place value
place value
place value
Series
Student
Reading and
Understanding
Whole Numbers
My name
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ISBN 978-1-921861-00-0
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Series G – Reading and
Understanding Whole Numbers
Contents
Topic 1 – Read and understand numbers (pp. 1–8) Date completed
• expanded notation_____________________________________ / /
• mixed practice_________________________________________ / /
• Roman numerals_______________________________________ / /
Series Authors:
Rachel Flenley
Nicola Herringer
Copyright ©
Read and understand numbers – place value to millions
1 Fill in the place value chart for each number. The first one has been done for you.
Hundred Ten
Millions thousands thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Units
816 958 8 1 6 9 5 8
1 254 958
91 806
3 048 787
958 656
1 362 055
a + 10 000 33 591
SERIES TOPIC
Read and understand numbers – place value to millions
When we work with large numbers, there are lots of zeros to deal with. Sometimes it is easier to
express the number using exponents or powers.
Powers tell us how many times to use a number in a multiplication process. power
102 = 10 × 10 = 100 102
103 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 1 000
104 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10 000 base
Can you see a connection between the power and the amount of zeros in the number?
a 1 000 = b 10 =
1 2 3 Across
1. one million thirty seven thousand eight hundred
and fourteen
4. three million and forty nine thousand five
hundred and six
4 5
6. 106
Down
1. one hundred and thirty three thousand eight
6 hundred and fourteen
2. three hundred and eighty four thousand
3. 105
5. nine thousand six hundred and two
When we write numbers using expanded notation, we identify and name the value of each digit.
3 154 231 = 3 000 000 + 100 000 + 50 000 + 4 000 + 200 + 30 + 1
b 88 421
c 2 856 913
d 714 533
e 7 240 547
f 4 215 632
g 770 421
h 467 809
2 Write the number from the expanded notation. Remember to group the digits in 3s.
SERIES TOPIC
Read and understand numbers – expanded notation
4 Match the numerals with their expanded notation form. Colour the boxes that match.
78 934 210
4 000 000 + 500 000 + 70 000 + 8 000 + 300 + 60 + 1
9 000 + 90 + 4
When ordering numbers it is important to look closely at the place of the digits.
550 654
1 547 521
1 485 554
1 547 656
1 256 441
You are in charge of compiling the ratings for the top 10 television programs for the week. You have ordered
them according to your personal preference but your editor is not amused.
She wants you to reorder them from most popular to least popular according to the number of viewers.
This now seems like a good idea as you like your job and want to keep it.
Use the final column to record the correct order of popularity.
SERIES TOPIC
Read and understand numbers – order large numbers
3 Play this game with 3 friends. The aim is to make the biggest number you can. You’ll each
need to make a copy of this page and cut out your set of digit cards below. Put each player’s
cards together and shuffle. You only need one copy of the 5 points card for the whole group.
copy
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
5 points
Instructions
1 Make sure you have shuffled the cards well before you deal out 7 cards to each player.
3 Play rock paper scissors to see who will go first. When it is their turn, players may swap one of their cards
for the top card. It’s a lucky dip though; the card may help or hinder!
4 Player 1 makes the biggest number they can using all their cards. They take the 5 point card as their
number is the only one out there.
5 Player 2 then tries to make a larger number. If they can do so, then the 5 point card goes to them.
7 The player with the largest number at the end of the game gets the 5 points. Keep score after each round.
8 Play again. Or try a different variation such as the smallest number, the largest even number or the
smallest odd number.
Getting
ready Congratulations! You and a friend have just inherited a lot
of money and can join the Millionaires’ Club. Your task is
to order the members in the club, and then work out why
there seem to be some cliques within the group.
What 1 Write your names and your respective wealth on the Club Membership Board.
to do
The rule is you must have less than 1 billion or you would be in the billionaires’ club.
2 Reorder the board so the richest member of the club is at the top and the
poorest (relatively speaking) is at the bottom. Don’t forget to include yourself and
your friend.
What to
do next 1 Within the club there are a few cliques or divisions. Members of the same cliques
have the same letter either A, B or C. You think that is odd. Can you work out
why groups have been formed? Write the groups out again and look carefully at
the numbers. Each group may even have more than one condition of entry. How
many can you find?
2 Stuck? There are a couple of the rules hidden in this page. Look carefully at the
text again. Some words may be written a little differently.
3 Which group(s) can you and your friend join according to the rules you find?
SERIES TOPIC
Zero the Hero apply
Getting
ready In this activity, you are going to make different numbers by
performing operations (not the medical kind) to remove zeros
from a number. You will work with a partner. You’ll need
a calculator to share.
What 1 Enter a 6 digit number into a calculator. Make sure it contains 1 zero.
to do
2 Pass the calculator to your partner. Their job is to remove the zero
from the calculator using one addition or subtraction problem.
3 If they can read the number correctly and explain how they did it in 1 step they
score 10 points.
4 Swap roles. The first person to score 50 points wins the game.
What to Can you invent a similar game using a calculator? Does it need to be harder or easier
do next
for you to enjoy playing it? How could you change it? What will you ask your partner
do with the numbers? Try it out and refine it until it works well.
