DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

SECOND TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES

JS 3 (BASIC 9)

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

SUB – THEME: CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT GAME

1 Revision of last term’s work.

2 Non – contact Games : Swimming : Basic swimming styles (crawl, breast stroke,
butterfly, etc),swimming skills, swimming equipment) (b) Gymnastics: e.g stunts
and tumbling e.g. forward roll, head stand and crab walks, cat, wheel limp, frog.
3 Non –contact Game: (c)Floor activities: classification of floor activities, values
of floor activities. (d)Officials and their duties (e) Safety rules for non- contact
games.
4 Personal, School and Community Health 1 : (a) Family Life Education :
Meaning and
Families. (b)Duties of members of family. (c)Puberty in boys and girls.
(d)Teenage pregnancy and its consequences.
5 Personal, School and Community Health 1: Assertiveness and communication
skills Career guidance. (c) Sport promotion agencies and
bodies in Nigeria – (i) Sport Association ii. NAPHER SD iii. Nigeria Institute of
Sports.
6 Personal, School and Community Health 11: (a) Agencies/Organizations
promoting health education in Nigeria e.g. NGOs, Ministry of Health, NAFDAC,
WHO etc (b)Personal Health : Description of ageing, death. (c)Life enhancing
measure against ageing e.g. exercise, nutrition, rest and sleep. (d)Supporting
dying, grieving and ageing person.
7 MID-TERM BREAK
8 Personal, School and Community Health 11 (a) Meaning of drug use, misuse
and abuse. (b)Categories of drug : prescription o drug/medicine, Non-prescription
of drug /medicine, gateway drug, Health consequences of drug misuse, abuse,
ways of preventing drug misuse and abuse among the youth.
9 Pathogens, Diseases and their Prevention: Nature of communicable diseases
measles, mumps, pneumonia, etc (b) Mode of Transmission of the disease (c)
factors and causative agents (d) Prevention and manage of non-communicable
diseases: sickle cell, obesity, kwashiorkor etc.
 10 Family Health: (a) Types of diseases and mode of transfer. (b) Disease vectors.
(d) Life cycle of the mosquito and other vectors. (e)Control measures: water
drainage, insecticides, oil spreading/ spraying.
11 Family Health: (a) Disease Transmission. (b) Consequences of contracting
diseases on individual family, society. (c) Diseases prevention: sanitation,
education, immunization, choice of life partner.

12 Revision.

12-13 Examination

WEEK TWO

DATE

TOPIC NON – CONTACT GAMES (Swimming)

CONTENT i. Basic swimming style

ii. Gymnastics (floor activities)

SUB-TOPIC 1: NON CONTACT GAMES

Non -contact games are sports where participants should have no possible means of impact,
where players have separate lanes or take turns of play, such as sprinting, swimming, darts,
snooker, gymnastics, tennis, table tennis, chess, badminton etc.

SUB-TOPIC 2: MEANING OF SWIMMING

Swimming, act of moving through the water by using the arms, legs, and body in motions
called strokes. The most common strokes are the crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly,
and sidestroke. Swimming is an integral part of almost all water-based activities. It is also a
competitive sport itself.

SUB-TOPIC 3: STROKES IN SWIMMING

1. Crawl
2. Backstroke
3. Breaststroke
4. Butterfly
5. Sidestroke
BREAST STROKES SKILLS

This is a swimming stroke in which both arms are extended and pulled back together in a
circular motion while both legs are thrust out and pulled back together.

The breaststroke is one of the easiest and most relaxing strokes for novices. Competitive
swimmers, however, find it difficult because it uses more energy than the crawl and
backstroke when swum at a fast pace. The breaststroke has undergone major changes since it
was introduced in the 17th century. Most swimmers now use a technique called the wave
breaststroke, which Hungarian coach Jozsef Nagy developed in the late 1980s.
This interactive illustration captures four moments in the breaststroke. The breaststroke is
the slowest competitive stroke, and during races the technique of the swimmers is strictly
regulated to ensure a fair contest. In this diagram, the swimmer is moving to the right.

BUTTERFLY STROKE SKILLS

Swimming same as butterfly
In butterfly stroke the arms move together through the water and the feet pump together in
what is Known as the dolphin kick.

Swimming, act of moving through the water by using the arms, legs, and body in motions
called strokes. The most common strokes are the crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly,
and sidestroke. Swimming is an integral part of almost all water-based activities. It is also a
competitive sport itself.
Swimming Meet

Some scientists believe that human beings are born with an instinctive ability to use their
arms and legs to stay afloat. That instinct, however, disappears within a few months after
birth. Later in life many children and adults learn to swim in order to be safe around the
water, to have fun, and to participate in competition.

II SWIMMING FUNDAMENTALS

People can swim in any body of water large enough to permit free movement. These areas
include ponds, lakes, rivers, the ocean, and pools. Most people enjoy swimming in water that
is between 18° and 29°C (64° and 84°F).

A Learning to Swim
In many parts of the world, people learn to swim by imitating others, most often their parents,
brothers, sisters, and friends. Most youngsters in North America also take lessons at swim
clubs, community centers, schools, or recreational facilities. In addition, the American
Swimming Coaches Association (ASCA) and the American Red Cross sponsor programs that
teach children about water safety.

Instructors teach students skills that will make them safe, efficient, and confident swimmers.
Beginners first put their heads in the water and blow bubbles by exhaling. Gradually, students
progress to floating, treading water, and ultimately, learning the techniques of the major
strokes.

