［TECHNICAL DATA］STRENGTH OF BOLTS, SCREW PLUGS, AND DOWEL PINS ［TECHNICAL DATA］CALCULATION OF CUBIC VOLUME AND MATERIAL PHYSICAL

［TECHNICAL DATA］CALCULATION OF CUBIC VOLUME AND MATERIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

■Bolt strength Pt : Tensile load in axial direction［kgf］ ■Unwin safety factorαbased on tensile strength 3D shape Volume V 3D shape Volume V 3D shape Volume V
σb : Bolt yield stress［kgf/mm2］ Static Repeated load Impact
1）When bolt is subjected to tensile load R
σt : Bolt maximum allowable stress load Pulsating Alternating load Truncated cylinder Ellipsoidal ring Conical section of
2
［kgf/mm ］ Steel 3 5 8 12 sphere
Pt＝σt×As……（1）
（σt＝σb/（safety factorα）） Cast iron 4 6 10 15 π

d
＝πd2σt/4… （2） V＝ 4 d 2h 2
As : Bolt effective cross-section area［mm ］2
V＝ 3 πr2h

h
Copper, soft metals 5 5 9 15 π2 a2＋b2
As＝πd2/4

h2
V＝ 4 d2 2

b
h
π
（
h 1＋h 2
）

h1
d : Bolt effective diameter（root diameter）
［mm］ Shear stress＝ Standard strength Standard strength: F or ductile materials＝Yield stress ＝ 4 d2 ＝2.0944r2h

r
Safety factorα For brittle materials＝Fracture stress 2
d a
Example: Find a suitable size for a single hexagon socket head cap screw that will
be subjected to repeated（pulsating）tensile loads of P＝200 kgf.（Hexagon socket
head cap screw material: 4137, 38～43 HRC, strength class 12.9） Pyramid Crossing cylinders Circular ring
From formula（1）: V＝2π2Rr2
h h
As＝Pt/σt Yield stress for strength class 12.9σb＝112［kgf/mm ］ 2
V＝ 3 A＝ 6 arn R
Maximum allowable stressσt＝σb/ （safety factor） ＝19.739Rr2

r
＝200/22.4 A＝Bottom surface area π 2 d
（From table above, safety factor＝5） V＝ 4 d（ℓ＋ℓ

d
h

ℓ
＝8.9［mm2］ r＝Radius of inscribed circle ´ 3） π2

d
＝112/5 ＝ 4 Dd2
Finding the effective cross-section area a＝Length of 1 side of regular polygon D
larger than this value from the table at ＝22.4［kgf/mm2］ a n＝Number of regular polygon sides ℓ ＝2.4674Dd2
right shows that a 14.2［mm2］ M5 cap
screw should be selected. ■Bolt fatigue strength
（For threads: fatigue strength ＝ count of 2 million）
With additional consideration for the fatigue strength, and based on the Effective Strength class Spherical crown Hollow cylinder
（tube） Cone
strength class of 12.9 in the table, we select an M6 screw with maximum Nominal cross-section 12.9 10.9
thread area πh 2
allowable load of 213 kgf. Maximum
Fatigue strength＊ allowable Maximum
load Fatigue strength allowable load
＊ V＝ 3 （3r－h） π π
size As V＝ 4 h（D2－d2） V＝ 3 r2h
mm2 kgf /mm2 d t
kgf kgf /mm2 kgf

h
πh

h
＝ 6（3a 2＋h 2） ＝πth（D－t）

h
2）For stripper bolts and others which are subjected to tensile impact loads, the M 4 8.78 13.1 114 9.1 79 ＝1.0472r2h
a ＝πth（d＋t）
selection is made based on the fatigue strength.（The bolt is subjected to 200 M 5 14.2 11.3 160 7.8 111 a is the radius. D r
kgf loads in the same way. Stripper bolt material: 4137 33～38 HRC, strength M 6 20.1 10.6 213 7.4 149
class 10.9.） M 8 36.6 8.9 326 8.7 318
M10 58 7.4 429 7.3 423 Ellipsoidal body Truncated pyramid Sphere
From the table at right, for a strength class of 10.9 and a maximum allowable 4
M12 84.3 6.7 565 6.5 548 V＝ 3 πabc
load of 200 kgf, the suitable bolt is a 318［kgf］ M8. Therefore we select a 10 mm 4
M14 115 6.1 702 6 690 h V＝ 3 πr3＝4.1888r3

r
MSB10 with a M8 thread section. When the bolt is subjected to shear load, also In the case of a V＝ 3（A＋a＋ Aa）
use a dowel pin. M16 157 5.8 911 5.7 895 rotating ellipsoidal
body（ b＝c）:

