Alexandria University

Faculty Of Engineering
Department Of Architecture

Cycling-Based Mixed-Use
Neighborhood
__________________________________________________________________________

Programmer Name:
Aya Hassan Galal

ID:20010378

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1. Preliminaries

1.1. Transmittal
From Student: Aya Hassan Galal Mohamed Elnggar
To: Alexandria University. Faculty of Engineering, Architectural Department.
Subject: Thesis of my graduation project
Dear, Alexandria University. Faculty of Engineering, Architectural Department.
I am writing to formally clarify my graduation project, titled Cycling-Based Mixed-Use
Neighborhood

The attached project program outlines the research, methodology, findings, and conclusions
derived from my extensive study in Urban design.

To give you a hint about the project, I will explain the nature of the project briefly. The Cycling-
Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood in Abu Qer, Alexandria, represents a bold vision for sustainable,
vibrant urban living. Through careful attention to cycling infrastructure, sustainability, and
community integration, the design aims to create a livable and self-sustaining community. By
prioritizing cycling, mixed-use spaces, and environmental resilience, the project will contribute to
a healthier, more sustainable urban future for Alexandria. The design integrates a network of
cycling and pedestrian pathways, ensuring accessibility and connectivity throughout the
neighborhood. Emphasis is placed on sustainability through green infrastructure, renewable energy
sources, and water management systems. The project also respects the cultural and historical context
of Alexandria, blending traditional and modern architectural elements to enhance the community's
identity.

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 1.2. Acknowledgment

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the journey
of completing my graduation project.

To Dr. Hany Ayad, thank you for your steadfast patience, insightful guidance, and encouragement. Your
mentorship has been invaluable. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Ibrahim Maarouf and Dr. Amira Adel for their
constructive feedback, expertise, and knowledge, which significantly contributed to shaping my work.

A special thanks to my mother, whose unwavering emotional support and belief in me have been my
greatest source of strength.

I am equally thankful to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and inspiration, which
made this journey even more meaningful.

Lastly, thank you to everyone who showed interest in my graduation project. I hope it provides valuable
insights and fulfills your expectations.

With sincere appreciation,

Aya Hassan

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 1.3. Directory

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Hani Ayad for his invaluable support and
guidance throughout the early stages of my project. He not only encouraged me to refine my ideas
but also worked alongside me to identify the most suitable location where the concept of my project
could be effectively implemented. His dedication, expertise, and willingness to invest his time and
effort have been instrumental in shaping the foundation of my work, and I am deeply appreciative of
his invaluable contribution.

Name: Hany Ayad

Position: Prof. Dr.in Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture

1.4. Methodology

This report was developed through a comprehensive process involving user interviews and library
administration reviews conducted at the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development offices
between October 30 and November 18. Additional collaborative work sessions were held from
November 20 to December 20, bringing together government consultants, Ministry representatives,
architects, users, residents, business professionals, and the project programmer. These sessions
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aimed to refine the findings from user interviews, tabulate space needs, and establish spatial
requirements and budgetary criteria.

Following these sessions, a preliminary program report was prepared, summarizing the space needs
and incorporating feedback from all stakeholders involved in the programming process. The spatial
need summaries presented in this report reflect the revisions and suggestions made during the
review process, ensuring a balanced and well-informed approach to the project.

Table Of Contents
1. Preliminaries ……………………………………………2
1.1. Transmittal………………………………………………………….3
1.2. Acknowledgment…………………………………………………..4
1.3. Directory……………………………………………………………5
1.4. Methodology………………………………………………………..6
2. Executive Summary……………………………………………8
2.1. Overview……………………………………………………………9
2.2. Primary Objectives…………………………………………....…….9
2.3. Site Overview………………………………………………………10
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 2.4. Further Impacts…………………………………………………….10
2.5. Project Budget……………………………………………………...11
3. Values and Goals………………………………………………12
3.1. Values………………………………………………………13
3.1.1. Community and Connectivity……………………………………13
3.1.2. Environmental Sustainability…………………………………….13
3.1.3. Cultural Heritage and Identity…………………………....………13
3.2. Goals ……………………………………………………….14
3.2.1. Infrastructure and Mobility………………………………………14
3.2.2. Urban Development and Sustainability…………………………..14
3.2.3. Social and Economic Prosperity………………………………….14
3.3. Issues………………………………………………………..15
4. Design Considerations (Facts)…………………………………16
4.1. Environmental Design Considerations……………………………...17
4.1.1. Site……………………………………………………………17
4.2. SWOT Analysis……………………………………………………..18
4.2.1. Strengths…………………………………………………………..18
4.2.2. Weaknesses………………………………………………………..18
4.2.3. Opportunities……………………………………………………...19
4.2.4. Threats…………………………………………………………….19
4.3. Climate………………………………………………………………20
4.4. Climatic Studies……………………………………………………..20
4.5. Characteristics……………………………………………………….26
4.6. Cultural Design Considerations……………………………………..27
4.6.1. Traditions…………………………………………………………27
4.6.2. Laws and Codes…………………………………………………..27
4.7. Human Design Considerations……………………………………...28
4.7.1. Activities………………………………………………………….28
4.7.2. Characteristics…………………………………………………….28
4.8. Discovering the Crucial Issue……………………………………….29
5. Project Requirements…………………………………………..30
5.1. Performance Requirements………………………………………….31
5.2. Design Requirements………………………………………………..31
5.3. Zone Identification and Allocation………………………………….32
5.4. Zone Program table ………..………………………………………..32
5.5. Detailed table for the five zones (Cultural, Recreational, Residential,
Commercial, and Tourist) ………….………………………………..33
6. Budget and Cost analysis………………………………………………..35
6.1. Owner’s Budget……………………………………………………..36
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 6.2. Construction Costs…………….…………………………………….36
6.3. Infrastructure and Services…………………………………………..36
6.4. Project Cost………………………………………………………….37
6.5. Life Cycle Costs……………………………………………………..37
6.6. Approximate Total Cost……………………………………………..37
7. Project Schedule………………………………………………..38
8. Design Analysis (ideas)…………………………………………40
8.1. Freiburg, Germany…………………………………………………..41
8.1.1. Overview………………………………………………………….41
8.1.2. Participatory urbanism……………………………………………41
8.1.3. Sustainability……………………………………………………..41
8.1.4. Ecological traffic concept………………………………………...42
8.1.5. Details…………………………………………………………….42
8.2. Copenhagen, Denmark……………………………………………...43
8.2.1. Overview…………………………………………………………43
8.2.2. The three focus areas for mobility in Copenhagen ………………43
8.3. Portland, Oregon, USA……………………………………………..45
8.3.1. Overview…………………………………………………………45
8.3.2. Key Features …………………………………………………….45
8.3.3. Cycling Support………………………………………………….45
8.3.4. Infrastructure Development……………………………………...46
8.4. Project Goals……………………………………………………….49
8.5. Challenges and Concerns…………………………………………..49
8.6. Design Brie…………………………………………………………50
8.7. Programmatic Concept……………………………………………..50
8.8. Design Concept…………………………………………………….51

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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2. Executive Summary
2.1. Overview
This project aims to establish a Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood in Abu Qer, Alexandria,
spanning 480 acres. The design seeks to create a sustainable urban environment that places cycling and
pedestrian movement at the forefront, reducing dependency on motorized vehicles. By integrating
residential, commercial, cultural, and recreational spaces, the project fosters a cohesive community while
addressing key environmental and social challenges. The overarching vision is to create a modern
neighborhood that balances mobility, sustainability, and inclusivity, serving as a replicable model for future
urban developments in Egypt and beyond.

