.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Tension Test:

3
 A 453/A 453M – 023
TABLE 4 Heat Treatment RequirementsA
Grade Class Solution Treatment Hardening Treatment
660 A 16506 25°F [900 6 14°C], hold 2 h, min, and liquid quench 1325 6 25°F [720 6 14°C], hold 16 h, air cool
B 1800 6 25°F [980 6 14°C], hold 1 h, min, and liquid quench 1325 6 25°F [720 6 14°C], hold 16 h, air cool
C 1800 6 25°F [980 6 14°C], hold 1 h min, and oil quench 1425 6 25°F [775 6 14°C] hold 16 h, air cool
1200 6 25°F [650 6 14°C] hold 16 h, air cool
D 1650 6 25°F [900 6 14°C], hold 2 h min, and liquid quench 1325 6 25°F [720 6 14°C], hold 16 h, air cool
or If necessary to achieve properties, second age:
1800 6 25°F [980 6 14°C], hold 1 h min, and liquid quench 1200 6 25°F [650 6 14°C] hold 16 h, air cool
651 A hot-cold worked at 1200°F [650°C] min with 15 % min reduction in cross-sectional area,
stress-relief anneal at 1200°F [650°C] min or 4 h, min
B hot-cold worked at 1200°F [650°C] min with 15 % min reduction of cross-sectional area,
stress-relief anneal at 1350°F [730°C] min for 4 h, min
662 A 18006 25°F [980 6 14°C], hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400°F [730 to 760°C], hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25°F [650 6 14°C],
hold 20 h, air cool
B 1950 6 25°F [1065 6 14°C], hold 2 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400°F [730 to 760°C], hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6 25°F [650 6 14°C],
hold 20 h, air cool
665 A 18006 25°F [980 6 14°C], hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400°F [730 to 760°C], hold 20 h, furnace cool to 12006 25°F [650 6 14°C],
hold 20 h, air cool
B 2000 6 25°F [1095 6 14°C], hold 3 h, liquid quench 1350 to 1400°F [730 to 760°C], hold 20 h, furnace cool to 1200 6 25°F [650 6 14°C],
hold 20 h, air cool
A
Times refer to the minimum time material is required to be at temperature.

7.1.1 Requirements—The material in each heat-treatment charge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile requirements in
Table 5.
7.1.2 Number of Specimens:
7.1.2.1 Heat-Treated Bars—When not more than two sizes of bars are heat treated in the same load, one tension test shall be
made from each size in each heat of material in the heat-treatment charge (see 3.1.2). When more than two sizes of bars are treated
in the same charge, one tension test shall be made from one bar of each of the two largest diameters from each heat of material
in the heat-treating charge.
7.1.2.2 Finished Parts—One tension test shall be made if the lot consists of parts of the same nominal diameter. If the lot
consists of parts of more than one nominal diameter, one tension test shall be made from each nominal diameter of each heat
involved in the lot (see Section 3).
7.1.2.3 The diameter range shall be in increments of 1⁄2 in. [12.5 mm].
7.2 Stress-Rupture Test:
7.2.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6 for design
temperatures above 800°F [427°C]. Material not stress-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped NR. Grade 660 Class D does
not require stress-rupture and shall be stamped NR.
7.2.2 The number of specimens shall be the same as the required number of tension test specimens.
7.2.3 The test location and orientation shall be the same as that required for the tension test specimens.

TABLE 5 Mechanical Property Requirements

Tensile Strength, Yield Strength Approximate Rockwell Hardness,
Elongation in
min (0.2 % Offset), min B and C
43 DiamA, Reduction of Brinell Hardness
Grade Class ksi MPa ksi MPa min, % Area, min, % Number min max
B
660 A, B, and C 130 895 85 585 15 18 248–341 99 HRB 37 HRC
660 A, B, and C 130 895 85 585 15 18 248–341 24 HRC 37 HRC
D 130 895 105 725 15 18 248–321 24 HRC 35 HRC
651 A 100 690 70C 485 18 35 217–277 95 HRB 29 HRC
651 A 100 690 70A 485 18 35 217–277 95 HRB 29 HRC
60D 415
60B 415
B 95 655 60C 415 18 35 212–269 93 HRB 28 HRCE
B 95 655 60A 415 18 35 212–269 93 HRB 28 HRCC
50D 345
50B 345
662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18 255–321 100 HRBB 35 HRCE
662 A 130 895 85 585 15 18 248–321 24 HRC 35 HRCC
B 125 860 80 550 15 18 248–321 99 HRB 35 HRC
B 125 860 80 550 15 18 248–321 24 HRC 35 HRC
665 A 170 1170 120 830 12 15 311–388 32 HRC 41 HRC
B 155 1070 120 830 12 15 311–388 32 HRC 41 HRC
A
See Fig. number 6 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
B
Conversion numbers taken from Test Methods and Definitions A 370, Table number 3D.
C
Material sizes 3 in. [76 mm] and under in diameter.
D
Material sizes over 3 in. [76 mm] in diameter.
E
Conversion numbers taken from Specification A 193/A 193M, Table number 2 (austenitic steels); others by interpolation.

4
 A 453/A 453M – 023
TABLE 6 Stress Rupture Requirements
Test Stress, min Time to
Temperature, Rupture, Elongation,
Grade Class °F [°C] ksi MPa min, hA min, %
660 A, B, and C 1200 [650] 56 385 100 5
651 A and B 1200 [650] 40 275 100 5
662 A and B 1200 [650] 55 380 100 5
665 A 1200 [650] 75 515 100 3
B 1200 [650] 70 485 100 5
A
The combination bar specimen shown in Fig.number 1 shall be tested
continuously at the temperature and at the minimum stress specified or at a
greater stress and shall rupture in a time not less than that specified.