Students use various pieces of equipment during these lessons. Water-wings are inflatable
worn around the upper arms; they allow children to float easily. Kickboards are buoyant
boards that students can rest their arms on; this keeps their upper bodies afloat and allows
them to concentrate on kicking correctly. Pull-buoys are foam floats that swimmers hold
between their thighs to keep the lower body high and flat on the surface of water; using them,
students can learn the arm and upper sbody movements of various strokes. Paddles are small,
firm boards fitted over the hands; they force students to pull their arms through the water
correctly. Fins worn on the feet allow swimmers to go faster and to develop proper body
position and power.

B Hazards and Safety Measures

Individuals should not swim in conditions that their ability and experience will not allow
them to handle. For inexperienced recreational swimmers, many safety hazards exist—even
in a pool. These hazards include misjudging a dive and hitting one’s head on the bottom,
holding one’s Breath too long, becoming exhausted, and experiencing sudden cramps while
too far from shore or other swimmers.
In rivers and oceans, all swimmers should respect the power of nature. Powerful waves, tides,
and currents can easily overpower even the most experienced swimmers, sweeping them out
beyond safety or throwing them into coral or rocks. Caves pose additional dangers because
swimmers can be trapped inside them. Swimmers must follow the instructions of lifeguards
and obey posted information about water conditions, tides, and other dangers such as jellyfish
or pollution. A good precaution for children is the buddy system, in which each child is
paired with another while in the water. This system ensures that no person is swimming alone
and that if an emergency does happen, the lifeguard can be notified immediately.

III THE MAJOR STROKES

Four of the five main swimming strokes—the crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly—
are used both in competition and recreation. The fifth major stroke, the sidestroke, is slower
than the competitive strokes and is used primarily as a recreational and life-saving technique.

A Crawl

The crawl is the fastest and most efficient swimming technique. It is also called the freestyle,
because swimmers use it in freestyle events, which allow the use of any stroke.

To swim the crawl, a swimmer travels through the water with the chest and head pointing
downward toward the bottom. The legs move in a flutter kick, moving up and down quickly
and continually. Each arm stroke begins as the right arm is brought in front and slightly to the
right of the swimmer’s head and into the water. When the right hand enters the water, the
right elbow should be above the surface of the water and the body should be tilted slightly to
the left side. At the same time, the left arm accelerates underneath the water in a pulling
motion down the length of the body.
After the right arm enters the water, the body naturally rolls to the right so that the body is
horizontal to the water surface. The left arm continues through the stroke at the swimmer’s
side. The swimmer continues to extend the right arm forward, and the body begins to roll
onto its right side.

As the right arm begins to pull the swimmer forward, it increases the body’s tilt to the right
side, and the left arm exits the water near the swimmer’s hip.

Crawl
.

The swimmer then brings the left arm forward to enter the water while the right arm travels
down the swimmer’s side. As the left arm enters the water and the right arm exits, the
swimmer’s body begins to turn to the left side again, and the swimmer begins the stroke
sequence once more.

In the crawl, turning the head to breathe is a simple, easy motion that should be coordinated
with the body roll. As the body tilts completely to the right or left side, the swimmer should
roll the head to the same side and take a breath. After inhaling, the swimmer puts his or her
face back in the water, looking toward the bottom of the pool. The swimmer exhales slowly
through the nose or mouth as the body rolls toward the other side.

B Backstroke

Backstroke
.
The backstroke is the only stroke that is swum on the back, with the swimmer looking up.
Backstroke swimmers therefore cannot see where they are going. Because the face is out of
the water, swimmers need no special breathing technique. Back stroke use the same flutter
kick that crawl swimmers do.

At the beginning of each arm stroke, the swimmer extends the right arm so it enters the water
slightly to the right of the head. The palm should be facing away from the swimmer and the
pinky finger should enter the water first. At the same time, the swimmer moves the left arm
through the water below the left side of the body. Once in the water, the right arm begins
pulling the swimmer forward by bending at the elbow. At the same time the swimmer holds
the left arm straight as it reaches the hip and lifts it out of the water. As the right arm
continues to pull, the swimmer rotates slightly onto the right side and swings the left arm up
above the head.

As the swimmer finishes the right arm’s stroke along the body, he or she begins to rotate
toward the left side as the left arm reaches to enter the water above the head.

As the left hand enters the water, the body completes its roll to the left side and the right arm
lifts out of the water. Continuing these motions, the swimmer moves forward.

C Breaststroke

Breaststroke

The breaststroke is one of the easiest and most relaxing strokes for novices. Competitive
swimmers, however, find it difficult because it uses more energy than the crawl and
backstroke when swum at a fast pace. The breaststroke has undergone major changes since it
was introduced in the 17th century. Most swimmers now use a technique called the wave
breaststroke, which Hungarian coach Jozsef Nagy developed in the late 1980s.

To swim the wave breaststroke, the swimmer enters the water with the body streamlined,
facing the pool bottom with arms and legs fully extended. To begin the stroke, the swimmer
sweeps the arms out with the hands facing outward and bent slightly upward at the wrist.
When the swimmer’s body and arms form a T-shape, the swimmer bends each arm at the
elbow. The elbows remain near the surface of the water, while the forearms and hands,
pointing toward the bottom of the pool, sweep inward and underneath the chin. The swimmer
shrugs the shoulders, looks down, and arches the back as the arm sweep pulls the body
forward. The swimmer then raises the feet to the surface of the water, bends the knees, and
spreads the legs. The thighs should remain in line with the body.

As the head and upper torso clear the surface of the water, the swimmer inhales and lunges
forward with the arms. During this movement the swimmer turns the feet outward and kicks
backward. The swimmer then returns to the basic streamlined position and repeats the stroke.
D Butterfly

Michael Gross
West German swimmer Michael Gross won two gold medals at the 1984 Olympic Games in
Los Angeles, California, and another at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He was
nicknamed the Albatross because of his large arm span. He is seen here swimming the 100-
meter butterfly during the 1984 Games.
Tony Duffy/Allsport

The butterfly stroke is powerful, graceful, and fast. More than any other stroke, the butterfly
relies on good technique. Developed between 1930 and 1952, the butterfly is swum with an
undulating motion. The arms are brought forward over the water’s surface, then brought back
together in front of the body simultaneously. Each arm stroke is complemented by two
dolphin kicks, meaning the feet are kept together and brought down then up again, much like
the motion of a dolphin’s tail.