2.2. Primary Objectives

The project is guided by the following objectives:
1. Promoting Sustainable Mobility:
o Develop a comprehensive cycling network that ensures safety and accessibility for all users,
including dedicated bike lanes, bike-sharing systems, and well-placed parking facilities.
o Enhance pedestrian pathways to encourage walking as a primary mode of transport,
complementing the cycling infrastructure.
o Reduce reliance on private vehicles, thereby decreasing traffic congestion and carbon
emissions.
o Incorporate connectivity to nearby urban hubs and public transportation systems to support a
multi-modal mobility framework.
2. Mixed-Use Development:
o Plan for a balanced mix of land uses, including residential units, retail outlets, cultural
centers, educational facilities, and public parks, to create a self-sustaining urban environment.
o Provide housing options for various income levels to ensure affordability and inclusivity.
o Design commercial spaces that cater to both local residents and visitors, encouraging
economic growth.
o Develop recreational spaces, such as green parks, cycling trails, and sports facilities, to
promote physical activity and social interaction.
3. Environmental Sustainability:
o Integrate green infrastructure, such as rainwater harvesting systems, permeable pavements,
and urban greening, to address water management and reduce the heat island effect.
o Utilize renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind energy, to power public
lighting and community facilities.
o Design energy-efficient buildings that minimize resource consumption while maximizing
comfort and functionality.
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 o Preserve and enhance existing natural features, such as coastal landscapes, to maintain
ecological balance.
4. Community Vitality:
o Create public spaces that encourage social interaction, cultural exchange, and community
engagement.
o Ensure the inclusion of diverse community members by providing facilities and services that
cater to varying age groups, abilities, and income levels.
o Organize cultural and recreational events to foster a sense of belonging and shared identity
among residents.
o Promote health and well-being through active transportation options, open green spaces, and
access to healthcare and educational facilities.

2.3. Site Overview

The project site is in Abu Qer, Alexandria, a historically significant coastal region with unique
environmental and cultural characteristics. Spanning 480 acres, the site’s flat terrain and proximity to the
Mediterranean Sea provide an excellent opportunity for designing a sustainable, cycling-centric
neighborhood. The area is strategically situated near major urban centers, making it an ideal location for a
development that promotes alternative mobility solutions.
The site currently faces challenges such as urban sprawl, limited infrastructure, and environmental
degradation. However, it also boasts significant potential for transformation, with opportunities to leverage
its natural assets, such as coastal views and moderate climate, to create a thriving community.

2.4. Further Impacts

The development of the Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood is expected to deliver transformative
impacts, including:
• Economic Growth:
o Generate employment opportunities through construction, retail, and tourism-related
activities.
o Attract investments by creating a unique urban model centered on sustainability and cycling.
o Boost local businesses and startups through strategically placed commercial hubs and
markets.
• Environmental Benefits:
o Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through widespread adoption of cycling and renewable
energy.
o Improve air quality by minimizing reliance on motorized vehicles.
o Enhance biodiversity through the creation of green corridors and eco-friendly landscaping.
• Social Cohesion:

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 o Strengthen community bonds by designing inclusive public spaces that foster interaction and
collaboration.
o Address the needs of vulnerable populations through affordable housing and equitable access
to amenities.
o Encourage active and healthy lifestyles through recreational facilities and active mobility
options.
• Urban Innovation:
o Set a benchmark for future urban developments in Egypt by demonstrating the feasibility and
benefits of cycling-centric neighborhoods.
o Incorporate smart technologies for traffic management, waste reduction, and energy
efficiency.
o Act as a pilot project for integrating mobility and sustainability into urban design practices.

2.5. Project Budget

The project’s estimated budget is outlined as follows:
• Low Range: 5–10 billion EGP, covering basic infrastructure and essential facilities.
• Medium Range: 10–20 billion EGP, enabling additional enhancements such as advanced cycling
infrastructure and extensive green spaces.
• High Range: 20 billion EGP and above, allowing for smart city technologies, comprehensive urban
greening, and state-of-the-art community amenities.

Owner: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development

Programmer: Aya Hassan Galal

Architect: Aya Hassan Galal

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 VALUES AND GOALS

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 3. Values and Goals
The development of the Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood in Abu Qer presents a unique
opportunity to create a sustainable, healthy, and culturally enriched urban environment. By aligning the
project with key values, goals, and community aspirations, the design aims to balance environmental
sustainability, social inclusivity, and urban livability, while celebrating the heritage and resources of Abu
Qer.

3.1. Values
The project draws from the following core values to shape a positive and impactful development:

3.1.1. Community and Connectivity

• Cycling Culture: Promoting cycling as a primary mode of transport to create a connected, active,
and healthy community.
• Social Inclusion: Ensuring that the project meets the needs of all residents, regardless of age,
income, or ability, by designing inclusive public spaces and accessible facilities.
• Sense of Belonging: Cultivating a strong sense of community through communal areas, green
spaces, and active engagement with local stakeholders.

3.1.2. Environmental Sustainability

• Eco-Friendly Infrastructure: Designing an urban environment that prioritizes green infrastructure,
including sustainable buildings, renewable energy sources, and extensive cycling paths to reduce the
area’s carbon footprint.
• Integration with Nature: Preserving natural landscapes and coastal ecosystems while incorporating
these into the neighborhood’s design to maintain biodiversity and ecological health.
• Climate Resilience: Implementing strategies for water management, flood mitigation, and climate
adaptation to ensure the neighborhood is resilient to changing environmental conditions.

3.1.3. Cultural Heritage and Identity

• Local Traditions: Respecting and celebrating the cultural heritage of Abu Qer by incorporating
local architecture, crafts, and traditions into the neighborhood's design.
• Historical Significance: Highlighting Abu Qer’s cultural and historical importance through the
preservation of key sites and the integration of cultural spaces such as museums, galleries, and
performance venues.
• Public Engagement: Encouraging community involvement through cultural programming and
public art that reflects the stories, traditions, and values of the people of Abu Qer.

