Status of Seed Industry in Pakistan: Dr. Akhlaq Hussain
Status of Seed Industry in Pakistan: Dr. Akhlaq Hussain
Status of Seed Industry in Pakistan: Dr. Akhlaq Hussain
PAKISTAN
BY
DR. AKHLAQ HUSSAIN
akhlaq7@hotm ail.com
March 08-2011
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION
AGRICULTURE AND WATER IN PAKISTAN
Updated on 06-03-2011
This enactment provided regulatory mechanism for controlling and regulating the
quality seed through setting up of necessary institutional infrastructure;
PrSC
Punjab
PrSC
Sindh
PSC
PrSC
PSC
SSC
DOA
FSC&RD
SSC
=
=
=
=
=
PrSC
NWFP
DOA
PrSC
Balochistan
FSC&RD
Islamabad
DOA
FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 6 of Seed Act, 1976)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 8 of Seed Act, 1976)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Lahore.
Bahawalpur.
Bahawalnagar.
Bhakkar.
D.G.Khan.
Faisalabad.
Gujranwala.
Khanewal.
Multan.
R.Y.Khan.
Sahiwal.
Sargodha.
T.T.Singh.
Vehari.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
BALOCHISTAN & SINDH
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
KPK
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Hyderabad.
Karachi.
Larkana.
Mirpur Khas.
Sakrand.
Sukkur.
1. Quetta
2. Dera
Allahyar
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Peshawar.
Abbotabad.
D.I.Khan.
Mingora
(Swat)
1. Gilgit-Baltistan
Categories
Crops/Seeds
Formal
Sector
Public Sector
Private Sector
a.
National
Companies
b.
Multi
Nationals
c.
Seed
Importers
Informal
Sector
Farmers Own
Source
Agency Involved
Identification
Breeder
Nucleus Seed
(BNS)
Pre-basic
Seed
Basic Seed
Certified
Seed
Approved
Seed
Truthfully
Labeled Seed
10
MINFAL
PARC
PCCC
GERMPLASM
GERMPLASM
ONLY COTTON
ENLIGHTENED
BREEDING
STATIONS
GOVT. FARMS
FARMERS
PARC
PCCC
FSC&RD
VEC
VEC
DUS
2 YRS
FSRC
VARIETY
REGISTRATION
NOTIFICATION
Punjab
Sindh
KPK
Balochistan
Islamabad
PVT
Pakistan
Wheat
54
20
35
--
118
Barley
---
Maize
12
--
---
22
Rice
15
13
---
---
--
34
Cotton
65
21
---
---
96
Sugarcane
12
16
---
--
35
Pulses
39
17
--
66
Oilseeds
17
20
--
54
Fodders
21
---
---
31
Vegetables
33
12
---
--
54
Fruits
--
--
31
--
--
--
31
Total
267
69
159
20
15
19
549
13
Date of
Notification
1976
1987
28-2-1998
6-5-2003
12-3-1991
19-1-1998
12-10-1993
10
Under process
11
Under process
5-6-2003
1988
14
15
16
Sindh
KPK
600
91
20
Private
Multinationals
Total Active
605
93
21
Cancelled
129
14
07
734
107
28
Category
Public Sector
Private
National
G.B
02
02
B.tan Total
1
720
08
729
150
08
879
TOTAL
02
17
Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)
Private
Local
Imported
Total
Wheat
1044964
55534.0
5.31%
135099
12.92%
190634
18.23%
---
190634.94
18.3%
Paddy
39,660
2371
5.97%
9969
25.14%
12340.00
31.11%
1528.37
3.85%
13868.37
34.0%
Maize
30,036
214.00
0.71%
3072
10.23%
3286
10.94%