The swimmer begins the butterfly with the body in the basic streamlined position and the
head facing downward. The arms enter the water with the hands facing outward, as the
swimmer lunges forward, submerging the head and chest slightly. At this point the swimmer
makes a light downward kick with both feet. The body glides forward, and the hands catch
water and begin to pull.

Butterfly
This interactive illustration captures four moments in the butterfly stroke. In the butterfly, the
arms move together through the water, and the feet pump together in what is known as the
dolphin kick. Swimming the butterfly is tiring, so few swimmers use it except during races.
However, the butterfly’s effort does translate into speed, and it is almost as fast as the crawl
stroke. In this diagram, the swimmer is moving to the right.
© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

The pulling stroke begins with the hands facing outward and the elbows near the water
surface. The swimmer pulls the hands down
so that they come together under the body.
The legs start the second downward kick.

When the swimmer then pulls the arms down

to the hips, the motion forces the head and
shoulders above the surface of the water.
This positioning enables the swimmer to
inhale.

The swimmer finishes the arm pull with a

sweeping motion that brings each arm along
the sides with the palms facing in. When the
second downward kick is completed, the
swimmer swings the arms slightly out of the
water and glides forward. Another stroke
cycle begins as the swimmer plunges the
arms back into the water above the head.

E Sidestroke

Sidestroke

Janet Evans
American swimmer Janet Evans raises her arm in triumph after winning the Olympic gold
medal in the women’s 400-meter individual medley in 1988. Evans won a total of three gold
medals at the 1988 Olympics and she has registered world records for three separate events.
Women’s swimming has been an Olympic sport since 1912.
REUTERS/THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE

Many regional meets are held every two or four years. These include the Pan-Pacific
Championships for nations in Asia and the Pacific Ocean region, the European
championships, the Pan American Games for the countries of North and South America, and
the African championships.

To participate in international meets, a swimmer must be selected by his or her national

federation. Many countries base the selection on performances at national championships or
Olympic trials. In addition, swimmers must meet international time standards predetermined
by FINA. However, each country is allowed to select one swimmer per event regardless of
the swimmer’s times.

Swimming is integral to several sports, including body boarding, snorkeling, surfing,

synchronized swimming, triathlon, underwater diving, and water polo. People also should
have strong swimming skills in a variety of other water-based activities, including
competitive diving, fishing, jet-skiing, rowing, sailing, and waterskiing.

Swimming is a valuable activity for physical therapy and exercise. Because it works the
majority of the muscles in the body and provides both aerobic benefits and resistance benefits
(as the swimmer pulls and pushes through the water), the sport is generally considered one of
the most complete forms of exercise. Swimming does not strain joints and connective tissue
as much as many other forms of exercise, and swimmers injure themselves at a lower rate
than most other athletes. Athletes in other sports who are recovering from injuries often swim
to stay in shape.

Several exercise programs are water based. In water aerobics, the water provides extra
resistance for cardiovascular workouts. Many older adults exercise by becoming involved in
programs with organized coaching, workouts, and competition. Swimming laps in pools is an
extremely popular exercise among people of all ages.

Not all competitions take place in pools. In long-distance swimming, racers compete over
lengthy courses, usually in lakes, rivers, or the ocean. Most competitions are held at distances
of 5 and 25 km (3.1 and 15.5 mi), but some races are longer than 38 km (24 mi). The longest
races can take seven or eight hours to complete.

Several occupations require that individuals be proficient swimmers. For lifeguards,

swimming skills are perhaps most important because lifeguards are responsible for the safety
of other people in swimming areas. Scuba diving and snorkeling instructors also must be
prepared to assist others if an emergency occurs. Physical education teachers must swim well
enough to teach others. Underwater archaeologists do research while scuba diving, so strong
swimming skills help them with their work. Pearl divers must be able to swim deep and hold
their breath for a long time as they descend to the bottom to search for their treasures. Sailors
and offshore oil workers do not swim as part of their jobs, but because they work on the
water, they should be able to swim fairly well in case they accidentally fall overboard.
VI HISTORY

Human beings have been swimming for thousands of years. One of the earliest
representations of swimming is an ancient Egyptian wall relief that shows soldiers of Pharaoh
Ramses II (reigned 1290-1224 BC) pursuing their enemies by swimming across the Orontes
River between ancient Egypt and Asia Minor.

Swimming was highly esteemed in ancient Greece and Rome, especially as a form of training
for warriors. In Japan, competitions were held as early as the 1st century BC. In Europe,
swimming was less popular during the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), when
immersion in water was sometimes associated with the recurrent epidemic diseases of the
time.

The crawl stroke was probably invented independently in various areas of the world several
hundred years ago. Swimmers in South America and the South Pacific used crawl-like
strokes long before they were used in Europe. Native Americans also used an over arm crawl
stroke. In 1844 two members of the Native American Ojibwa tribe named The Flying Gull
and Tobacco traveled to England, where they defeated local champions and became national
celebrities.

By the 19th century European misconceptions about the dangers of swimming had been
dispelled. In the late 19th century amateur swimming clubs began conducting competitions in
the United States and Britain. In the United States, colleges and universities such as Yale
University, Indiana University, and the University of Southern California played an important
role in spreading interest in swimming as a competitive sport. In 1875 Matthew Webb of
Great Britain became the first person to swim across the English Channel (see Channel
Swimming). Webb swam between Dover, England, and the coast of France near Calais,
where the channel is more than 32 km (20 mi) in width. By 1896 swimming had become well
established. It was one of the sports at the first modern Olympic Games, held that year in
Athens, Greece.