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 3.2. Goals

3.2.1. Infrastructure and Mobility

• Cycling Infrastructure: Develop an extensive network of safe, connected cycling paths, bike-
sharing stations, and bike-friendly amenities to encourage cycling as the primary mode of transport.
• Public Transportation: Integrate public transport systems such as buses and light rail,
complementing the cycling network to provide a seamless, low-carbon transportation experience for
residents.
• High-Quality Public Services: Ensure access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and
sanitation by providing state-of-the-art facilities within the neighborhood.

3.2.2. Urban Development and Sustainability

• Mixed-Use Zoning: Establish a balanced and flexible mix of residential, commercial, recreational,
and cultural spaces to create a vibrant, self-sustaining community.
• Green Spaces and Eco-Design: Create ample parks, gardens, and recreational spaces, incorporating
natural elements into the urban environment to promote mental well-being and ecological health.
• Sustainable Architecture: Use green building practices, renewable energy solutions, and eco-
friendly materials in the construction of buildings and public spaces.

3.2.3. Social and Economic Prosperity

• Economic Opportunities: Stimulate local economic growth by creating spaces for small businesses,
startups, and local enterprises, while also offering employment opportunities in construction, retail,
and services.
• Affordable Housing: Ensure that the new development provides a range of affordable housing
options for low and middle-income residents, preventing displacement and fostering social
inclusivity.
• Social Well-being: Foster a sense of community through well-designed public spaces, communal
areas, and opportunities for social interaction, ensuring that residents feel connected to their
neighborhood.

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 3.3. Issues

While the project holds great potential, there are several challenges that must be carefully addressed to
ensure the success of the development:

• Risk of Gentrification: Increased property values and commercial development could lead to the
displacement of low-income residents, potentially disrupting the local social fabric.
• Cultural Preservation: There is a risk that the rapid development of modern infrastructure could
overshadow or displace traditional practices and the local identity of Abu Qer.
• Environmental Impact: The construction of new infrastructure and buildings may disrupt the
delicate natural ecosystems of the area, requiring careful planning to minimize harm.
• Social Equity: It is critical to ensure that the benefits of the project are equitably distributed,
preventing wealthier newcomers or investors from receiving the majority of the economic
advantages.

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 DESIGN CONSIDERATION

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 4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (FACTS)
4.1. Environmental Design Considerations
4.1.1. Site
The project site for the Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood is situated in Abu Qer, Alexandria, a
region with unique geographical and environmental features. The site is characterized by its
proximity to the coastline, its historical significance, and its potential for sustainable development.
• Size and Dimensions: The total area of the site spans 480 acres, providing ample space for a
mixed-use neighborhood.
• Geographical Location: Abu Qer is located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, in the
Alexandria governorate of Egypt.
• Elevation: The region has a relatively flat topography, with an average elevation of
approximately 1-3 meters above sea level, which may have implications for flooding and water
management strategies.

Figure 1 google earth shot

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 4.2. SWOT Analysis

4.2.1. Strengths:
1. Proximity to Alexandria's City Center: The site’s location near Alexandria makes it accessible to
urban amenities, commerce, and transportation, fostering connectivity.
2. Coastal Access: The site's access to the Mediterranean coastline can be utilized for recreational,
tourism, and eco-friendly transportation activities (such as water taxis).
3. Large Site Area: The 480-acre area provides ample space for developing a mixed-use neighborhood
with residential, commercial, and green spaces, promoting sustainability.
4. Potential for Green Infrastructure: The arid climate allows the use of innovative green infrastructure
solutions, such as solar-powered systems and water-efficient landscaping.
5. Cultural Significance: The local community’s connection to traditional agricultural and fishing
practices presents an opportunity for integrating cultural heritage into the design, adding uniqueness
and local pride.

4.2.2. Weaknesses:
1. Limited Infrastructure: The area may lack modern infrastructure (e.g., public transportation, sewage
systems), which could hinder development without significant investments.
2. Vulnerability to Climate Change: Due to its coastal location and low elevation, the site is susceptible
to rising sea levels, flooding, and extreme weather events, requiring robust flood management
solutions.
3. Potential Resistance from Local Communities: There may be concerns from long-standing residents
about gentrification, displacement, and loss of traditional lifestyles.
4. Dependence on Water Resources: The region’s dependence on water from the Mediterranean Sea
and the Nile may pose challenges in terms of water scarcity and sustainability.
5. Environmental Degradation: The natural environment, especially coastal areas and wetlands, could
face risks from overdevelopment, impacting biodiversity and ecosystems

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 4.2.3. Opportunities:
1. Cycling Infrastructure: The project’s focus on a cycling-based neighborhood can promote eco-
friendly transportation, reducing congestion and enhancing the quality of life.
2. Sustainable Urban Design: The site offers an opportunity to develop a model for sustainable living,
integrating renewable energy, efficient water management, and green building practices.
3. Eco-Tourism: Given its coastal location and rich biodiversity, Abu Qer could become an eco-tourism
hub, attracting visitors with nature reserves, recreational activities, and cultural heritage sites.
4. Local Agriculture Integration: Encouraging urban farming and local food production can contribute
to food security, promote sustainability, and honor traditional agricultural practices.
5. Government Support for Sustainable Development: Government initiatives supporting sustainable
and smart city projects present a strong opportunity for obtaining funding and policy backing for the
development.

4.2.4. Threats:

1. Risk of Gentrification: As the area develops, rising property values could lead to the displacement of
long-term residents, undermining community cohesion.
2. Environmental Impact: Large-scale development could lead to habitat loss, pollution, and damage to
the coastal ecosystem, potentially disrupting local biodiversity.
3. Economic Instability: Fluctuations in the national or global economy could hinder investments in
infrastructure or delay project timelines.
4. Inadequate Planning for Climate Change: Without comprehensive climate adaptation strategies, such
as flood defenses and heat mitigation, the development could suffer from extreme weather impacts.
5. Conflicts with Local Interests: The lack of proper community consultation or involvement in the
planning process might create resistance, leading to conflicts and challenges in achieving long-term
sustainability.

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 4.3. Climate

The climate of the Abu Qer area plays a critical role in shaping the design decisions for the
development. The region experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers
and mild, wet winters.

• Summer: High temperatures often exceed 30°C (86°F), with minimal rainfall, making the
inclusion of shaded areas, green spaces, and cooling strategies a priority in the design.
• Winter: Cooler temperatures between 10°C-18°C (50°F-64°F) and an increase in rainfall
necessitate proper drainage and flood management.
• Annual Rainfall: The area receives limited rainfall, about 100-200 mm annually, which
influences water usage, irrigation systems, and sustainable practices in the development.

4.4. Climatic Studies

To further understand the local climate, a series of climatic studies were conducted to gauge the effects of
wind, humidity, and temperature variations. This analysis informs decisions related to the orientation of
buildings, energy-efficient designs, and green spaces.
• Wind: Prevailing winds can be harnessed for natural ventilation, reducing the need for air
conditioning.
• Temperature and Humidity: Creating comfortable public spaces during hot months requires careful
material selection and shading.

