HTRLab-Exp7

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

ROURKELA
HEAT TRANSFER AND REFRIGERATION
LABORATORY
(ME-4373)
LAB REPORT
ON
HEAT TRANSFER FROM PIN FIN

Submitted by:
Group: A
Subgroup: 7
Date of Experiment: 29-10-2022
Date of Submission: 31-10-2022
GROUP MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTIONS:
NAME Roll No. Contribution

Conducted experiment for


Swagatika Jena 119ME0715
2nd set of readings and
calculated convective heat
transfer coefficient and
helped in the formulation of
the report.

Conducted experiment for


Gopal Khillo 119ME0716
1st set of readings and
calculated convective heat
transfer coefficient and
formulation of the report.

Completed
Himanshu Kumar 119ME0717
post-observation plotting of
graph for temperature vs
distance

Roll No Signature
119ME0715
119ME0716
119ME0717
Experiment-4
Objectives of Experiment:
● To experimentally study forced convection heat transfer from pin
fin for insulated fin tip condition
● To determine heat transfer coefficient (h) under forced convection
condition
● To plot temperature profile along the length of the pin fin
● To calculate effectiveness (Φ) and efficiency (η)

Apparatus Required:
Heat transfer through pin-fin apparatus comprising of Blower,
Temperature selector Switch, Voltmeter, Ammeter, variac, cylindrical fin with
insulated tip, U-tube Manometer, Orifice-meter, Air duct, and pipes.

Component Specifications:
Fin material: Brass
Diameter(d): 12mm
Length of pin fin(L): 150mm
Air duct breadth(B): 100mm
Air duct Width(W):150 mm
Thermal conductivity of brass: 109 W/m-K
Manometer fluid: Mercury
Orifice-meter specifications
D= diameter of the pipe=40 mm
d= diameter of the orifice=20 mm
β= d/D = 0.5
Cd= Coefficient of discharge= 0.62

Theory:
Generalized governing differential equation for heat transfer from pin fin:

Where, A(x) is the area of cross-section at distance x from the fin base
P(x) is the Perimeter of pin cross-section
H is the convective heat transfer coefficient
K is the thermal conductivity
For Constant area of cross-section,

Where,

Let Θ = T - Tinf ⇒ dT = dΘ,


Generalized governing differential equation becomes:

At, x = 0, T = Tb (base)

At, x = L, (tip)

Temperature profile for the fin is given by:

Heat transfer from the fin is given by:

Fin effectiveness = Φ =

Fin efficiency = η =

Average surface temperature of fin Ts = (ΣTn)/n


Ambient fluid temperature T∞ = T6
Thermo Physical properties should be calculated at film temperature.
Film temperature = Tf = (Ts + T∞)/2
Airflow Rate through orifice:
Orifice-meter along with differential manometer (mercury) is used for
calculating air velocity.

Pipe inner diameter, D = 40 mm

Orifice plate bore diameter, d = 20 mm

Beta ratio β = = 0.5

Air flow rate through orifice, Q = Cd.Ao where

Sm = specific gravity of manometric fluid (mercury) = 13.6

Sf = specific gravity of working fluid (air) = 0.001268


H – manometric height difference in mm
Velocity of air in test specimen is given by:

Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient:


The convective heat transfer coefficient depends on the following
parameters:
· The physical properties of the fluid
· Roughness of solid surface
· Type of fluid flow (laminar & turbulent)
· Fluid velocity
· Geometry

Dimensionless Number: The dimensionless numbers and the empirical


relations between them can be used to calculate the convective heat transfer
coefficient. These are:
1. Nusselt Number: It is the ratio of convective heat transfer rate
to conduction heat transfer rate through a fluid layer.
NuL = hl/k
2. Reynolds Number: It is the ratio of inertia force to viscous force
and is given as
Re = ρuL/μ
Where, u = upstream velocity
3. Prandtl Number: It is the ratio of molecular diffusivity of
momentum to the molecular diffusivity of heat and is given as

Pr = cpμ/k

Heat Transfer coefficient can be calculated from Nusselt Number which


can be obtained using Reynolds Number and Prandtl Number.

Nusselt Number : Nu = C * Ren * Pr1/3

For flow around the pin fin (cylinder), the value of C and n can be
selected from the table based on Reynold’s number obtained.

Re C n
0.4-4 0.989 0.33
4-40 0.911 0.385
40-4000 0.683 0.466
4000-40000 0.293 0.618
40000-400000 0.27 0.805

Procedure:
1. Ensure variac of the voltage regulator is set to zero before starting the
experiment
2. The main switch was turned on and the blower was switched on and
was set at a desired constant value.
3. The heater was switched on and the voltage was set to 80 Volt.
4. The system was allowed to attain steady state by leaving it for 30
minutes.
5. The voltmeter, ammeter readings and the temperature values from T1 to
T6, were noted.
6. With the flow rate kept constant, the voltage was set to 90V and steps
4 and 5 were repeated.