A Early Champions

At the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, American swimmer Charles Daniels won gold
medals in the 200-meter and 400-meter freestyle, signaling the beginning of an era of
American dominance that lasted until the 1930s.
Women’s swimming became an Olympic sport at the 1912 Games in Stockholm, Sweden,
and Australian swimmer Fanny Durack won the first gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle.
That same year American swimmer Duke Kahanamoku won the men’s 100-meter freestyle.
Kahanamoku repeated his 100-meter victory at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium, and
was also a member of the winning 4 × 200-meter freestyle relay team. Later, Kahanamoku
traveled worldwide as a Red Cross water safety instructor, promoting swimming and the
sport of surfing.

Helene Madison

Dawn Fraser

Swimming became more popular in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s, partly due to
American swimmer and actor Esther Williams. Because the Olympics were cancelled during
World War II (1939-1945), Williams never competed in the Olympics competition, but she
starred in a number of popular motion pictures that featured her in water ballets, swimming,
diving, and waterskiing. She went on to develop her own line of swimming pools.

In the 1950s and 1960s Australian swimmers enjoyed great Olympic success, including
Murray Rose, Jon Konrads, David Thiele, and Dawn Fraser. Fraser became the first Olympic
champion to win the same event at three different Olympics when she captured the gold
medal in the 100-meter freestyle at the 1956 Games in Melbourne, Australia, the 1960 Games
in Rome, Italy, and the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan.

B Champions Since the 1970s

Mark Spitz

At the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea, Kristin Otto of East Germany won six gold
medals and Janet Evans of the United States won three. American Matt Biondi won five gold
medals in the men’s events. Also at Seoul, Anthony Nesty of Suriname became the first black
Olympic swimming champion when he won the 100-meter butterfly.

Matt Biondi
Kristin Otto
D Recent Developments

Ian Thorpe

In open water swimming, Australia’s Susie Maroney performed several feats previously
thought impossible. In 1997 she became the first person to swim the 169-km (105-mi) strait
between Havana, Cuba, and Key West, Florida. The following year she completed a 206-km
(128-mi) swim from Isla Mujeres, Mexico, to Las Tumbas beach in Cuba. In 1999 Maroney
swam the 160-km (100-mi) distance from Jamaica to Cuba.
EVALUATION:

1Define swimming

2 Mention four strokes in swimming

3 Mention three safety precaution during swimming

Reading assignment: Essential of PHE by SA Erazmus book 2 page 99—104

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Give a brief history of swimming and mention two notable
swimmers in time past.

WEEK THREE

DATE

TOPIC Non-Contact Games (Gymnastics)

CONTENT i. Floor Activities :Classification of floor activities

ii. Values of floor activities

iii. Officials and their duties

iv. Safety rules for non – contact games.

Sub-Topic 1 FLOOR ACTIVITIES.

Floor activities are the activities performed on mat, foam or floor. They are also known as
stunts. Tumbling are the activities involving springing{jump or move rapidly}, rolling,
twisting and turning of the body.

CLASSIFICATION OF FLOOR ACTIVITIES.

Floor activities can be classified into the following:

(a). Stunts activities (individual or with a partner).

(b). Tumbling activities.

(c). Balancing activities.

They are all performed without apparatus.

Stunts (without partner)

These include:

1. Frog jump.
2. Push up.
3. Cycling in the air.
4. Trunk curl.
5. Sit up.
6. Rabbit jump.

Stunts (with partner)

These include:

1. Cock fight.
2. See –saw.
3. Wheel barrow.
4. Fireman lift.
5. Lift the log.
6. Chinese get- up.
7. Leg wrestling.

Stunts (group)

Pyramids.

Tumbling activities.

1. Forward roll.
2. Backward roll.
3. Cartwheel.
4. Dive forward roll.
5. Head stand.
6. Hand stand.
7. Side roll.
8. Front somersault.
9. Back somersault.
10. Head spring.

Sub-Topic 2:VALUES OF FLOOR ACTIVITIES.

1. It develops courage.
2. It develops physical fitness.
3. It develops safety skills.
4. It provides the means of livelihood.
 5. It improves body posture.
6. It develops alertness.
7. It develops coordination and balance.
8. It develops a wide range of movement patterns.
9. It develops beauty of movement.
10. It develops mental and creative ability.

Sub – Topic 3: Safety Precautions

1. Have a proper warm up before activities.

2. Make sure the playing area or field is free from dangerous objects or obstacles.
3. Activities must be performed based on the ability of the performer.
4. Put on correct wears.
5. Practice and master fundamental skills before the exercises.
6. Activities or exercises must be performed from simple to complex.
7. Listen to and follow instructions.
8. Adequate space must be made available for all tumbling exercises.
9. There should be enough foam and flood light in activity area.

Sub – Topic 4: Gymnastics Officials

a. Referee
b. Judges
c. Scorers
d. Announcers
e. Doctors
f. Clerks
g. Mat chairman
h. Time keeper.

WEEK FOUR

DATE

TOPIC: PERSONAL SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH

FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

CONTENT: (a) Meaning and types of family.

(b) Duties of members of the family

(c) Puberty in boys and girls

 (d) Teenage pregnancy and its consequences

Sub-Topic: MEANING AND TYPE OF FAMILY

What is family? The family is a basic unit of the society that is responsible for supporting,
caring for and preparing children for adulthood.It is a group of people that are related to one
another by blood, marriage or law. The family is usually the first environment of every child,
the personality development of the child is highly influenced by the family. The family is the
primary environment in which the child grows.

