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Identifying Nutrients Answer Key

Vocabulary: carbohydrate, disaccharide, lipid, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, protein, starch

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

[Note: The purpose of these questions is to activate prior knowledge and get students thinking.
Students are not expected to know the answers to the Prior Knowledge Questions.]

1. What are the major types of nutrients you can get from food?

Answers will vary. [Major nutrients include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and
minerals.]

2. How are these nutrients used by your body?

Answers will vary. [Proteins are used to build body structures such as muscle. Fats are used
for cells, insulation, and energy. Carbohydrates are used for energy. Vitamins and minerals
have a variety of functions.]

Gizmo Warm-up
Have you ever wondered what is in your food? Scientists
use a variety of tests to determine the nutritional content of
food. You will learn four of those tests with the Identifying
Nutrients Gizmo.

1. Below the Food samples label, drag tube A into the

Food sample holder. Below the Benedict test, click
the Test button. What is done in the Benedict test?

The food sample and Benedict solution are added to a

test tube. The tube is heated in a water bath for five
minutes.

2. The Benedict test is a test for monosaccharides; simple sugars like glucose or fructose
(fruit sugar). In contact with monosaccharides, the Benedict solution turns from blue to
green to orange.

Does Sample A contain monosaccharides? Yes

Note: Disaccharides such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) are more
complex than monosaccharides. The Benedict test does not detect disaccharides directly.

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Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:

Identifying  Click Reset.
nutrients  Drag Sample A into the Food sample holder.

Introduction: Most food is composed of three types of molecules: carbohydrates, proteins,

and lipids.
 Carbohydrates such as starches and sugars are major source of energy. Simple sugars
are found in sweets and fruits. Starches are found in potatoes, cereal, pasta, flour, and
other plant products.
 Proteins are used in body structures such as muscles, skin, and hair. Rich sources of
proteins include meats, dairy products, and beans.
 Lipids (fats and oils) are used for energy, insulation, and as an essential building block of
cells. Meats, dairy products, and oily plants such as olives are rich in lipids.

Question: How do you test for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

1. Test: Under the Benedict test, click Test. Does sample A contain monosaccharides? Yes
(Recall that an orange color is a positive test for monosaccharides.)

2. Test: The Lugol test uses iodine to test for starch, a polysaccharide (complex sugar).
Iodine turns dark purple in the presence of starch.

Under Lugol test, click Test. Does sample A contain starch? No

3. Test: The Biuret test uses a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and copper sulfate
(CuSO4) to test for protein. The Biuret solution turns purple when proteins are present.

Under Biuret test, click Test. Does sample A contain proteins? No

4. Test: The Sudan Red test uses a fat-soluble dye, Sudan Red, to indicate the presence of
lipids. When lipids are present, the dye will be absorbed into the lipids, and will appear as
concentrated spots of color in the test tube. (No spots indicates that lipids are not present.)

Under Sudan Red test, click Test. Does sample A contain lipids? No

5. Summarize: What nutrients does sample A contain? Sample A contains monosaccharides.

6. Analyze: What kind of food is sample A most likely to be? (Circle your choice)

A. Apple juice B. Baked beans C. Oatmeal D. Scrambled eggs

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Activity B:
Get the Gizmo ready:
Nutrients and
 Click Reset.
food types

Question: What nutrients does each food sample contain?

1. Collect data: Use the four available tests to find the nutritional content of samples E, G, and
M. (Sample A has been done for you as an example.) Record results on the table below.

Carbohydrate Protein Lipids Test results – are these nutrients

Tests Test Test present?

saccharides
Sudan Red
Benedict

Proteins
sample

Starch
Mono-

Lipids
Biuret
Lugol
Food

test

test

test

A + – – –test Yes No No No
E – – + + No No Yes Yes
G – – – – No No No No
M – + – – No Yes No No

2. Analyze: Look at the results for samples A, E, G, and M.

A. Is sample E most likely to be steak, bread, or butter? Justify your answer.

Steak. Sample E has protein and fat. Of the choices, only steak has protein and fat.

B. Is sample G most likely to be table sugar, pasta, or olive oil? Justify your answer.

Table sugar. Sample G has no monosaccharides, but it may have disaccharides like
sucrose. Pasta would be positive for starch, and olive oil contains lipids.

C. Is sample M most likely to be chicken, rice, a mango, or butter? Justify your answer.

Rice. Sample M has starch, which is found in rice. Chicken is rich in protein,
mangoes in monosaccharides, and butter in lipids.

3. Draw conclusions: Why is it important to understand the nutritional content of food?

Answers will vary. Sample answer: What we eat is important to our health. A healthy diet is
low in sugar and contains a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. To have a healthy
diet, it is important to learn about the nutritional contents of different types of food.

(Activity B continued on next page)

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Activity B (continued from previous page)

4. Practice: Determine the nutritional content of the remaining food samples.

Carbohydrate Protein Lipids Test results – are these nutrients

Tests Test Test present?

saccharides
Sudan Red
Benedict

Proteins
sample

Starch
Mono-

Lipids
Biuret
Lugol
Food

test

test

test

test
B – – + + No No Yes Yes
C – + – – No Yes No No
D – – + + No No Yes Yes
F – – – – No No No No
H – – + + No No Yes Yes
I + – – – Yes No No No
J – – + + No No Yes Yes
K + – – – Yes No No No
L – – + + No No Yes Yes
N – + – – No Yes No No
O – – – – No No No No
P + – – – Yes No No No
Q – – + + No No Yes Yes
R – + – – No Yes No No
S – – + + No No Yes Yes

5. Think and discuss: If possible, discuss these food samples with your classmates and
teacher. Try to come up with a type of food that corresponds to each sample.
In general, meats are rich in proteins and lipids. Fruits and products flavored with corn syrup
contain monosaccharides. Grain and potato products contain starch. Samples that are
negative for every test are likely to contain disaccharides such as table sugar.

6. Extend your thinking: In general, a balanced diet contains relatively even amounts of
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Too much sugar (monosaccharides and other simple
sugars) is unhealthy. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of vitamins and minerals.

Do you consider your diet balanced and healthy? Why or why not?
Answers will vary. Sample answer: My diet is healthy because it contains a balance of
starch, proteins, and lipids. I also eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. [Unhealthy diets may be
high in sugar, fats, carbohydrates, and processed foods.]

2019