Write down your instructions so that another team can play your game. Swap your
instructions with another team and play each other’s game.
HT TT Th H T U
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Negative numbers are used when we measure temperature and in transactions with money.
When we are in debt, we have a negative balance. This means we owe money.
a b c d e f g
h
On Wednesday morning the i
On Thursday morning the
thermometer reads –4 °C. thermometer reads –9 °C. One
One hour later it is 3 °C colder. hour later it is 4 °C warmer.
2 Sarah had $10 in her bank account. What would the balance be if she:
SERIES TOPIC
Types of numbers – negative numbers
3 Mark the number line with the amount either added or subtracted. The first one has been done
for you.
a 2 – 7 = –5
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
b 1 – 5 =
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
c –4 + 7 =
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
d –6 + 3 =
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
e –1 – 7 =
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
a – = –2
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
b + = –5
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
c – = –7
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
d + = 1
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
1 How many ways can 24 objects be arranged? Use the arrays below to complete the facts:
a b
× = 24
× = 24
× = 24
× = 24
24 can be arranged in many different ways. The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.
SERIES TOPIC
Types of numbers – prime and composite numbers
Eratosthenes (276 BC – 194 BC) was a Greek mathematician who developed a clever way to find
prime numbers.
3 Find all the prime numbers in the hundred grid below. (Do not shade the number itself as it is not a multiple.)
a Cross out 1 since it is not prime. b Shade all the multiples of 2.
c Shade all the multiples of 3. d Shade all the multiples of 5.
e Shade all the multiples of 7.
f
The remaining numbers are prime numbers, apart from 1 which is a special case. List them:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
4 Circle the prime numbers. Use the Sieve of Eratosthenes to help you.
65 89 47 94 25 43
11 27 32 19 21 65
7 53 99 87 26 13
b I am one of the two numbers that are neither prime nor composite. I am not zero.
I am ____________.
c I am a 2 digit number. I am less than 40. I am a prime number and my second digit is smaller than
g I am the largest 4 digit number that uses the 4 smallest prime numbers. I am ____________.
h I am a prime number. My digits add to total the smallest prime number. I am ____________.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b Rounded to the nearest 100 km, my train trip was 3 000 km long. How long could it have been?
How many answers to this question can you find?
SERIES TOPIC
Types of numbers – Roman numerals
The numerals we use are part of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. It is believed to have been
invented in India and transmitted by the Moors (Arabs). Europeans adopted the system in the
12th century.
The Romans had their own system.
Study this Hindu–Arabic to Roman numerals conversion table.
a 5 b 6
c 50 d 51
e 63 f 10
g 12 h 55
i 138 j 82
a VI b XV
c VII d XVI
e LX f LXI
When we are expressing large numbers in Roman numerals, it is useful to work on one place value
at a time.
MCCLXXVII = M + CC + LXX + VII
= 1 000 + 200 + 70 + 7
= 1 277
358
612
475
939
1 563
4 These days, we only use Roman numerals when the credits roll in the
movies – and sometimes on our watches!
These are the 3 top grossing films of all time. When were they made?
SERIES TOPIC
We need a new system create
Getting
ready In this activity you are going to use what you know
about our Hindu–Arabic number system and Roman
numerals to invent your own number system.
What Look at the chart below. It shows numbers written in our Hindu–Arabic system and in
to do
Roman numerals. Design your own system. There is a column for you to record it.
What will you use in your system? Will you use symbols? Letters? Shapes? Will you
use different symbols for values such as 1, 2, 3 or will you repeat them as in I, II, III?
Will you use a 0 type symbol to develop a place value system so you can easily write
numbers as 5, 50, 500?
What to Now you have your system, write 5 simple addition or subtraction problems using
do next
your numbers for a friend to solve.
1 __________________________________________________________________
2 __________________________________________________________________
3 __________________________________________________________________
4 __________________________________________________________________
5 __________________________________________________________________
Can they work with your number system? It is trickier than it looks to invent
a number system, and you may need to tweak it till you get it working.
What You have been asked by the Mathematics Institute to test this out.
to do
How high can you go?
What will you need to help you solve this problem? You may want to use the table of
prime numbers on page 18.
You can work by yourself or as part of a small group.
Here are a few to start you off.
Use the triangles on page 18 to record your thinking. Or create your own.
You may need more!
What to Which even number can be made the most ways? Discuss your answer with 2 friends.
do next
Do they agree?
Goldbach’s theory has never been absolutely proven or disproven. The publishing
group Faber and Faber offered a $1 000 000 prize to any one who could do so.
No one was able to claim the prize at the end of the competition time. Who knows,
you could be the one to claim the glory (if not the prize). You could rename the
conjecture. What would you call it?
SERIES TOPIC
Goldbach’s conjecture investigate
2 3 5 7 11 13
17 19 23 29 31 37
41 43 47 53 59 61
67 71 73 79 83 89
97 101 103 107 109 113
127 131 137 139 149 151
157 163 167 173 179 181
191 193 197 199 211 223
227 229 233 239 241 251
257 263 269 271 277 281
283 293 307 311 313 317
331 337 347 349 353 359
367 373 379 383 389 397
401 409 419 421 431 433
439 443 449 459 461 463
467 479 487 491 499
Rounding makes big numbers easier to work with. We round to numbers that we can deal with
easily in our heads.