Types of family

There are two types of family:

 Nuclear family
 Extended family
Other types of modern day family

 Foster family
 Adopted family

The nuclear family is made up of the husband, wife and their children.

The extended family consists of the husband, wife or wives, their children, grandparent’s
aunts, uncle and cousins. If it is a polygamous family, it will include co-wives and their
children. This type of family provides care and social support for dependent relatives and
interdependency among all members of the family unit.

The foster family is made up of adults acting as parents to children who may or may not be
related to them, compensations are awarded to the parents

Adopted family: Children whose biological parents are unable to cater for are given out to
another family by legal action. In adopted family, children are given rights of a child born
into the family. The parents receive no compensations but are expected to exercise all the
duties of natural parents.

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH MEMBER

Every member has a role to play within the family. The parent is to provide love, food,
clothes, shelter and guidance. The role of the child is to be obedient assist with household
chores and childcare, perform well in school and prepare for a meaningful adult life.

Responsibilities of the family

 It is the responsibility of the family to raise children

 To care for the child from childhood till he is old enough to care for himself
 It is responsible for the education of the child
 It is responsible for the transmission of societal norms and culture to the child
  It is the responsibility of the family to provide emotional, psychological, moral
and material support to the child
 It is responsible for the provision of physical security such as food, clothing
shelter and other needs.
Roles of the father

 Provision of food, shelter, and money for the family

 Making important decisions
Roles of the mother

 Preparation of food
 Keeping the house in order
 Nurturing and raising children
 Teaching the children morals and values
Note: Many of the above should be in conjunction with the father.

Roles of the children


Obeying their parents.

Assisting in performing household chores such as laundry, washing the car,
cooking and gardening
 performing well in school
 Living up to family expectations.
PUBERTY

What is Puberty? Puberty is the time in your life when your body starts changing from that
of child to an adult. While there is no right time for puberty to begin, girls usually start a
little earlier than boys – usually between 8and 13 years of age. Puberty for boys usually starts
at about 10 to 14 years of age.

Physical changes that take place in boys

 A boy’s voice gets deeper

 His muscle develop
 His chest gets broader
 Hair starts to grow under his arms, on his legs and face
 During this time his penis and testicles will also grow bigger and longer
Hair, often called pubic hair, will also start to grow at the base of his penis. He will start to
have erections and he may have wet dreams.

Physical changes that take place in girls during puberty

 A girl breasts will start to grow

 Her hips get rounder
 Hair will start to grow under her arms. Hair, often called public hair, will also
grow between her legs. She will also start to have periods.

PREMARITAL-SEX

Sex:The sexual urge or instinct as it manifests itself in behavior.

Premarital-sex is the sex intercourse between parties not married to each other.

Adultery: sexual intercourse between a married person and one other than the lawful
spouse.

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF PREMARITAL SEX

 Unwanted pregnancies
 Unwanted child
 Life- long emotional effects
 Sexually transmitted diseases
Evaluation:

(1) What is family?

(2) Explain types of families.
(3) List and explain duties of each member in the family
READING ASSIGNMENT :Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 pg 41-45

Weekend Assignment:

Objective Test:

(1) A basic unit of the society that is responsible for supporting, caring and preparing
children for adulthood is……………….. (a) Age (b) family (c) Status (d) Call
(2) How many types of family do we have? ............. (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
(3) The type of family that consists of father, mother and their children is …………. (a)
Nuclear family (b) Extended family (c) monogamous family (d) Casual family
(4) The following are physical changes in boys except……… (a) Testicular enlargement
(b) Boy voice gets deeper (c) Muscles develop (d) Vagina develops
Essay Test:

(1) Differentiate between puberty in boys and girls

(2) List four consequences of pre-marital sex.

WEEK FIVE :

DATE :

TOPIC : PERSONAL , SCHOOL, COMMUNITY HEALTH 1

CONTENT : i. Assertiveness and Communication Skills

ii. Career Guidance

iii. Sport Promotion Agencies and Bodies in Nigeria

a. Sport Association
b. NAPHER SD
c. Nigeria Institute of Sports

Sub Topic 1: ASSERTIVENESS

This is ability to say no because you know what you are capable of.

NON-ASSERTIVENESS.

This is a person who is often taken advantage of, feels helpless, takes on every ones
problem, says yes to inappropriate demands.

Allows others to choose for him or her.

Sport promotion agency and body in Nigeria

(i) Sport Association
(ii) NAPHER SD
(iii) Nigeria Institute of Sport

Sub-Topic 1: NEEDS FOR PROMOTION OF SPORTS IN OUR SOCIETY

 Apart from the life-enriching and fulfilling role of sport

 It is also part of man’s common culture in that it responds to an inherent human
physical and mental desire.
 As well as being a way of responding to the inherent desire in human to move
their bodies
 It fosters stamina and physical strength
 Relieves mental stress
 Helps to prevent the habitual lifestyle diseases
 It enhances the nation’s interest in sport.
 Makes a deep emotional impression.
 It fosters sense of personal responsibility
 And self-control and a spirit of fair-play
 Sport also fosters in the young communication ability.
 A sound education for children and youths
 Promotion of a new sense of cohesion in our regional communities.
 Create employment opportunities
 Contributes to the economic development of our country
 Is one element of the world’s cultural heritage
 Contributory element in fostering international friendship.

SPORT PROMOTION AGENCIES AND BODIES IN NIGERIA

 Nigeria sports association

 Nigeria Association of Physical Health Education and Recreation SPORT and
Dance(NAPHER SD)
Nigeria institute of sports.