h
M20 245 5.2 1274 5.1 1250 A,a＝Surface area of π
＝ 6 d3＝0.5236d3

b
M24 353 4.7 1659 4.7 1659 a 4 each end
■Screw plug strength c V＝ 3 πab 2 d
Fatigue strengths＊ have been excerpted from “Estimated values of fatigue limits
Find the maximum allowable load P when a MSW30 screw plug is subjected to impact load. for metal threads of small screws, bolts, and nuts”（Yamamoto）and modified.
（MSW30 material: 1045, tensile strengthσb at 34～43 HRC 65 kgf/mm2）
Assuming fracture due to shear
Shear cross-section area A＝Root diameter d1×π×L M ■Physical properties of metal materials
occurs at the MSW root diameter 3D shape Volume V
（Root diameter d1≒M－P） Root diameter d1 Density Young s modulus E Coefficient of thermal expansion
location, the maximum allowable A＝（M－P）πL＝（30－1.5）π×12 g/cm 3 kgf/mm2 M10 -6 /°C
load P＝τt×A. Zone of sphere
＝1074［mm2］ Soft steel 7.85 21000 11.7
P

＝3.9×107.4 Yield stress≒0.9×Tensile strengthσb＝0.9×65＝58.2 b

＝4190 ［kgf］ Shear stress≒0.8×Yield stress D2 7.85 21000 11.7

＝46.6 πh Powdered high-speed

V＝ 6 （3a 2＋3b 2＋h 2） 8.07 23300 10.1
When the tap is a soft materials, Maximum allowable shear stressτt＝Shear stress /（Safety factor 12） steelHAP40

h
find the maximum allowable ＝46.6/12＝3.9［kgf/mm2］ Carbide V30 14.1 56000 6.0
shear from the inside thread a
Cast iron 7.3 7500 10500 9.2 11.8
root diameter. P
304 8.0 19700 17.3
Barrel shape Oxygen-free
■Dowel pin strength When curve has copper C1020
8.9 11700 17.6
circumference that is an arc:
Find a suitable size for a single dowel pin which is subjected to repeated
（pulsating） 6/4 brass C2801 8.4 10300 20.8
πℓ
V＝ 12（2D 2＋d 2）
shear loads of 800 kgf.（Dowel pin material: 52100 hardness 58 HRC or higher） d

D
Aluminum A1100 2.7 6900 23.6
When curve has
P＝A ×τ ℓ circumference that is a Duralumin A7075 2.8 7200 23.6
52100 yield stress capabilityσb＝120［kgf/mm2］ parabola
＝πD2τ/4 Maximum allowable shear strengthτ＝σb×0.8/（Safety factorα） V＝0.209ℓ（2D2Dd＋1/4d2） Titanium 4.5 10600 8.4
D＝√（4P）/
（πτ） ＝120×0.8/5
1kgf/mm2 9.8066510 6 Pa
＝19.2［kgf/mm2］
＝√
（4×800）/
（3.14×19.2） ■Finding the weight ■Finding dimensional changes resulting from thermal expansion ■Finding dimensional changes resulting from Young´s modulus E
≒7.3 Do not use in such a way that load is applied Weight W［g］
＝Volume［cm3］×Density Example: Find strainwhen load P1000 kgf is applied
Example: Material: D2
F or an MS dowel pin, select a size of D8 or larger. to the threads. to a10L60 pin. Material: D2
Material: Soft steel Example: The amount of dimensional change
［Example］
In addition, selecting a single size for all dowel pins makes it possible to reduce which occurs when a pin of D2, L100 mm
PL Pkgf
items such as tools and inventory. Weight when D＝φ16 and L＝ 50 mm is found as follows. is heated to 100 is the following. E
A
Coefficient of thermal expansion Total length Temperature change PL 100060
W＝π 11.710 100 mm100
6
－ D2× L×Density AE 78.521000
L

The information provided here is only an example of calculating the strength. For actual selections, it is necessary to consider the hole pitch accuracy, hole 4 0.117 mm

L
100 0.036mm
perpendicularity, surface roughness, true roundness, plate material, parallelism, use of hardening, accuracy of the press machine, product production π
＝－ ×1.62×5×7.85 20
volume, tool wear, and various other conditions. Therefore the strength calculation value should be used only as a guide.（It is not a guaranteed value.） 4 Cross-section area A 4 D2 78.5
0.117 10

2
D
1271 ≒79［g］ 120
1272

PD-11.indd 1271-1272 2012/10/25 17:14:11