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Figure 2 temperature range chart from climat consultant program

Figure 3 Radiation chart from climate consultant program

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Figure 4 sky cover range chart from climate consultant program

Figure 5 sun chart from climate consultant program

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Figure 6 sun shading chart from climate consultant program

Figure 7 wind range velocity

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Figure 8 diurnal average chart from climate consultant program

Figure 9 diurnal average chart from climate consultant program

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Figure 10 Psychrometric chart from climate consultant program

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 4.5. Characteristics

The site in Abu Qer boasts several important environmental and ecological characteristics:

• Biodiversity: The area is home to several species of birds, marine life, and coastal flora.
Protection of these species is vital in ensuring a balanced ecosystem.
• Coastal Vegetation: The presence of sand dunes, salt-tolerant plants, and mangroves makes
the area ecologically significant. The design should incorporate landscaping that reflects the
local ecosystem.
• Agriculture: Abu Qer has a long history of farming, which can be incorporated into the
development by promoting urban agriculture and local food production.
• Climate Change: Due to its coastal location, the area is vulnerable to rising sea levels, which
will be considered in flood risk management and building design.

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 4.6. Cultural Design Considerations

4.6.1. Traditions

The cultural heritage of Abu Qer plays an essential role in shaping the neighborhood's design.
Understanding the traditions and values of local communities is crucial to ensure a culturally
sensitive approach:

• Local Community: The people of Abu Qer have a deep connection to their land and water.
Their agricultural and fishing traditions are central to their identity and must be respected
within the design.
• Hospitality and Family Values: Residents value close-knit family networks and community
gatherings, suggesting that shared spaces should be a focal point of the development.
• Respect for Elders: Designating quiet spaces for elders and promoting intergenerational
living will enhance the social fabric of the community.

4.6.2. Laws and Codes

In order to respect local cultural norms and values, the development must be guided by certain laws
and codes:

• Respect for Nature: The community has a long-standing respect for natural resources,
including water and agriculture. Sustainable building practices that protect the
environment will align with local values.
• Community Participation: Involving residents in the design process ensures that the new
development reflects their needs and values, minimizing potential resistance.
• Local Traditions and Lifestyles: The project should be sensitive to local architectural styles
and traditions. Incorporating traditional elements like courtyards and local materials such as
brick and stone will align the design with the community’s cultural identity (Taylor, 2021).
• Regulatory Codes and Zoning: Adherence to Alexandria’s zoning laws and building codes
is essential. The mixed-use nature of the project must comply with regulations to ensure that
residential, commercial, and recreational areas coexist effectively (Williams, 2019).
• Community Engagement: Engaging with the local community during the design process
through meetings or surveys will ensure that the neighborhood meets the cultural and
practical needs of the people who will live there (Martin, 2022).

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 4.7. Human Design Considerations

4.7.1. Activities
Understanding the daily activities of the residents is crucial for designing a space that supports their
lifestyles:

• Cycling: As the project emphasizes cycling, the design will integrate cycling lanes, bike-sharing
systems, and secure parking to encourage daily use.
• Agriculture: Urban farming spaces can support local food production and align with traditional
agricultural activities.
• Commerce and Tourism: The mixed-use development will incorporate commercial areas, markets,
and tourism-related services to promote local entrepreneurship.

4.7.2. Characteristics
The residents of Abu Qer are known for their resilience, industriousness, and strong community ties:
• Community Spirit: Creating public spaces that foster social interaction, and collaboration will
reinforce community bonds.
• Industriousness: Workspaces, workshops, and shared production areas can allow for small-scale
industries and innovation.
• Pride in Heritage: Respect for the island’s rich cultural history should be reflected in architectural
design and public art installations.

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 4.8. Discovering the Crucial Issue

The most significant challenge lies in balancing the development with the preservation of local culture, the
environment, and the needs of the community:

• Gentrification: Residents are concerned about displacement as property values rise with
development.
• Environmental Concerns: Ensuring sustainable growth while preserving the delicate coastal
ecosystem is a crucial issue.
• Community Involvement: Transparent planning processes that involve residents at every stage will
reduce conflicts and ensure the project's success.

The development must carefully navigate these challenges to create a balanced and harmonious space that
respects the values, traditions, and ecological significance of Abu Qer.

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 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

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 5. PROJECT REQUIREMENTS (NEEDS)
Developing the Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood in Abu Qir involves a multifaceted approach,
aiming to address both opportunities and challenges to create a sustainable and vibrant community. The
following requirements are key to the success of the project:

5.1. Performance Requirements:

1. Enhance Residents' Quality of Life: Focus on improving the living standards of at least 80% of
residents, addressing basic human needs such as shelter, healthcare, and education.
2. Promote Sustainability: Incorporate green technologies such as renewable energy (solar panels),
water-efficient systems, and eco-friendly urban planning to reduce environmental impact and ensure
long-term viability.
3. Cultural Preservation & Community Development: Create a thriving, inclusive community that
respects and preserves local culture, traditions, and values while fostering integration.
4. Attract Global Tourism: Position the community as a top-tier international tourist destination by
developing unique and appealing attractions that draw tourists worldwide.
5. Create Economic Opportunities: Provide ample opportunities for residents to engage in economic
activities, ensuring long-term self-sufficiency through businesses, sustainable agriculture, and
tourism.

5.2. Design Requirements:

1. Housing and Infrastructure Development: Provide residents with improved housing options,
access to education, healthcare, and transportation, dedicating at least 25% of the land to residential
development.
2. Sustainable Construction Practices: Use environmentally friendly materials, construction methods,
and renewable energy solutions, including solar panels, to ensure minimal environmental impact
during construction and operation.
3. Cultural Hub Creation: Allocate at least 30% of the land to cultural spaces that will serve as
community gathering points, including galleries, museums, and event venues, ensuring that the
design is inclusive and accessible to all.
4. Tourism and Recreation: Dedicate 25% of the land to creating tourist attraction zones, including
nature-centric resorts, eco-friendly villages, and recreational parks, capitalizing on the area's natural
beauty.
5. Public Engagement: Ensure ongoing collaboration with the local community, the government,
urban planners, and environmental experts to align development goals with public interest and
sustainability.