CAREER OPPORTUNITY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

 Coaching
 Training
  Sport journalism
 Teaching
 Editing/publishing
EVALUATION
i. Differentiate between assertiveness and non assertiveness
ii. Mention three sport agencies you know
ASSIGNMENT
What are the need for promotion of sport in Nigeria

WEEK SIX

DATE

TOPIC PERSONAL, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH II

CONTENT : i. Agencies/Organizations promoting Health Education in

Nigeria

ii. Personal Health

iii. Life enhancing measure against ageing

iv. Supporting dying, grieving and ageing person

SUB- TOPIC 1: AGENCIES/ ORGANIZATION PROMOTING HEALTH

EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

 Ministry of health
 Nigeria drug law enforcement agencies (NDLEA)
 Road safety corps
 National agency for food, drug administration and control (NAFDAC)
 United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization(UNESCO)
 United states agency for international development (USAID)
 World health organization.(WHO)
 Japan international cooperation agency (JICA)
 The united nations children’s funds(UNICEF)

CAREER OPPORTUNITY IN HEALTH EDUCATION

 Teaching
 Health journalism
 Editing/ publishing of health materials
  Social work
 Community development

Sub Topic II : Agency and Organization that promote Health Education in Nigeria

 (i) NSHA
 (ii) NAHET
 (iii) Ministry of Health
 (iv) NDLEA
 (v) Road Safety Corps
 (vi) NAFDAC
 (vii) UNESCO
 (viii) USAID
 (ix) WHO
 (x) JICA
 (xi) UNWEF

Evaluation

(1) List three agencies promoting Health Education in Nigeria

(2) List two career opportunities in physical Education

Sub Topic III Description of Ageing and Death

Sub-Topic 1: DESCRIPTION OF AGEING AND DEATH

Ageing is the process of growing old reaching the end of useful life. It is also a time in life
where one becomes obsolescent.

Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living organisms. Death begins
when the heart stops beating. Death is a process rather than events.

LIFE ENHANCING MEASURE AGAINST AGEING

 Rest and sleep

 Exercise
 Nutrition
 Greater participation in activities
 Having more close friends
 Visiting with family
 Addressing basic needs
 Promotes healthy behaviors

SUPPORTING A DYING PEOPLE

  Be there consistently, as often as the patient wants, and as frequently as the time
schedule permits.
 Maintain contact on a regular basis, over a period of time, so the dying person will
feel comfortable with sharing thoughts, fears, feelings, wishes, dreams and hopes
 Listen more than talk. Follow the dying person’s agenda as time is spent with
them.
 Let them also know who is in the room ;tell him or her who is touching an arm or
patting a shoulder
 Remind them of the time and date.
 It is very important, especially during the hours and minutes immediately
preceding death, that arrangements be made for the patient and family members,
friends, spouse, and partners to have time alone with the patient to hold, to touch,
to say things one last time before they part

SUPPORTING A GRIEVING AND AGEING PERSON

 Social support
 Good self-care
 The passage of time
 Contact a counselor
 Contact bereavement support group for help.

Evaluation:

(1) What is ageing?

(2) Write short note on death.
READING ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 pg 51-57
Weekend Assignment

(1) State three steps to support dying person.

(2) List four life enhancing measure against ageing

WEEK SEVEN: MID-TERM BREAK

WEEK EIGHT

DATE

TOPIC PERSONAL, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH II

CONTENT i. Meaning of drug use misuse and abuse

ii. Categories of drugs

 iii. Health Consequences of Drug Misuse and Abuse

iv. Ways of preventing drug misuse and abuse among the young people

Sub-Topic: MEANING OF DRUG:

Drug is any chemical substance used for curing, treatment, diagnosis or for preventing
diseases. Drug can also be used to reduce weight and to relief someone from any form of
symptoms.

DRUG USE

This refers to the taking of medication for an intended purpose, in an appropriate amount,
frequency, strength and proper manner.

However, it has been discovered that most people often divert from the original purpose for
which drugs were meant.

Drug misuse

Drug misuse is the practice of using drugs for pleasure rather than for medical reasons. It is
the use of drugs without medically valid prescription. Even when drugs are prescribed, they
may be misused if not taken in the right quantity, dosage and length of time.

Drug abuse

Drug abuse is the indiscriminate, deliberate, excessive and persistent taking of chemical
substances for purpose other than medical effect on the drug taker’s mental, physical, social
and emotional health e.g{doping in sport}

Categories of drugs:

1. Stimulants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Psychedelic or hallucinogens
5. Depressants, sedatives or hypnotics.

Health Consequences of Drug Misuse and Abuse

When drugs are misused or abused, they have serious consequences on the user.

Such consequences include:

a). Damage to organs e.g. brain, kidney, liver etc. leading psychosis{}psychological
pro..

(b).Criminal tendencies.

(c). sociopathic behaviours e.g. rape.

 (d).Lying and stealing to buy drugs.

(e). Loss of job due to declining productivity.

(f). Reduced coordination and neuromuscular control.

(g). Development of high blood pressure.

(h). Impaired judgement, leading to accidents.

(i). Frustration Leading to suicide tendencies.

(j).Physical disability or death.

Prevention of drug abuse/misuse among young people

Drug misuse and abuse among young can be prevented through the following ways:

1. Educating the public{awareness ,enlightening people} on dangers of using drugs.

2. Government ban on proliferation{reproduce rapidly} and sale of drug.
3. Banning sale of drugs near institution of learning.
4. Investigating social relationships and sources of drugs when found.
5. Placing a ban on sale of drugs to children.
6. Informing the home about the child’s behaving.
7. Giving health talk and true life stories to students.
8. Using reformed users as resource person.
9. Taking students on visits to psychiatric and rehabilitation centres’
10. Giving individual or group counselling.
11. Encouraging alternatives to drugs; for example sports, games and athletics.
12. Giving referrals to experts early enough.
13. Radio jingles and adverts motivating against use of drugs.
14. Treatment and rehabilitation.

EVALUATION

(1) What is drug?

