Scribd
Upload
2 views5 pages

9-chemistry

Uploaded by

viraatghai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
2 views5 pages

9-chemistry

Uploaded by

viraatghai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1/ 5

Class: IX

Topic: Atom and Molecule

Subject: Chemistry
Date –8/12/21

1.Define polyatomic ion


A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of two or more atoms.

Examples: The hydroxide ion (OH-) and the phosphate ion


(PO43-) are both polyatomic ions.

2. What do you mean by valency?


The combining capacity of an element is known as its valency. Valency is used
to find out how atom of an element will combine with the atom of another element
to form a chemical compound.
(Every atom want, to become stable, to do so it may loose, gain or share electrons.
(i) If an atom consists of 1, 2 or 3 electrons in its valence shell then its valency is 1,
2 or 3 respectively,
(ii) If an atom consists of 5, 6 or 7 electrons in the outermost shell, then it will gain
3, 2 or 1 electron respectively and its valency will be 3, 2 or 1 respectively.
(iii) If an atom has 4 electrons in the outermost shell than it will share this electron
and hence its valency will be 4.
(iv) If an atom has 8 electrons in the outermost shell then its valency is 0.

3. Write the rules for writing Chemical Formulae.


Rules: (i) The valencies or charges on the ion must be balanced.
(ii) A metal and non-metal compound should show the name or symbols of the
metal first.
e.g., Na+ Cl– → NaCl
(iii) If a compound consist of polyatomic ions. The ion before writing the number
to indicate the ratio.
e.g., [SO4]2– → polyatomic radical
H1+ SO42– → H2SO4.
Chemical formula of some simple compounds
(a) Calcium hydroxide-Ca (OH)2

(b) Aluminium sulphate-Al2(SO4)3

4. Atomic mass unit and Relative Atomic mass


• It can be best defined as 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom in its ground
state.
• 1 amu= 1.66 x 10-27 kg
• Relative Atomic mass-It is defined as number of times an atom is heavier than
1/12 th part of an atom of C-12.
• For eg- the relative atomic mass of Na is 23u that means one atom of Na is 23 times
heavier than 1/12th part of C-12
•
5. Define Molecular Mass
It is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the
substance. It is expressed in atomic mass unit (u).
e.g., H2O [H = 1, 0 = 16]
1 × 2 + 16 = 18 u
6. Define Formula Unit Mass
It is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit of a compound. The
constituent particles are ions.
e.g., Na+ + Cl– → NaCl
1 × 23 + 1 × 35.5 = 58.5 u

7.What is the difference between an atom and a molecule ?

Atom-It is the smallest particle of an element that takes part in a chemical


reaction. An atom is usually not stable by itself.

Eg-H ,O , Ne etc.

Molecule- It is the smallest particle of an element or a compound that is


capable of independent existence. A molecule is an electrically neutral
group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecule is
usually stable by itself.

H2 , O2 ,P4 these are molecules of an element


CO2 , NH3, H2O are the molecules of compound.

Note-The above content has been absolutely prepared from home

You might also like