7.2.4 Test Method:

7.2.4.1 The rupture test shall be performed in accordance with Practice E 139.
7.2.4.2 A combination smooth and notched test specimen, machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 1 and Table 7, shall
be tested in accordance with the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6. The test shall be continued to rupture. The
rupture shall occur in the smooth section of the bar.
7.2.4.3 As an alternative procedure and, when specifically approved by the purchaser, separate smooth and notched test
specimens, machined from adjacent sections of the same piece, with gage sections conforming to the respective dimensions of
Table 7, may be tested under the above conditions. The notched specimen need not be tested to rupture but shall not rupture in
less time than the companion smooth specimen.
7.2.4.4 When the minimum specified time to rupture in Table 6 has been achieved, incremental loading may be used to
accelerate the time to rupture. At intervals of 8 to 16 h, preferably 8 to 10 h, the stress shall be increased in increments of 5000
psi [34.5 MPa]. Rupture location, and elongation requirements shall be as prescribed in Table 6, 7.2.4.2, and 7.2.4.3.
7.3 Hardness Test:
7.3.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the room temperature hardness requirements prescribed in Table 5. For
Grade 660 Class D, in the case of conflict, tensile test results shall prevail over minimum hardness.
7.3.2 Number of Tests:
7.3.2.1 Bars 2 in. [50 mm] and Over—One test on each mill-treated length.
7.3.2.2 Bars under 2 in. [50 mm]—One test on at least 10 % of the mill treated lengths.
7.3.3 Test Locations—The hardness test shall be made at the center of the cross section for bars up to 1 in. [25 mm] in diameter,
and at the midradius on bars 1 in. [25 mm] and larger in diameter.
8. Product Marking
8.1 Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Studs, and Steel Bolts—In addition to the grade and class shown in Table 4, the type designation (see
6.1.1) shall also appear on all bolting material so processed. Grade 660 Class D shall be stamped NR in addition to other required
markings.
9. Keywords
9.1 bolts–steel; fasteners–steel; marking; nuts–steel; precipitation hardening steels; pressure vessel service; revision letter; steel
bars–alloy; steel bolting material; steel flanges; steel values; temperature service applications–high; year date

FIG. 1 Combination Smooth-Notch Stress-Rupture Test Specimen

(See Table 6)

5
 A 453/A 453M – 023
TABLE 7 Test Specimen Dimensions

NOTE 1— Surfaces marked8, finish to 8 µin. [0.2 µm] rms or better.

NOTE 2—The difference between dimensions F and D shall not exceed
0.0005 in. [0.01 mm] for specimens 1 or 2. The difference shall not exceed
0.001 in. [0.02 mm] for specimens 3, 4, 5, or 6.
NOTE 3—Taper the gage length G to the center so that the diameter D
at the ends of the gage length exceeds the diameter at the center of the
gage length by not less than 0.0005 in. [0.01 mm] nor more than 0.0015
in. [0.04 mm].
NOTE 4—All sections shall be concentric about the specimen axis
within 0.001 in. [0.02 mm].
NOTE 5—Thread size T shall be equal to or greater than diameter H.
NOTE 6—Dimensions A and B are not specified.
NOTE 7—Length of shoulder C—1⁄8 + 1 / 32−0 in. [3.2 + 0.8 mm].
NOTE 8—Length of shoulder E—3⁄8 + 1⁄32 −0 in. [10.0 + 0.8 mm].
Mid-length
Gage Dia D Gage Shoulder
Specimen and Notch-Root Length, Diameter, Notch-Root
Type Dia F G H Radius
Inches
1 0.125 0.5 0.177 0.005
2 0.160 0.65 0.226 0.005
3 0.178 0.75 0.250 0.005
4 0.252 1.0 0.375 0.007
5 0.357 1.5 0.500 0.010
6 0.505 2.0 0.750 0.015
Tolerance 60.001 60.05 60.003 60.0005
Millimetres
7 3.17 12.0 4.5 0.13
8 4.06 17.0 5.5 0.13
9 4.52 20.0 6.5 0.13
10 6.40 25.0 9.5 0.18
11 9.07 40.0 12.0 0.25
12 12.8 50.0 19.0 0.38
Tolerance 60.025 61.3 60.1 60.01

TABLE 8 Permissible Variations in Size of Cold-Finished Bars

Permissible Variations from Specified
Specified Size, in. [mm]
Size, in. [mm]A
Over Under
Over 1⁄2 to 1 [13 to 25], excl 0.002 [0.05] 0.002 [0.05]
1 to 11⁄2 [25 to 38], excl 0.0025 [0.06] 0.0025 [0.06]
11⁄2 to 4 [38 to 100], inclB 0.003 [0.08] 0.003 [0.08]
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing,
because of special hardness or mechanical property requirements, the permissible
variations are generally double those shown in the table.
B
For size tolerances of sizes over 4 in. [100 mm], the manufacturer should be
consulted.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This section identifies

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification that have been incorporated
standard since the last issue, A 453/A 453M-00 e1.

(1) issue (A 453/A 453 – 02) that may impact the use of this standard..
(1) Revised 4.1.12, 7.2.1, 7.3.1, and 8.1 to clarify that “type” refers include Grade 660 Class D.
(2) Corrected Hardness to thread. Tensile conversions in Table 5.

6
 A 453/A 453M – 023
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).