6499.22
21.64%
9785.22
32.57 %
Cotton
40,000
3035
7.58%
26656.20
66.64%
29691.2
74.22%
---
29691.2
74.22%
Pulses
48346
591
1.22%
749.16
1.54%
1340.16
2.76%
---
1340.16
2.76 %
Oilseeds
16041
190.9
1.19%
60
0.37%
250
1.56%
1653.39
10.30%
1903.93
11.86%
Fodders
70000
50
0.07%
49.41
0.07%
99.41
0.14%
9932
13.56%
10131.41
14.47%
Vegetables
5500
239
4.34%
534
9.70%
773
14.05%
5886.0
107.07%
6659
121.07%
Potato
311500
251.35
0.08%
150
0.05%
401.35
0.13%
4889.56
1.56%
5290.90
1.69%
TOTAL
1614296
62476.25
3.87%
176338.77
10.92 %
238874.92
14.79 %
30388.42
1.88 %
18
269305.28
16.68%
Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)
Wheat
1085520
57,704.67
5.59%
157595.27
15.25 %
215,299.94
20.84%
___
215,299.94
20.84 %
Paddy
36,960
6,643.52
17.97 %
24101.92
65.21%
30745.4
83.18%
932.73
2.52 %
31,678.17
85.70 %
Maize
30,036.00
253.28
0.84 %
1625.097
5.41 %
1878.37
6.25%
10,259.62
34.16%
12137.99
40.61 %
Cotton
40,000.00
1,898.44
4.75%
16746.67
41.87%
18645.11
46.61%
____
18,645.11
46.61 %
Pulses
48,612.74
1,080.47
2.22 %
284.75
0.59 %
1365.22
2.81%
____
1,365.22
2.81 %
Oil Seeds
16041
291.10
8.56 %
170.00
5.00 %
461.10
13.56%
1,562.88
45.96 %
2,023.98
59.52 %
Fodders
70000
9.20
0.02 %
__
9.20
0.02%
9,221.20
13.17 %
9230.4
13.19%
Vegetables
5500.00
111.00
2.01 %
1536
27.92 %
1647
29.94 %
2,674.27
48.61 %
4321
78.56 %
Potato
372,725.00
378.75
0.10 %
12.00
0.00 %
390.75
0.10%
5,150.60
1.38 %
5,541.35
1.49 %
TOTAL
1705394.00
Public
6837043
4.25%
Private
202071.17
12.571%
Local
270441.57
15.86%
Imported
29800
Total
Local+Imp
)
19
300241.57
(17.60%)
Total Seed
Requirement
(TSR)
(MT)
Formal
Sector
% of TSR
Informal
Sector
% of TSR
Wheat
10,27,080
203946.96
19.86
823133.04
80.14
Paddy
39,660
14680.02
37.01
24979.98
62.99
Maize
30,036
11426.89
38.04
18609.11
61.96
Cotton
65,000
34169.67
52.57
30830.33
47.43
PULSES
48,346
1100.55
2.28
47245.45
97.72
OILSEEDS
16,041
1708.74
10.65
14332.26
89.35
FODDERS
70000
11763.48
16.00
61485.52
83.94
VEGETABLES
5,500
6546.39
119.03
???
???
Potato
3,11,500
8200.06
2.63
303299.94
97.37
TOTAL
16,16,412
2,93,542.76
18.16
13,23,915.63
81.90
20
Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)
Value of
Imported
Seed
Local
Imported
Total
Million Rs.
2000-01
5085
211.90
(4.17%)
3445.72
(67.76%)
3657.62
(71.93%)
314.68
2001-02
5150
592.82
(11.51%)
2635.20
(51.17%)
3228.02
(62.68%)
309.81
2002-03
5156
645.50
(12.53%)
2450.63
(47.53%)
3087.13
(59.87%)
393.97
2003-04
5268
861.06
(16.34%)
3151.32
(59.82%)
4012.38
(76.17%)
434.13
2004-05
5270
408.00
(7.74%)
4631.68
(87.89%)
5039.68
(95.63%)
599.54
2005-06
5500
713.17
(12.97%)
6526.14
(118.66%)
7239.31
(131.62%)
803.80
2006-07
5213
741
(14.21%)
6287.62
(120.61%)
7028.62
(134.81%)
875.57
2007-08
5500
773
(14.05%)
5886
(107.01%)
6659
(121.07%)
1066.76
2008-09
5500
1647.