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 5.3. Zone Identification and Allocation:

Given the large scale of the development, the land will be divided into different functional zones. The key
zones are:
• Cultural Zone (focus of the action area)
• Recreational/Entertainment Zone
• Residential Zone
• Commercial/Business Zone
• Tourist Attractions Zone

5.4. Zone Program table

Zone Purpose Facilities Design Focus
Cultural Zone To preserve and Museums, cultural Accessibility,
promote local centers, inclusivity,
culture through performance cultural
cultural theaters, art sensitivity,
institutions, galleries, integration with
events, and community halls, local heritage.
community public squares.
activities.
Recreational/Entertainment To provide spaces Sports arenas, Public enjoyment,
Zone for leisure open-air theaters, health, community
activities, recreational interaction,
including parks, parks, food courts, inclusive spaces
playgrounds, leisure clubs. for all ages.
sports facilities,
and entertainment
venues.
Residential Zone To provide diverse Residential High-quality,
housing options to buildings, parks, sustainable
meet the needs of schools, healthcare housing, energy-
the community, centers, small local efficient solutions,
ensuring businesses. blending modern
affordability and and traditional
comfort. architectural
styles.
Commercial/Business Zone To provide spaces Retail stores, Mixed-use
for business, offices, development that
retail, and restaurants, and fosters local
commercial small businesses. commerce and
activities to supports
stimulate the local community needs.
economy.
Tourist Attractions Zone To create tourist Nature-centric Sustainable
attractions that resorts, eco- tourism, eco-
capitalize on the friendly villages, friendly
natural beauty recreational infrastructure,
and cultural parks, cultural and attractions
centers.
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 richness of the that promote
area. cultural heritage.

5.5. Detailed table for the five zones (Cultural, Recreational,

Residential, Commercial, and Tourist)

Percentage
Zone Design Focus Area (acres)
(%)
Integration with local heritage, accessibility,
Cultural Zone 144 30%
and promoting community engagement.
Inclusivity, flexibility for various events, and
Community Spaces 48 10%
respect for local traditions.
Acoustic optimization, versatility in staging,
Performing Arts and creating an atmosphere for cultural 24 5%
expression.
Environmental conditions that protect
Cultural
cultural artifacts and emphasize local 24 5%
Preservation
traditions.
Educational & User-friendly, engaging, and educational
24 5%
Interactive design for all age groups and accessibility.
Public enjoyment, health, community
Recreational Zone 120 25%
interaction, inclusive spaces for all ages.
Recreational Design that encourages physical activity and
60 12.5%
Facilities mental wellness.
Entertainment Design that integrates leisure, comfort, and
60 12.5%
Venues family-friendly spaces.
High-quality, energy-efficient, and accessible
Residential Zone housing with a balance of modern and 120 25%
traditional styles.
Energy-efficient designs, access to public
Housing services, and integration with the 72 15%
environment.
Walkability, accessibility, and connectivity
Public Services 48 10%
to other zones.
Mixed-use development promoting local
Commercial Zone commerce, integrated with community 60 12.5%
spaces.
Flexible, collaborative, and technology-
Business Hubs 24 5%
driven designs.
Creating vibrant shopping and dining
Retail & Dining spaces, with an emphasis on local cuisine 24 5%
and products.
Eco-tourism, sustainable infrastructure, and
Tourist Zone 120 25%
promoting cultural heritage.

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 Percentage
Zone Design Focus Area (acres)
(%)
Nature-based Sustainable, low-impact tourism with
60 12.5%
Tourism emphasis on conservation and nature.
Authentic, immersive experiences that
Cultural Tourism 60 12.5%
connect visitors with local traditions.

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BUDGET & COST ANALYSIS

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6. BUDGET AND COST ANALYSIS
Developing the Cycling-Based Mixed-Use Neighborhood in Abu Qer, Alexandria is a significant urban
development project with a comprehensive budget and diverse cost considerations. The final cost estimation
is influenced by several factors, including market fluctuations, regulatory requirements, and the project's
scope. Below is a breakdown of key components and the budgetary considerations for the project.

6.1. Owner’s Budget:

The owner, which may involve governmental bodies such as the Ministry of Housing or the local
municipality, will allocate a set budget for the initial costs and further project stages. Approximate suggested
budgets based on other similar projects in Egypt:
• Initial cost for residential sector: 400 million EGP (estimated for basic residential development).
• Overall residential development: 3.5 billion EGP (this includes infrastructure, residential units, and
utilities).
• Green spaces and public areas: 600 million EGP (for parks, cycling lanes, pedestrian paths).
• Transportation and cycling infrastructure: 1.5 billion EGP (for roads, cycle lanes, bike-sharing
stations, and bridges).
• Streets and Infrastructure: 500 million EGP (for streets, roads, utilities, and services).
The owner’s budget may vary depending on funding availability and the evolving priorities of the
stakeholders involved.

6.2. Construction Costs:

Construction costs depend heavily on the quality of materials and design specifications. Given the nature of
this project, construction will involve a mix of residential buildings, green spaces, recreational areas, and
infrastructure. The cost will be subject to the following:
• Residential Construction: Varies based on the materials, construction quality, and housing design
(e.g., apartments, mixed-use buildings, and townhouses).
• Sustainable and Green Technologies: Incorporation of energy-efficient features (e.g., solar panels,
water management systems) will increase costs but contribute to long-term savings.
• Cycling Infrastructure: The construction of cycling lanes, bike-sharing stations, and other
infrastructure will need to be accounted for separately and may require specialized suppliers and
contractors.
Market variability (e.g., cost of construction materials, labor, and global supply chain issues) can cause
fluctuations in pricing over time.

6.3. Infrastructure and Services:

• Water and Sanitation: Modernizing water supply and sewage systems, along with ensuring
efficient waste disposal and recycling systems, will cost millions of EGP depending on the chosen
technologies.
• Electricity and Energy: Incorporating sustainable energy solutions, such as solar power, may
increase initial infrastructure costs but provide savings over time through reduced energy
consumption.
• Cycling Infrastructure and Roads: Construction of new bike paths, lanes, intersections, and
connections to existing urban areas may require significant investment.
• Transportation: Development of transport connections (bus routes, roadways for cars, bike lanes)
will involve substantial investments.
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 • Healthcare and Education: Depending on the scale of the neighborhood, providing healthcare
centers, schools, and community spaces will require additional budgeting.

6.4. Project Cost:

The overall project cost will include various fees and services required for project completion:
• Architectural Programming: Includes initial design, planning, and detailed architectural services
for the residential and public areas.
• Financial Feasibility Studies: These are important for assessing the economic sustainability of the
development, cost-effectiveness of materials, and the project's financial viability.
• Engineering Services: Covers the structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing work needed
throughout the development.
• Governmental Approval Fees: Legal and regulatory approvals, permits, and environmental
assessments.
• Site Survey and Soil Testing: Costs for geotechnical surveys, environmental impact assessments,
and land assessments.
• Landscape Design and Open Spaces: Cost of designing and creating green spaces, public squares,
and recreational parks.

6.5. Life Cycle Costs:

Ongoing costs required for the sustainability of the development include:
• Green Spaces and Maintenance: Ongoing costs for maintaining parks, cycling lanes, and natural
areas.
• Street and Infrastructure Maintenance: Roads, utilities, and common areas require periodic
maintenance.
• Building and Facility Maintenance: Regular upkeep of residential buildings, community centers,
and commercial areas.
• Energy Efficiency Maintenance: Ensuring that sustainable technologies (solar panels, water-
efficient systems) are maintained properly.
• Mechanical and Electrical System Upkeep: Regular service and repair of essential utilities like
electricity and water systems.

