Programming Fundamentals Lecture 02

Programming
Fundamentals
MPW 224
Lecture 02
Dr. Mohamed Elsabahy
Ph.D. in Energy Resource Engineering
Email: Mohamed_Elsabahy@eng.suez.edu.eg
Working with Variables in Python to
Manage Data
Getting Started With Python Lecture Content
☺Access Help, Autocompletion, etc.

☺Printing to the Console
☺Receive inputs from the Console
☺Variables
☺Comments
Getting Started With Python
Working with Variables in Python to Manage Data
Help, Autocompletion, etc.
Printing to the Console in Python
`print()` Function
`print()` Function
- The `print()` function is used to output text (or other data) to the console or standard output device.
- It takes zero or more parameters as input and displays them on the console, separated by spaces by
default.
- It is commonly used for debugging, displaying information to users, or any other form of output.
- Syntax: `print(value1, value2, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)`
- `value1`, `value2`, ...: Any number of values or expressions to be printed.
- `sep`: Specifies the separator between the values. By default, it is a space `' '`.
- ènd`: Specifies what to print at the end. By default, it is a newline `'\n'`.
- `file`: Specifies the output file. By default, it is the console (`sys.stdout`).
- `flush`: If `True`, the output buffer is flushed after printing. Default is `False`.
Example
Receive inputs from the Console

ìnput()` Function
ìnput()` Function
- The ìnput()` function is used to accept user input from the console or standard input device.
- It displays a prompt to the user and waits for them to enter text followed by pressing the Enter key.
- It always returns a string, which can be converted to other data types (e.g., int, float) as needed using
type conversion.
- Syntax: ìnput(prompt=None)`
- `prompt`: An optional string that is displayed as a prompt to the user. If not provided, the prompt is
omitted.
Example
Python Variables
Variable Naming
• Variable names can contain letters, digits, and underscores.
• They cannot start with a digit.
• Variable names are case-sensitive (myVariable, MyVariable, and myvariable are different variables).
• Variable names should be descriptive and meaningful to make the code more readable.
Assigning Values to Variables

• In Python, you can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator =
x = 10
name = "Alice"
• The variable x now holds the value 10, and the variable name holds the string "Alice"
Python Variables
Variable Types
• Python is dynamically typed, meaning you do not need to declare the type of a variable when you
create one. Python will automatically determine the data type based on the value assigned to it.
x = 10 # integer
y = 3.14 # float
name = "Bob" # string
• You can check the type of a variable using the type() function.
print(type(x)) # <class 'int’>
print(type(y)) # <class 'float’>
print(type(name)) # <class 'str'>
Variable Reassignment
• You can change the value of a variable by assigning it a new value.
x=5
x=x+1
• After executing these statements, the value of x will be 6.
Python Variables
Multiple Assignment
• Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in a single line.
a, b, c = 10, 20, 30
• This assigns 10 to a, 20 to b, and 30 to c.
Constants
• Although Python doesn't have built-in constant types, programmers often use variables with
uppercase names to denote constants.
PI = 3.14159
• By convention, constants are usually written in uppercase to distinguish them from regular
variables.
Python Comments
What is Comment
• Comments are used to annotate code and provide explanations or documentation.
• Comments are ignored by the Python interpreter and are not executed as part of the program.
• They are purely for the benefit of developers reading and maintaining the code
Single-line Comments
• Single-line comments begin with the # symbol and continue until the end of the line.
• They are typically used for short explanations or annotations on specific lines of code.
Multi-line Comments
• Python does not have a specific syntax for multi-line comments like some other programming
languages.
• However, you can use multiple single-line comments or a string literal (triple quotes) to achieve a
similar effect.
• Multi-line comments are useful for longer explanations or documentation.
Python Comments
Commenting Out Code
• Comments are also commonly used to temporarily disable or "comment out" lines of code during
development or debugging.
• This allows you to exclude specific lines from execution without deleting them.
Python Comments
Example
Questions

Programming Fundamentals Lecture 02

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☺Access Help, Autocompletion, etc.

Receive inputs from the Console

Assigning Values to Variables

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