(2) Mention the categories of drugs.
READING ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 Pg 61-63

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

(1) .................List five health consequences drugs.

(2) Mention seven ways of preventing drug misuse and abuse.

WEEK NINE
DATE

TOPIC: PATHOGEN, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

CONTENT: i. Nature of Communicable Disease

ii. Mode of Transmission of the disease

iii. Factors and Causative Agent

iv. Prevention and manage of non – communicable diseases

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: These are diseases that can be transferred from one
person to another. A disease is when one departs from normal and it is unwell with
functioning state of the body.

AGENTS OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Air – borne diseases

2. Food borne diseases
3. Insect borne diseases
4. Contagious and sexually transmitted diseases

SIGNS OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

- Red or watery eye

- Skin rash
- Cough
- Frequent passing of faeces
- Vomiting
- Running note
- Headache
- Anaemia
- Fever

EVALUATION

1. Define diseases
2. Mention two main types of diseases
3. List 5 agents of diseases
4. State 3 signs of communicable diseases
5.
PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Maintain personal hygiene.

2. Cover food is protect them from flies
3. Protect the body from insect bites
4. Drink clean and safe water
5. Do not use the materials of other people
6. Do not spit indiscriminately
7. Go for immunization
8. Exposition to Health Education
9. Do not sleep in overcrowded room (good ventilation).
10. There should be proper disposal of refuse and sewage.
11. Wash fruits thoroughly before eating
12. Wash hand before eating food
13. Wash hands after visiting the toilet to pass feaces
14. Avoid pre-marital and outside marriage sex

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD)

- Sexually transmitted disease are: Human Immunodeficiency virus, (HIV),Acquired

Immune Deficiency Syndrome, (AIDS).

TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

- Typhoid
- Diarrhoea
- Tuberculoses
- Syphilis
- Chicken pox
- Dysentery
- Cholera
- Measles
- Influenza
- Mumps
- Common cold

PREVENTION OF AIDS

1. Abstain from sex until you marry.

2. Be disciplined in sex issues.
3. Do not share razor blades, clippers, needles, syringes or other sharp instruments with
people.
4. Be faithful not to have sex outside marriage.
5. Avoid taking alcoholic drinks and using intoxicating drugs.
6. Cover open wounds.
7. Do not share chewing stick, blades, needles and tooth brushes.

EVALUATION

1. List 3 sexually transmitted diseases

2. Discuss HIV/AIDS
READING ASSIGNMENT:

Essentials of PHE For Junior Secondary Schools book 1 by Akinseye Saint Erazmus pp 124-
129

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective:

(1) Which is not a communicable disease (a) bacteria (b)HIV

(c) small box (d) chicken pox

(2) Identify communicable disease here (a)obesity (b) cough

(c)diabetes (d) ulcer

Essay:

1. Explain the difference between communicable and non communicable diseases

2. State two preventive measures of communicable diseases

SUB-TOPIC : MEANING OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be transmitted from one to another.

They have many causes but are never caused by germs, bacteria or other living organisms
that attack the body. They are rather caused by:

1. Atomic fallouts
2. Chemical fallouts
3. Physiological failure of the tissues
4. Brain damage
5. Congenital problems
6. Dietary imbalance
7. Malnutrition
8. Heredity
9. Endocrine/hormonal accident

Atomic fallout: deposition on the surface of the earth of radioactive particles, released into
the atmosphere as a result of nuclear explosions and by discharge from nuclear-power and
atomic installations.

Chemical fallouts: chemical agents such as nerve gas, or biological weapons such as the
contagious disease anthrax.

Physiological failures of the tissues: inability of the body tissues to work properly
 Brain damage:

injury to the brain tissue that can impair its ability to function
Congenital problem: also called congenital disorders, any abnormalities of structure or
function that are present at birth.

Dietary imbalance:

Malnutrition:
SUB-TOPIC 2: EXAMPLES /NATURE OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Common non-communicable diseases

DISEASES CAUSES
Rheumatism heart-attack epileptic fits migraines Physiological failure of the tissues
cataract cancer
Snake-bit cough from smoke stomach ulcer Chemical or atomic fallouts
alcoholism allergies asthma
Marasmus pellagra anaemia goiter kwashiorkor Malnutrition dietary imbalance
cirrhosis
Hare-lip crossed eyes epilepsy retarded brain Congenital problem or heredity
birthmark other deformities
Paranoia anxiety neurosis schizophrenia phobias Brain damage or emotional disturbances
psychosis hypochondria

SUB-TOPIC 3: PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

 1. Personal hygiene
2. Eat balance diet
3. Regular cheek up in good hospital
4. Regular exercise
5. Immunization
6. Use insecticide mosquito net
7. Drink water free from germs

EVALUATION

1. Define non-communicable diseases

2. Mention three (3) causes of non-communicable diseases

READING ASSIGNMENT:

Essential of PHE by SA Erazmus book 2 page 105

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Write short note on the following

1. Brain damage
2. Atomic fallouts
3. mention four (4) ways of preventing communicable disease

WEEK TEN

DATE

TOPIC: FAMILY HEALTH

CONTENT: i. Types of diseases and mode of transfer

ii. Diseases vectors

iii. Types of disease vectors

iv. Life cycle of the mosquito and other vectors

v. Control Measures

SUB TOPIC: DISEASE

Diseases means illness or disorder of the body or mind. The agents causing diseases are
called pathogens. The science and the study of diseases is called pathology.

Diseases causative agents are viruses, Rickettsiae , bacteria, spirochetes, fungi, protozoa,
worms.