6.6. Approximate Total Cost:

• Low Estimate (10 - 20 billion EGP): This budget assumes a moderate development plan with basic
infrastructure improvements, a limited number of green spaces, and minimal upgrades to existing
infrastructure.
• Medium Estimate (20 - 50 billion EGP): This budget assumes a more comprehensive development
plan, including major improvements to public spaces, better cycling infrastructure, energy-efficient
technologies, and new educational and healthcare facilities.
• High Estimate (50 billion EGP and above): This budget assumes a large-scale, ambitious
development with extensive infrastructure overhaul, high-end residential developments, eco-friendly
initiatives, and significant public and private sector involvement.

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 Project Schedule

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 7. PROJECT SCHEDULE

Date Task
16 October 3 examples for project idea

23 October Final chosen project and its program (component)

6 November Objectives, problem definition, and case study

12 November Aspect achieved

4 December Master plan analysis, zoning

18 December Master plan networking and urban blocks

24 December Sections and elevation

30 December Starting in making diagrams and presentation board

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 DESIGN ANALYSIS

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 8. DESIGN ANALYSIS (Ideas)

8.1. Freiburg, Germany

8.1.1. Overview
Freiburg is often hailed as one of the most cycling-friendly cities in the world. The city’s infrastructure
prioritizes cyclists with an extensive network of bike lanes and cycling paths that integrate seamlessly into
the urban environment.
• Key Features:
o Dedicated Cycling Infrastructure: A well-organized network of bike lanes and paths
ensures cyclists can move through the city safely and efficiently.
o Bike Parking: Multiple bike racks and secure bike parking facilities are available throughout
the city, especially in central areas.
o Sustainable Design: The city is known for its commitment to sustainability, with eco-
friendly transportation options, including shared bike schemes and a focus on reducing car
use.
• Cycling Integration: Cycling is fully integrated into the daily life of the community, from
commuting to leisure activities. The city also promotes cycling in its educational systems,
encouraging students to bike to school.

8.1.2. Participatory urbanism

• The "Learning while Planning" principle
• The site was divided into small plots and allocated to private builders and Bau Gruppen (co-
housing groups).
• About 40 co-housing groups were established alongside building cooperatives and the self-
organized S.U.S.I.-settlement initiative. These initiatives enabled holistic public participation.
• Participatory planning during the building stage was a great success. Legal, political, social, and
economic participants were integrated from a small grassroots level up to the city administration.
• Concrete objectives were achieved or exceeded.
• While the development plan included some design and layout regulations, builders were given the
freedom to design homes to meet their own aspirations

8.1.3. Sustainability
• All houses were built with improved low energy standard, 65 kWh/m2a similar to the Swiss
SIA380/1 standard.
• Around 150 houses “passive house" (15 kWh/m2a) or "plus energy house" standard, producing
more energy than they use.
• A highly efficient co-generation plant (CHP) operating with woodchips is connected to the
district's heating grid.
• Good insulation and efficient heat supply creates CO²-savings of 60%.
• Many solar collectors and photovoltaic modules were installed.
• Around 65% of the electricity needed in Vauban is produced on-site through CHP and
photovoltaic.
• Rainwater is collected separately for in-house use or filtrated into the ground.
• A new sanitary concept using vacuum toilets and biogas plants was introduced by one co-building
group.

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 8.1.4. Ecological traffic concept
• Reduced number of private cars, good public transportation, and a car-sharing system.
• Streets and other public spaces became playgrounds for children or other public uses.
• Parking Spaces/Residence: <0.5
• Cars: 160 per 1,000 residents
• NMT Mode Share: 64%
• Transit Mode Share: 19%
• Households with Carsharing Membership: 39%
• Distance from City Center: 3 km

8.1.5. Details:
• Developers: Multiple, mainly small building cooperatives
• Construction Began: 1998, Year Completed: 2010
• Distance from City Center: 3 km
• Landscape Verges and setbacks__ 5m
• Road Widths and shared use__ 6m
• Building offsets from other buildings__ 17m increasing to 50m
• Enclosed Communal Courtyard typically 1,200m²
• Path widths and access routes__ 3m

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 8.2. Copenhagen, Denmark

8.2.1. Overview
In Copenhagen they are determined to optimize our roads, cycle tracks, traffic lights, and public
transport, so citizens and visitors can move around in the city easily and sustainably.
Copenhagen has a goal, that 75 % of all trips in the city should be on foot, on a bike, and with public
transport. They have three focus areas for reaching that goal: Fewer using cars, better metro and
better traffic management.

8.2.2. The three focus areas for mobility in Copenhagen

More people to bike, take a train, or walk – fewer cars
There is a general goal in the municipal plan of Copenhagen, that at least 75% of all trips to, in and
from Copenhagen should be done on foot, by bike or public transport. The Municipal plan also
stipulates a goal of maximum 25% car trips.

In these years, the number of road users grows, because Copenhagen gets more and more citizens,
commuters and visitors. To reach the goal of the municipal plan, this rising traffic should be
dominated by cycling, walking, and public transport. This is why we work on creating an even more
coherent city with efficient and green means of transport.

When moving transport from cars to cycling, walking and public transport, there will be more space
on the roads for businesses and citizens, that actually need a car to make the daily life function.

The efforts are already bearing fruit, for even though the number of new Copenhageners and new
cars have risen, the car traffic has not. Copenhagen is therefore on its way towards the goal, and we
continue to develop public transport and an attractive cycling network to keep up with demographic
changes.

More metro
In 2019, a new line of metro called M3 City Ring opened. This expansion
means that more than 100 000 new passengers daily use public transport in
Copenhagen.
Bus, train, and metro are adjusted to each other to make it easy to combine
them.
We also continue our efforts to make it easy to combine bicycle and public
transport, for example by offering City Bikes, bicycle parking at the
stations, and possibilities to take the bicycle with you to metro, train, and
bus.

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 Getting around in traffic more easily
Good accessibility is both about making the traffic flow optimally, and about adjusting road user’s
expectations about how easily and quickly they can move around. That’s why we work with traffic
management in a targeted manner and have adopted service goals about how fast cyclists,
pedestrians, buses, and cars should get to their destinations. This makes it clearer, which road users
are prioritized on which stretches.
A growing city has many construction projects going on. Therefore, we are also focused on
coordinating the constructions that affect the road network, so that accessibility for cyclists, busses,
and cars remains as good as possible

Figure 11master plan of Copenhagen by freja ejondomme

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 8.3. Portland, Oregon, USA
8.3.1. Overview
The Portland Plan is implemented with three integrated strategies Portland is known for being one of
the most bike-friendly cities in the United States, with a strong focus on creating a cycling
infrastructure that promotes a car-free lifestyle.
, which provide a foundation for
alignment, collective action and shared success:

• Thriving educated youth

• Economic prosperity and affordability
• Healthy connected city

Each strategy includes an overall goal, guiding long-term policies and a five-year action plan (2012.
The guiding policies help the City of Portland, and its partners make critical, long-term investments
and budget decisions.