29 %
2674
48 %
4321
78 %
763
2009-10
5500
1980
36 %
3553
64 %
5533
100 %
1085
21
Total Seed
Requirement
Value of Imported
Seed
(MT)
Local
Imported
Total
Million Rs.
2000-01
1250
224.80
(17.98%)
257.20
(20.58%)
502.00
(40.16%)
50.27
2001-02
1350
432.36
(32.03%)
359.90
(26.66%)
468.35
(34.69%)
70.01
2002-03
1612
7.88
(0.49%)
468.00
(29.03%)
475.88
(29.52%)
94.40
2003-04
1730
4.00
(0.20%)
1093.00
(63.18%)
1097.00
(63.41%)
213.14
2004-05
2025
4.00
(0.20%)
1436.36
(70.93%)
1440.36
(71.13%)
315.42
2005-06
2265
--
1618.20
(71.44%)
1618.02
(71.44%)
358.18
2006-07
3035
--
1133.67
(37.35%)
1133.67
(37.35%)
306.63
2007-08
2979.79
--
1639
(55.00)
1639
55%)
422.00
2008-09
2398.0
--
1533
(63 %)
1533
(63%)
562
24
Total Seed
Requirement
Value of
Imported Seed
(MT)
Local
Imported
Total
Million Rs.
2000-01
28,740
629
(2.19%)
2300
(8.00%)
2929
(10.19%)
216.41
2001-02
27,970
908
(3.25%)
2227
(7.96%)
3135
(11.21%)
223.87
2002-03
37,760
1470.78
(3.90%)
3536.50
(9.37%)
5007.28
(13.26%)
443.44
2003-04
37,782
1572.00
(4.16%)
3749.00
(9.92%)
5321.00
(14.08%)
441.00
2004-05
38,010
1987.33
(5.23%)
4318.07
(11.53%)
6305.40
(16.59%)
798.17
2005-06
30,888
3393.01*
(10.98%)
7443.61
(24.10%)
10836.62
(35.08%)
1337.24
2006-07
30,036
4947.70
(16.47%)
6479.19
(21.57%)
11426.89
(38.04%)
1100.22
2007-08
30,000
3286
(10.95%)
6175.00
(20.58%)
9785.00
(32.62%)
1152.86
2008-09
30,036
770
(2.56%)
10259.00
(34.19%)
9785.00
(32.62%)
2360
2009-10
31170
2144
(7.15%)
7260.00
(24.2%)
9785.00
(32.62%)
1852 25
(MT)
Local
Imported
Total
Million Rs.
2000-01
44250
4594.36
3.15
4597.51
0.19
2001-02
43360
4866.0
25.03
4891.03
2.88
2002-03
44500
5716.0
63.0
5779.00
6.55
2003-04
49010
10219.0
20.06
10239.06
2.09
2004-05
39184
11037.0
141.55
11178.55
15.04
2005-06
39645
15452.01
360.49
15812.50
39.75
2006-07
39660
13574.0
34.23%
1106.02
2.78%
14680.02
37.02%
128.00
2007-08
39660
12340.0
31.12%
1528.37
3.85%
13868.37
34.97%
225.70
2008-09
36960
30745
83.18%
932
2.52%
31677
85.70%
180
2009-10
38920
19278
49.53%
2975
7.64%
22253
57.18%
603.0
26
Total Seed
Requirement
Value of Imported
Seed
(MT)
Local
Imported
Total
Million Rs.