Observation Table:

T6
S No. V I T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Tavg Tfilm H(mm)
(=Tinf)
1 50 0.249 46 40 37 35 33 38.2 29 33.6 24
2 70 0.341 76 61 55 49 45 57.2 33 45.1 23

Calculations:
For 1st set of reading

· Average surface temperature of tube, Ts =(ΣTn)/n


=(T1+T2+T3+T4+T5)/5 = 38.2°C
· Ambient Temperature = T∞ = 29°C

· Film temperature = 33.6°C

· Based on the film temperature, the thermophysical properties of air


are:

ρ= 1.15 kg/m^3 kf = 0.0267 W/mK

μ = 1.89 x 10^-5 kg/m-s Pr = 0.713

Cp = 1007.5 J/kg-k

· Now, H’ = H*(Sm/Sf -1) = 316.87m


· Air-flow rate through the orifice, u = 1.057m/s

· Reynold’s Number, Re = ρuL/μ = 1.15*1.057*0.012/1.89E-5 = 1286.29

· From Table, for Re= 1286.29, the value of C and n are 0.683 and 0.466
respectively.

𝑁𝑢 = C𝑅𝑒n 𝑃𝑟1/3=17.6

· Heat Transfer coefficient = h = Nu*k/d = 39.185 W/m2-K

· = m = 10.86

· Heat Transfer Rate: = 6.423W

· Fin effectiveness, Φ = 28.415


· Fin Efficiency, Ƞ = 0.568 = 56.8%

· Temperature Profile:

Temperature(K)(
Distance 90V)
0 369.0
0.01 363.8
0.02 359.2
0.03 355.0
0.04 351.4
0.05 348.1
0.06 345.3
0.07 342.8
0.08 340.7
0.09 338.9
0.1 337.4
0.11 336.2
0.12 335.3
0.13 334.6
0.14 334.2
0.15 334.1

For 2nd set of reading

· Average surface temperature of tube, Ts =(ΣTn)/n


=(T1+T2+T3+T4+T5)/5 = 57.2°C
· Ambient Temperature = T∞ = 33°C

· Film temperature = 45.1°C

· Based on the film temperature, the thermophysical properties of air


are:

ρ= 1.11 kg/m^3 kf = 0.0275 W/mK

μ = 1.95 x 10^-5 kg/m-s Pr = 0.713

Cp = 1008 J/kg-k

· Now, H’ = H*(Sm/Sf -1) = 303.67m

Air-flow rate through the orifice, u = 1.035m/s

· Reynold’s Number, Re = ρuL/μ = 1.11*1.035*0.012/1.95E-5 = 706.98

· From Table, for Re= 706.98, the value of C and n are 0.683 and 0.466
respectively.

𝑁𝑢 = C𝑅𝑒n 𝑃𝑟1/3= 12.98


· Heat Transfer coefficient = h = Nu*k/d = 30.78 W/m2-K

· = m = 9.95

· Heat Transfer Rate: = 6.858W

· Fin effectiveness, Φ = 30.252


· Fin Efficiency, Ƞ = 0.6050 = 60.50%

Temperature Profile:

Temperature(K)(
Distance 90V)
0 369.0
0.01 363.8
0.02 359.2
0.03 355.0
0.04 351.4
0.05 348.1
0.06 345.3
0.07 342.8
0.08 340.7
0.09 338.9
0.1 337.4
0.11 336.2
0.12 335.3
0.13 334.6
0.14 334.2
0.15 334.1
Results:
The heat transfer coefficient for the heat transfer phenomenon was
found to be 34.98 W/m2-K.

For a voltage of 50V and current 0.249A, the Heat Transfer Rate was
found to be 6.423 W.

For a voltage of 70V and current 0.341A, the Heat Transfer Rate was
found to be 6.858 W.

The effectiveness of the fin was found to be around 28.415, which is


greater than 1, which means the fin would be capable to ensure
effective heat transfer. The fin efficiency was found to be around 56.8%
based on the two recorded observations.
Precautions:
· The variac knob should be set to zero before switching the power on to
the apparatus.
· The thermocouple selector should be changed gently while switching
between the temperatures
· The variac should be slowly and gently rotated to change the voltage.
· Before switching off the apparatus, the blower should be switched off.

Conclusion:
The experiment was performed according to the above set of
procedure and the desired results were produced experimentally. We got to
know about the experimental procedure for the determination of heat transfer
rate, fin effectiveness and efficiency of a pin fin. All the necessary precautions
were taken in order to get the desired results. It was observed that the heat
transfer rate increased with increase in the input voltage. Also the temperature
distribution plot trend was quite similar for both the cases. The heat transfer
rate would have been 29 times less if there was no fin.

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