Since the Portland Plan’s adoption, the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability and its many partner
agencies and organizations have been implementing the 142 actions laid out in the plan. The 2017
Progress Report shows how these actions are moving forward and highlights new opportunities and
heightened priorities to advance the City’s goals.

8.3.2. Key Features:

o Comprehensive Cycling Network: Portland has an extensive network of bike lanes, bike
boulevards, and greenways that allow cyclists to navigate the city safely and comfortably.
o Bike-Friendly Design: The city has implemented bike infrastructure in both residential and
commercial areas, ensuring that cycling is accessible across various neighborhoods.
o Cycling Events: Portland hosts regular cycling events and festivals, including a popular
"Sunday Parkways" event where streets are closed to cars, and cyclists take over the roads.

8.3.3. Cycling Support:

Portland’s government has continuously supported cycling initiatives, such as bike-sharing
programs and incentives for cycling commuters. The city also invests in bike safety programs
and public education to encourage cycling as a safe and healthy mode of transport.

Portland, Oregon, is internationally recognized as a leader in cycling urban planning in the United States.
The city's focus on sustainability, multimodal transportation, and community engagement has created an
urban environment where cycling thrives. Below are key aspects of Portland's cycling urban planning:

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 8.3.4. Infrastructure Development
Portland's cycling infrastructure is designed to prioritize safety, accessibility, and integration with
other transportation systems
8.3.4.1.Bike Lanes and Paths
• Over 385 miles of bikeways include dedicated bike lanes, shared bike paths, and bike boulevards
(low-traffic streets optimized for cyclists).
• Greenways: A network of 110 miles of low-speed streets prioritizes pedestrians and cyclists by
using traffic calming measures like speed bumps, diverters, and enhanced crossings.
• Separated Bike Lanes: Protected bike lanes with barriers such as planters, curbs, or bollards
separate cyclists from motor vehicles.
8.3.4.2.Bridges and Crossings
• Portland has developed bike-friendly bridges, like the Tilikum Crossing, a car-free bridge dedicated
to cyclists, pedestrians, and public transit.
• Bike Priority at Intersections: Signal timing and bike boxes at intersections give cyclists priority to
cross ahead of vehicles.

8.3.4.3.Integration with Public Transit

Portland’s public transit system is designed to accommodate and complement cycling:
• Bike Parking at Transit Hubs: Secure bike parking facilities, including covered and locked bike
cages, are available at MAX light rail and bus stops.
• Bike and Ride: Cyclists can bring bikes aboard light rail trains, buses, and streetcars, encouraging
intermodal transportation.
• Shared Use Paths: Routes like the Springwater Corridor integrate cycling with walking and access
to public transport.

8.3.4.4.Policy and Planning Framework

Portland’s cycling success is rooted in strong policies and planning initiatives:
• Bicycle Master Plan 2030: A roadmap for increasing cycling trips to 25% of all citywide trips by
2030, focusing on safety, equity, and connectivity.
• Vision Zero: Portland’s commitment to eliminate all traffic fatalities and serious injuries includes a
strong focus on improving bike safety.
• Zoning and Development: Developers are encouraged or required to include bike parking and
cycling-friendly amenities in new projects.
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 8.3.4.5.Community Engagement and Programs

The city actively engages residents to foster a cycling culture:

• Sunday Parkways: Streets are closed to cars on designated Sundays, creating car-free spaces for
cycling, walking, and community events.
• Bike Education Programs: Portland offers cycling education for schoolchildren and adults,
focusing on safety and confidence-building.
• Advocacy and Partnerships: Nonprofits like the Bicycle Transportation Alliance (now The Street
Trust) work with the city to advocate for cycling improvements.

8.3.4.6.Sustainability and Environmental Goals

Portland sees cycling as integral to its sustainability objectives:
• Climate Action Plan: Increasing cycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions by shifting trips away
from cars.
• Green Infrastructure: Many bike lanes feature permeable surfaces and stormwater management
systems, reducing environmental impact.
• Healthy Lifestyles: Promoting cycling aligns with Portland's public health goals by encouraging
active transportation.

8.3.4.7.Economic and Social Impacts

Portland’s cycling investments have had positive economic and social outcomes:
• Bike Tourism: Portland is a destination for cycling enthusiasts, generating revenue from tourism-
related activities.
• Job Creation: The cycling industry, including bike shops, repair services, and bike-friendly
businesses, contributes to the local economy.
• Equity Initiatives: Efforts are underway to expand cycling infrastructure into underserved
neighborhoods, ensuring equitable access to bike-friendly facilities.

8.3.4.8.Notable Cycling Initiatives in Portland

• Bike Town: A public bike-sharing program offering electric and pedal-powered bikes, with flexible
pricing to encourage ridership.
• Cycling Events: Events like Pedalpalooza celebrate cycling culture and foster community
engagement.
• Wayfinding: Portland’s streets feature clear, cyclist-oriented signage to navigate routes easily.
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Figure 12 Portland land use map from Portland gov

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 8.4. Project Goals
1. Enhance Mobility and Accessibility:
Design a cycling-based urban layout that prioritizes non-motorized transportation, promoting
sustainable and active mobility.
2. Foster Community Interaction:
Develop mixed-use spaces that integrate residential, commercial, and recreational zones,
encouraging community engagement and social inclusion.
3. Sustainable Urban Development:
Implement eco-friendly principles, including green architecture, renewable energy solutions, and
effective waste management systems, to ensure long-term environmental sustainability.
4. Economic Revitalization:
Attract businesses, tourism, and cultural activities to stimulate local economic growth and create job
opportunities for residents.
5. Preserve and Celebrate Local Identity:
Respect and integrate the cultural and historical significance of Abu Qir, reflecting its heritage in
modern urban design.

8.5. Challenges and Concerns

1. Infrastructure Overhaul:
Upgrading outdated infrastructure, including roads, utilities, and public facilities, to support the
proposed cycling and mixed-use framework.
2. Community Resistance:
Addressing concerns from existing residents regarding changes to the urban fabric and potential
displacement.
3. Balancing Modernization and Heritage:
Ensuring new developments complement the historical and cultural essence of Abu Qir without
overshadowing its legacy.
4. Environmental Impact:
Mitigating potential negative effects of construction on Abu Qir’s coastal ecosystem and marine
biodiversity.

