Page Number: 40

Question 1

Give an example of a metal which :

(i) Is a liquid at room temperature.

(ii) Can be easily cut with a knife.
(iii) Is the best conductor of heat.
(iv) Is a poor conductor of heat.

Answer:

(i) Mercury
(ii) Sodium
(iii) Silver
(iv) Lead

Question 2

Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.

Answer:

Malleable : A metal that can be beaten into thin sheets on hammering is called malleable.

Ductile : A metal which can be drawn into thin wires is called ductile.

Page Number: 46

Question 1

Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil ?

Answer:

Sodium is highly reactive. So it is kept immersed in kerosene oil to prevent its reaction with oxygen,
moisture and carbon dioxide of air to prevent accidental fires.

Question 2

Write equations for the reactions of

(i) Iron with steam.

(ii) Calcium and potassium with water.

Answer:
Question 3

Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solution one by one. The
results obtained have been tabulated as follows :

Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.

(i) Which is the most reactive metal ?

(ii) What would you observe if B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?
(iii) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.

Answer:

(i) B is the most reactive metal because it gives displacement reaction with iron (II) sulphate.
(ii) When metal B is added to copper (II) sulphate solution, a displacement reaction will take
place due to which the blue colour of copper (II) sulphate solution will fade and a red-brown
deposit of copper will be formed on metal B.
 (iii) Metal B is the most reactive because it displaces iron from its salt solution. Metal A is less
reactive because it displaces copper from its salt solution. Metal C is still less reactive
because it can displace only silver from its salt solution and metal D is the least reactive
because it cannot displace any metal from its salt solution. Hence, the decreasing order of
reactivity of the metals is B > A > C > D.

Question 4

Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal ? Write the chemical
reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4.

Answer:

Hydrogen gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal.

Chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4 :

Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Question 5

What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate ? Write the chemical
reaction that takes place.

Answer:

Zinc is more reactive than iron. Therefore, when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate, then the
greenish colour of iron (II) sulphate solution fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc
sulphate solution and iron metal is deposited on zinc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Page 46 Q5

Class 10 Metals and Non Metals NCERT Book Page Number: 49

Question 1

(i) Write the electron dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are ions present in these compounds?
Answer:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Page 49 Q1

(iii) Formation of Na2O and MgO

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Page 49 Q1.1

(iv) In Na2O, ions present are Na+ and O2-.

In MgO, ions present are Mg2+ and O2-.

Question 4

Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal ? Write the chemical
reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4.

Answer:

Hydrogen gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal.

Chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4 :

Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Question 5

What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate ? Write the chemical
reaction that takes place.

Answer:

Zinc is more reactive than iron. Therefore, when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate, then the
greenish colour of iron (II) sulphate solution fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc
sulphate solution and iron metal is deposited on zinc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Page 46 Q5

Class 10 Metals and Non Metals NCERT Book Page Number: 49

Question 1
 (i) Write the electron dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are ions present in these compounds?

Answer:

(ii) Formation of Na2O and MgO

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Page 49 Q1.1

(iv) In Na2O, ions present are Na+ and O2-.

In MgO, ions present are Mg2+ and O2-.

Question 2

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points ?

(iv) What are ions present in these compounds?

Answer:

The ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions. There is a strong force of attraction
between the oppositely charged ions, so a lot of heat energy is required to break this force of attraction
and melt the ionic compound. Due to this, ionic compounds have high melting points.

Class 10 Metals and Non Metals NCERT Book Page Number: 53

Question 1

Define the following terms : (i) Mineral, (ii) Ore and (iii) Gangue.

Answer:

(i) Mineral : The natural materials in which the metals or their compounds are found in earth
are called minerals.
 (ii) Ore : Those minerals from which the metals can be extracted conveniently and profitably
are called ores.
(iii) Gangue : The unwanted impurities like sand, rocky material, earth particles, lime stone,
mica, etc in an ore are called gangue.

Question 2

Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.

Answer:

Gold and platinum

Question 3

What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide.

Answer:

Reduction process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide.

For example, zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc by heating with carbon.

ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)

Besides carbon, highly reactive metals like sodium, calcium, aluminium etc. are used as reducing agents.
These displace metals of low reactivity from their oxides.

For example,

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(s) + Heat

Gold is Metal or Nonmetal ?

Gold is a metal found in nature in the free state

Class 10 Metals and Non Metals NCERT Book Page Number:

Question 1

Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals
In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place ?

Answer:

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its oxide. But out of zinc, magnesium, and
copper metals, magnesium is the most reactive, zinc is less reactive whereas copper is the least reactive
metal.

The displacement will take place in the following cases :

Question 2

Which metals do not corrode easily ?

Answer:

Gold and Platinum.

Question 3

What are alloys ?

Answer:

An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal. For example,
bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.