Diseases Vectors

Vectors are animals which transmit disease causing organisms (pathogen) from an infected
person to uninfected person without being infected. They assist in carrying micro organisms
or microbes. They are mainly insects, mollusc and some mammals. Examples of vectors are :

 Mosquito
 Cockroach
 Housefly
 Tsetse fly
 Dogs and cat
 Rat
 Black flies

Mosquito Housefly

Tsetse fly Bedbugs

 LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSQUITO

LIFE CYCLE OF MALARIA

The mosquito is the carrier of the micro-organism which causes malaria. The micro-
organism is a protozoan called plasmodium. It lives in the blood cells, passes waste matter
into them and eventually destroys them. The malaria parasite is carried by the female
anopheles. When the mosquito bites a person it passes the parasite into the blood.

The stages in the life cycle of the mosquito: eggs-larva-pupa-adult

HOUSE FLY

This is the common name for the most of familiar species of non-biting muscoid fly. It is
found in the vicinity of human habitations throughout the world. It is often a carrier of such
diseases as typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, tracheae and anthrax. The adult fly transmits
disease by contaminating food with disease organisms which it has picked up on its hairy legs
or has ingested and then regurgitated.

LIFE CYCLE OF THE HOUSEFLY:

The female lays an average of 150 white eggs in a mass. The female can live for about two
months and can lay between 600 to 1000 eggs during its lifetime. The eggs hatch in about 12
hours into white, legless larvae called maggots which grow to 12.5mm in length. The
maggots develop into pupa in five to six days. The pupa develops into a new adult in another
four to five days if the weather is warm or in a month or later if weather conditions are
favourable.

LIFE CYCLE OF TSETSE-FLY

Tsetse-fly carries the sleeping sickness parasite. The parasite is trypanosome. The tsetse-fly
spread the disease to man and other animals like goats, sheep pigs, horses and donkeys, by
biting them. The parasite is passed to the bitten animal through the saliva of the tsetse fly.
The bitten animals begin to feel the effects of the parasite after one to three weeks. The
human victim suffers fever, headache, and frequent sleeping; hence it is called sleeping
sickness or nagana.

Tsetse flies breed in shady, damp places such as the vegetation by the

River side. Some breed in open places like the grassland. One mating is sufficient for the
tsetse fly to continue to produce new tsetse flies for the rest of her life time. The tsetse fly has
a life span of between three weeks and five months. The eggs develops inside the fly and
hatch into larvae which are released in a shady place.

The larva then developed into pupa and pupa to adult or imago.

CONTROL MEASURES OF MOSQUITOES; CARRIER OF MALARIA AND

OTHER CARRIERS.

A drop of oil can be put on top of the water containing the larva and pupa stages of the
mosquito; this hinders the further development of mosquitoes.

The knowledge of thee life cycle of mosquito will bring insight on how to control its spread.
A large number of mosquito eggs and larvae are destroyed by small fish. Mosquito may be
controlled by eliminating their breeding places with oil or insecticides. Other ways of
controlling the breeding of mosquitoes include clearing the bushes around the houses,
removal of all broken bottles and any container that can hold water pouring kerosene on any
stagnant water around the houses

Mosquito is the carrier of the micro-organism which causes malaria. This micro-organism is a
protozoan called Plasmodium. Malaria is mainly caused by a type of mosquito called Female
anopheles Mosquito.

Major control measures are

Water drainage
Insecticide

Oil spreading\spraying.

CONTROL MEASURES OF MOSQUITOES; CARRIER OF MALARIA

(1) Clearing of stagnant water which is a breeding place for the growth of mosquito.

(2) Using insect repellent e.g. Raid

(3) Using mosquito nets over sleeping beds

(4) Clearing bushes around us.

CONTROL MEASURE OF HOUSE FLY; CARRIER OF DYSENTERY

Apart from the three ways of preventing the spread of diseases by vectors such as:

I. Removing their breeding places

II. Controlling their life cycle

III. Killing the germs in the body of infected person without being harmed;

House fly could be controlled in the following ways;

1. Avoid exposing human faeces, kitchen waste and refuse or compost heaps around
2. Always cover your food, do not house fly to land on it.

3. Spraying house fly with insecticides to kill them.

CONTROL OF TSE-TSE FLY

Like other vectors, tsetse fly could be controlled by:

1. Controlling their life cycle

2. Getting rid of their breeding places
3 Clearing bushes around your houses.

4 Stop the flies from breeding.

EVALUATION

1. What are vectors?

2. Mention diseases cause by vectors

3. Describe the life cycle of mosquitoes

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Draw the diagram of life cycle of mosquito, house fly and tsetse fly
WEEK 11

DATE:

TOPIC: FAMILY HEALTH

CONTENT: i. Disease Transmission

ii. Consequences of Contracting Diseases on Individual Family,

Society.

iii. Diseases prevention

SUB- TOPIC: DISEASES TRANSMISSION of Communicable diseases

1. Airborne – droplet infection and dust infection

2. Waterborne – intestinal infection and parasites in animal that lives in water
3. Contaminated food transmitted by flies, dirty hands or night – soil
4. Contact or contagious diseases spread by skin contact
5. Animal bites

Diseases Transmission of non- communicable diseases

Physiological failure of the tissues
Chemical or atomic fallout
Malnutrition, dietary imbalance
Congenital problem or emotional disturbance
SUB – TOPIC II : Consequences of contracting diseases on individual Family and
Society

a. Disturbance to family and marital functioning

b. Disruption of profession and personal life
c. Increase in health care cost
d. Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder
e. Social skill problem
f. Academic difficulty
g. Long term negative outcomes such as lower educational and employment

DISEASES PREVENTION
Sanitation
Education
Immunization
Choice of life partner
Evaluation
How can sanitation prevent diseases?
ASSIGNMENT
What are the consequences of contracting individual diseases?

JS3 (BASIC 9) THIRD TERM

WEEK TOPIC

1. REVISION
2. MOCK BECE