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 8.6. Design Brief
The project envisions transforming Abu Qir into a model cycling-based mixed-use neighborhood,
emphasizing sustainable and community-centered urban development. The design will:
• Allocate distinct zones for residential, commercial, and recreational purposes.
• Feature dedicated cycling lanes and pedestrian-friendly streets to reduce car dependency.
• Include public plazas, green spaces, and waterfront promenades for community engagement and
leisure.
• Draw inspiration from Alexandria’s Mediterranean architectural heritage, integrating it with modern,
sustainable design elements.
• Develop multi-modal transportation nodes, connecting cycling paths with public transit systems to
enhance regional accessibility.

8.7. Programmatic Concept

The programmatic concept for Abu Qir emphasizes creating an integrated, sustainable, and inclusive
community that promotes cycling and active living.
8.3.1. Key Programmatic Elements
1. Cycling Infrastructure: Dedicated cycling lanes, bike-sharing systems, and repair stations.
2. Mixed-Use Development: Residential, commercial, and cultural facilities integrated into a cohesive
urban environment.
3. Public Spaces: Parks, community gardens, waterfront areas, and plazas designed for relaxation and
interaction.
4. Eco-Friendly Systems: Solar-powered lighting, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting systems.
5. Cultural and Educational Spaces: Museums, cultural centers, and libraries to celebrate Abu Qir’s
heritage and foster knowledge.

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 8.8. Design Concept

8.8.1. key Design Elements

1. Comprehensive Cycling Infrastructure:

o Dedicated Cycling Lanes: Create a well-connected network of safe and segregated cycling
paths that link residential areas, commercial zones, public spaces, and educational
institutions.
o Cycling Superhighways: Design high-capacity bike routes for fast and efficient commuting
between major nodes within the neighborhood.
o Traffic-Calming Measures: Implement cycling-priority streets with reduced vehicle speed
limits, bike-friendly roundabouts, and shared spaces to enhance safety.

2. Integrated Cycling Facilities:

o Bike Sharing Systems: Install docking stations strategically across the neighborhood,
enabling residents and visitors to easily rent and return bicycles.
o Cycle Hubs: Design multi-functional hubs offering bike repair services, storage facilities,
and rental options.
o Bike Parking: Provide ample, secure parking spaces near residential buildings, commercial
areas, and transit hubs to encourage cycling adoption.

3. Cycling-Promoting Urban Design:

o Cycling-Friendly Residential Zones: Develop housing clusters with direct access to cycling
paths, minimizing car dependency.
o Proximity Planning: Ensure all essential amenities (markets, schools, healthcare centers, and
recreational areas) are within a 5–10-minute cycling radius.
o Active Frontages: Encourage commercial and recreational zones to have entrances facing
cycling paths to make them more accessible to cyclists.

4. Recreational Cycling Opportunities:

o Scenic Cycling Trails: Design routes along Abu Qir’s coastline and through green spaces to
provide both functional and leisure cycling opportunities.
o Cycling Parks: Create dedicated parks with bike tracks, BMX zones, and beginner-friendly
paths for cycling enthusiasts of all ages.
o Event Spaces: Design plazas and parks that can host cycling events, races, and community
rides, fostering a cycling culture.

5. Cycling and Public Transit Integration:

o Multi-Modal Connectivity: Connect cycling lanes to public transport nodes (e.g., bus stops
and ferry terminals) to create seamless transitions for longer commutes.

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 o Park-and-Ride Facilities: Introduce stations where cyclists can securely park their bikes and
transfer to public transport systems.

6. Eco-Friendly and Inclusive Design:

o Universal Accessibility: Ensure cycling paths and facilities are accessible to all, including
children, the elderly, and differently abled individuals using adaptive bicycles.
o Green Infrastructure: Shade cycling lanes with tree canopies and solar-panel structures to
enhance comfort and sustainability.
o Permeable Pavements: Use eco-friendly materials for cycling paths to manage stormwater
and reduce heat islands.

7. Community Engagement through Cycling:

o Cycling Schools and Workshops: Establish training centers and workshops to teach safe
cycling practices and basic bike maintenance.
o Cycling-Themed Landmarks: Incorporate bike-inspired public art, sculptures, and
interactive installations to celebrate cycling culture.
o Cycling Cafés and Social Hubs: Develop spaces where cyclists can rest, socialize, and
recharge, reinforcing community bonds.

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 9. References

• Government reports and policy documents provided by Alexandria Municipality.

• Alexandria Municipality. (2020). Urban Development Plans for Alexandria.
• Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island Press.
• Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
• Online databases and reputable websites.
• World Health Organization. (2022). Health Benefits of Active Transportation. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int.
• Primary data collected from surveys and interviews with Abu Qir residents.
• Harris, S. (2021). Urban site analysis and sustainable development. Architectural Press.
• Jones, A. (2022). Transportation planning for sustainable communities. City Publishing.
• Liu, R., & Thompson, C. (2023). Greening urban spaces: A guide to integrating nature in cities.
Greentech Publishers.
• Martin, P. (2022). Socio-economic dynamics in urban developments. Urban Studies Journal, 15(2),
45-60.
• Smith, T., & Johnson, M. (2020). Climate-responsive urban design. Sustainable Architecture, 23(4),
23-34.
• Taylor, D. (2021). Understanding zoning and land use in Alexandria. Alexandria Urban Studies,
8(1), 17-32.
• Williams, K. (2019). Infrastructure for sustainable urban environments. Urban Infrastructure Review,
6(3), 50-63.
• National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), Urban Bikeway Design Guide, 2nd
Edition, 2014.
• World Resources Institute (WRI), Cities Safer by Design: Guidance and Examples to Promote
Traffic Safety Through Urban and Street Design, 2015.
• Gehl, Jan, Cities for People, Island Press, 2010.
• Copenhagen: The City of Cyclists – Copenhagenize Index Reports, www.copenhagenize.eu
• Amsterdam’s Cycling Network, Cycling Amsterdam: Policies, Culture, and Practices, Amsterdam
Municipality Reports, 2020.
• Bogotá Ciclovía: An Innovative Model for Urban Mobility, ITDP Reports, 2018.
• United Nations, New Urban Agenda, Habitat III, 2016.
• Farr, Douglas, Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature, Wiley, 2007.
• Beatley, Timothy, Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities, Island Press, 2000.
• PeopleForBikes, The Economic Benefits of Bicycle Infrastructure Investments, 2012.
• International Cycling Union (UCI), Cycling for All: Creating Liveable Cities, 2019.
• Alexandria Urban Community Reports, Development Strategies for Coastal Cities in Egypt,
Egyptian Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, 2022.
• Abu Qir Historical Studies, The Transformation of Abu Qir: Heritage and Urban Development,
Bibliotheca Alexandrina Publications, 2020.
• Journal of Transport and Land Use – Articles on cycling integration in urban areas.
• Urban Studies – Studies on the impact of active transport on urban neighborhoods.
• Environment and Urbanization – Research on sustainable urban mobility practices.
• International Association of Public Transport (UITP): www.uitp.org
• Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP): www.itdp.org
• Cycling Cities: www.cyclingcities.info

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