2002-03
2,89,500
818.2
(0.28%)
4210.42
(1.45%)
5028.62
(1.73%)
133.284
2003-04
2,74,300
1115
(0.41%)
805.4
(0.29%)
1920.4
(0.70%)
26.103
2004-05
2,74,300
1025.90
(0.37%)
5027.00
(1.83%)
6052.90
(2.20%)
186.80
2005-06
2,76,250
2031.90
(0.74%)
6511.03
(2.36%)
8542.93
(3.09%)
229.19
2006-07
3,11,500
1315.00
(0.42%)
6885.00
(2.21%)
8200.00
(2.63%)
306.68
2007-08
3,11,800
401.35
(0.13%)
4869.56
(1.56%)
5290.91
(1.69%)
245.03
2008-09
372725
480
(0.13%)
5151
(1.38%)
5.631
(1.51%)
309
2009-10
372725
298
7536
7834
(2.10%)
545.0
27
Alfalfa
Barseem
Sorghum
Pearl Millet
Grasses
Total
(Million Rs.)
(Million Rs.)
(Million Rs.)
(Million Rs.)
(Million Rs.)
(Million Rs.)
2001-02
4.84
(0.87)
5117.65
(201.12)
805.05
(38.63)
--
0.60
(0.18)
5928.14
(240.80)
2002-03
87
(6.03)
9,929
(453.39)
1,367
(53.17)
--
0.63
(0.17)
11383.63
(512.76)
2003-04
5.0
(1.00)
4,348
(177.91)
1,203
(60.28)
1.14
(0.22)
0.83
(0.17)
5557.97
(239.58)
2004-05
--
2374
(116.39)
1,663
(54.32)
2.31
(10.52)
1.67
(0.33)
4040.98
(181.56)
2005-06
67
(7.50)
5,740
(223.26)
3,925.09
(110.84)
18.01
(1.06)
1.30
(0.32)
9751.40
(342.98)
2006-07
298.52
(40.44)
6304.00
(291.46)
4872.03
(146.09)
255.72
(32.24)
3.76
(1.40)
11754
(526)
2007-08
1045.24
(147.00)
4106.00
(316.23)
3743.15
(159.14)
531.49
(42.18)
6.16
(2.28)
9432.04
(666.83)
2008-09
579
(92.84)
220
(15.48)
6590
(348.44)
1831
(229.40)
9222
(686.0)
2009-10
596
(86.55)
484
(30.01)
8972
(488.72)
1726
(171.89)
0.31
(0.64)
28
11780
(780.0)
2008-09
2006-07
2007-08
Category
Crops
/Seeds
Quantity
Value
Rs. (Mil.)
Quantit
y (MT)
Value Rs.
(Mills)
Quantity
(MT)
Value
Rs.
(Mills)
Quantity
(MT)
Value
(million
Rs.)
Vegetables
40 Species
3553
1085
2674
763.0
5804.52
862.50
5885.88
100.76
Cereals
Maize
7260
1852
10259
2360
6479.19
1100.22
6175.32
1152.86
Paddy
2975
603
932
180
1106.02
128.00
1528.37
225.70
Alfalfa
596
86.55
579.60
92.84
298.52
40.44
1045.24
147.00
Berseem
484
30.01
220
15.48
6304.00
293.73
4106.00
316.23
Sorghum
8972
30.01
6569
348.44
4872.03
158.30
3743.15
159.14
Pearl
millet
1726
171.89
1831
229.40
255.72
322.40
6.16
2.28
Grasses
0.31
0.64
3.76
1.40
531.49
42.18
Total
11780
780
9222
686
11734.03
526.12
Sunflower
2160
958
1533
562
1133.67
306.63
1639.36
421.97
Canola
57
28
30
12
11.00
2.96
14.03
4.14
Jatropha
0.13
0.10
0.005
Total
2218
1566
1248
1144.77
309.60
Potato
7536
545
5151
309
6885.06
306.68
4869.56
245.03
G.Total
35322
5851.13
68.84
Mil. US $
29801
4872
57.32
Mil. US $
33,153.59
3233.12
52.20
Mil. US $
29544.56
2817.29
Fodders
Oilseeds
Others
29
Crop/Seed
Seed
Rate
(kg per
Hec)
Area
Total Seed
Requireme
nt
(MT)
Av. Price
(Rs./Kg)
Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. PKR.)
Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. US $)
Wheat
120
9046000
1085520
30
32565.6
378.67
Barley
100
86000
8600
Paddy (Fine)
1696800
11877.60
59
700.78
8.24
Paddy
(Course)
20
1265800
25316
34
860.74
15.19
Maize (OPV)
30
704540
21136
25
528.40
6.22
Maize (HYB)
20
347160
10000
250
2500.00
29.41
14
2820000
39480
100
3948
37.16
Cotton
OIL SEED
Sunflower
319473
1597.365
690
1102
1.56
Canola
12400
58.8
75
4.42
0.25
Rapeseeds &
Mustards
244900
1224.5
30
36.735
0.432
Soybean
75
53
3.97
60
0.24
2.81
10
Sesame
90700
454
140
63.56
0.75
11
Linseed
15
5432
81.48
150
12.22
0.14
12
Groundnut
100
92800
9280
150
1392
16.38
30
Continue
Crop/Seed
Seed Rate
(kg per Hec)
Area
Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)
Av. Price
(Rs./Kg)
Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. PKR.)
Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. US $)
Pulses
13
Gram
40
1080600
43224.00
53
2290.872
26.95
14
Mungbean
25
219700
5492.5
75
411.94
4.85
15
Lentil
10
30900
309
80
24.72
0.29
16
Mash
20
27600
552
80
44.16
0.52
17
Potato
2500
145000
362500
32
11600
136.47
18
Vegetable
252.9
5500
204
1122
13.2
2369700
70000
180
12600
148.24
20.85
Million
Hectare
1.7000
million tonne
71800
845.0
19.
Fodder and
Forages
Total
29.6
*Reflects the commercial value of the available seed in the country during 2008-09( 1 US $= 85 PKR)
31
Seed Requirement
Price/kg
Domestic Market
(Million Rs.)
Wheat (OP)
1085520
30
32565.0
Cotton (OP)
Bt Hybrid
40000
Paddy (Fine)
11877.0
59
700.0
25316.0
300
7594.0
Maize (Hyb)
31000.0
450
13950.0
50000.0
72
3600.0
Canola (Hyb)
6000
790
47.4
Rape& Mustard
1224
30
36.72
Potato
362500
32
11600
Vegetables (Hyb)
5500
2000.0
Fodder (Hyb)
70000
300
21000.0
40000.0
1000
133092.7
US $= 1565.0
million
32
200102
2002-03
200304
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Wheat
11.65
11.80
12.00
12.50
15.00
16.37
17.50
18.50
29.20
38
Cotton (Fuzzy)
27.00
28.27
27.50
30.11
41.56
30.13
50.00
61.25
49.50
105
Cotton (Delinted)
36.00
36.24
38.88
41.80
57.50
41.39
62.50
110.00
80.00
160
Paddy (Fine)
19.17
20.75
23.33
24.38
25.63
25.25
30.00
62.50
59.00
52.5
Paddy (Coarse)
11.50
13.00
13.50
14.50
16.25
17.00
20.00
25.00
34.00
32.5
Maize (OPVs)
10.50
12.75
14.50
11.60
14.00
16.80
18.00
21.00
25.00
28.0
Maize (Hybrids)
150.00
175.00
220.00
250.00
455.0
250
Gram
22.50
29.00
31.50
18.00
21.00
22.50
35.00
37.00
53.60
50.00
47.50
74.50
110.0
32.0
Mung
Potato
20.67
24.67
14.00
26.67
28.67
33.33
36.00
26.00
30.00
Canola
24.00
30.00
15.00
24.00
---
Raya
30.00
35.00
67.00
Berseem
80.00
100.00
90.00
100.00
100.00
85.00
250.00
250.00
Sesame (Til)
80.00
---
140.00
Millet( Bajra)
22.50
25.00
105.00
33
25.00
35.00
---
2007-08
2008-09
CROP
PRICE
RS/kg
US $
Okra
82.00
120.00
200.00
Tomato
95000
1117.0
Peas
56.00
40.00
60.00
Chillies
80000
941
Carrot
150.00
250.00
280.00
Cucumber
13000
153
Radish
78.00
100.00
120.00
Watermelon
17000
200
Turnip(Purple top)
75.00
85.00
100.