We most commonly round to the nearest 10 or power of 10.
210 350 770
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000
SERIES TOPIC
Round and estimate – round to the nearest power of ten
4 To find a secret fact about the gorilla, round the numbers in the clues below and insert the matching
letters above the answers.
2 000 50 000 400 8 000 20 000 400 8 000 50 000 400 200
8 000 200 70 000 500 8 000 20 000 400 7 000 900 10 000
H 249 rounded to the nearest hundred U 69 623 rounded to the nearest thousand
N 19 432 rounded to the nearest ten thousand M 462 rounded to the nearest hundred
T 49 832 rounded to the nearest thousand I 2 490 rounded to the nearest thousand
L 850 rounded to the nearest hundred C 361 rounded to the nearest hundred
D 10 320 rounded to the nearest thousand A 7 711 rounded to the nearest thousand
O 6 625 rounded to the nearest thousand
a When rounding to the nearest hundred, 18 762 rounds to 19 000. True / False
b When rounding to the nearest thousand, 17 468 rounds to 17 000. True / False
e When rounding to the nearest hundred, 78 050 rounds to 78 100. True / False
f When rounding to the nearest hundred, numbers round down from 50. True / False
g You would be happy for your parents to use rounding for your weekly pocket
True / False
money. You receive $14 pocket money.
6 A number rounded to the nearest thousand is 4 000. List at least 10 numbers it could be.
We often round numbers when we are estimating, when being close enough provides us with the
information we need to make a decision or calculation.
1 Work out estimates for the following problems. The first one has been done for you.
a 29 × 11 b 19 × 22 c 12 × 41
30 × 10 = 300 × = × =
d 32 × 51 e 62 × 29 f 21 × 39
× = × = × =
g 11 × 59 h 41 × 39 i 19 × 69
× = × = × =
a 52 + 39 = 20 90 200
b 70 × 29 = 2 100 210 40
e 39 × 80 = 50 320 3 200
f 310 + 99 = 4 40 400
SERIES TOPIC
Round and estimate – round and estimate
Sometimes it is best to round to a known fact rather than follow the normal rounding rules.
For example: 637 ÷ 9 = ?
If we round 637 to 630 instead of 640 we get 630 ÷ 9 = 70
This is easier to work out in our heads because we know the division fact: 63 ÷ 9 = 7
3 Estimate the answer to the following division questions. The first one has been done for you.
a 329 ÷ 8 = 320 ÷ 8 = 40
b 487 ÷ 6 = ÷ =
c 427 ÷ 7 = ÷ =
d 367 ÷ 6 = ÷ =
e 568 ÷ 8 = ÷ =
f 729 ÷ 9 = ÷ =
4 Hayley and Jack estimated answers to some calculations. Circle the most useful estimate:
a 12 of you go to a restaurant. The set price is $18 a head. What will
$200 $300
the bill roughly be?
b You want to buy a new MP3 player that costs $157 and 5 songs
Yes – $250 Yes – $170
from iTunes at $1.69 each. You have $250. Can you do it?
c You travel 365 km on one day, 478 km the next, and 541 the next.
1 400 km 1 000 km
Roughly how far have you travelled altogether?
f You have $32. A packet of lollies costs $2.95. Roughly how many
10 7
packets can you buy with your money?
What
to do Using only a pencil and paper, work out the approximate number of 375 mL cans you
will need to fill the 265 litre bathtub. His Lordship hates wastage, so you need to be
as close as you can with your estimate.
Think of a strategy. Try it out. Are you on the right track?
This activity requires Compare your answer with that of a friend. Are your answers similar? If not, discuss
you to estimate, not to how each of you solved it, and work together to see if you can come up with an
work out exact figures. answer you both agree on.
Perhaps a table or list
may help.
What about converting
the quantities so that
they are the same?
What to Can you get closer with your estimate? The more accurate you are, the fewer cans
do next
are used.
SERIES TOPIC
Round and estimate word problems solve
__________________________________________________________________
b Sadly for Dixie, success is fickle, and her career took a nosedive. In the fourth
year, she made only $10 000 and had spent all but $100 000 of her previous
earnings. The tax office then decided she owed $150 000 in back taxes. Will she
have to go into debt to pay them back? If so, by how much?
__________________________________________________________________
c Angus and his brothers are saving for a speed boat. Angus has $2 878, Richard has
$1 790, and Jack has $4 213. The boat costs $15 000. Approximately how much
more money do they need?
__________________________________________________________________
d Jack has changed his mind about buying the speed boat. Instead he decides to
join a get rich quick scheme that requires just $4 000 from him as a joining fee.
Angus and Richard ask their cousin Fred to take Jack’s place. Fred puts in $2 000
to the boat fund.
How much more money do they now need to buy the speed boat?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
f Dion goes for a run 5 days a week. Each run is 5 km long. He tells his mates he
runs about 50 km a week. Is this a reasonable estimation or is he just bragging?
Explain your thinking:
__________________________________________________________________