Okra
2500
30
Turnip(Gold Ball)
90.00
95.00
100.00
Cauliflower
35000
412
Bitter gourd
400.00
550.00
600.00
Onion
18000
212
Bottle gourd
120.00
160.00
200.00
Bitter gourd
10000
118
Spinach
45.00
45.00
---
Methi
120.00
---
---
Tinda gourd
100.00
300.00
180.00
34
Importers Price
35
GPU OF PUNJAB/GILGIT-NA/NWFP
PUNJAB
Sr.No
GPU Name
Location
Varieties
1-
Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus
36
2-
Tropical Fruit
GPU-Mango
12
3-
Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus
25
4-
Peaches GPU
Mother & Multiplication Block. Horticulture Sub Research Station Khatwai Sargodha
12
Gilgit-NA area
1
Rootstock
Plantation(44)
NWFP-Province
1-
Tropical GPU
2-
Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)
3-
Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)
4-
44
36
Agriculture Research Station Bafa Manshera
56
200102
2002-03
200304
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Wheat
11.65
11.80
12.00
12.50
15.00
16.37
17.50
18.50
29.20
38
Cotton (Fuzzy)
27.00
28.27
27.50
30.11
41.56
30.13
50.00
61.25
49.50
105
Cotton (Delinted)
36.00
36.24
38.88
41.80
57.50
41.39
62.50
110.00
80.00
160
Paddy (Fine)
19.17
20.75
23.33
24.38
25.63
25.25
30.00
62.50
59.00
52.5
Paddy (Coarse)
11.50
13.00
13.50
14.50
16.25
17.00
20.00
25.00
34.00
32.5
Maize (OPVs)
10.50
12.75
14.50
11.60
14.00
16.80
18.00
21.00
25.00
28.0
Maize (Hybrids)
150.00
175.00
220.00
250.00
455.0
250
Gram
22.50
29.00
31.50
18.00
21.00
22.50
35.00
37.00
53.60
50.00
47.50
74.50
110.0
Mung
Potato
20.67
24.67
14.00
26.67
28.67
33.33
36.00
26.00
30.00
32.0
Canola
24.00
30.00
15.00
24.00
75.00
85.0
Raya
30.00
35.00
67.00
Berseem
80.00
100.00
90.00
100.00
100.00
85.00
250.00
100.0
Sesame (Til)
80.00
---
140.00
Millet( Bajra)
22.50
25.00
105.00
Guar seed
25.00
35.00
---
37
Seed (Amendment) Bill 2009 and Plant Breeders Bill 2009 are required to be promulgated to
accommodate the private sector for investment and research and seed industry.
To meet the modern era challenge we need to develop our human resource capacity through
foreign trainings especially in plant variety Registration , Plant Variety Protection Systems,
Fruit Certification System, GMOs Testing, Accreditation of Laboratories etc
Production of biotech seeds of various crops on local basis independently as well as through
joint ventures with foreign stakeholders should be promoted to encourage and popularize the
biotech seed industry
Fruit seed certification system should be extended throughout the country for production
and distribution of true to type and disease free fruit plants of improved varieties
38
Continue.
The Testing results of such R&D based seed companies as official Testing
and be evaluated by some designated team visiting their trials.
Seed dealers of multinational seed companies keep the record of their sale
in register to stop the black marketing and to avoid the role of middle man.
39
National Seed Policy need to be developed to establish road map for Public
Private Partnership or Consortium model as develop by ICRISAT, India, where
private seed companies can jointly fund research that results in publically
available Inbred lines/ Parental material. ICRISTA is emphasizing more on
Pub-Pvt Partnership due to effectiveness of Private sector for transferring
results to farmers.
National seed policy can define for contractual research by Public Sector
Research Institute and availability of inbred lines on exclusive rights basis.
40