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Objects and Classes Python

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, focusing on classes, objects, attributes, and methods. It discusses concepts such as operator overloading and class inheritance, illustrating these with examples like Coordinate and Fraction classes. The document emphasizes the importance of well-designed classes for encapsulating data and functionality.

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11 views21 pages

Objects and Classes Python

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, focusing on classes, objects, attributes, and methods. It discusses concepts such as operator overloading and class inheritance, illustrating these with examples like Coordinate and Fraction classes. The document emphasizes the importance of well-designed classes for encapsulating data and functionality.

Uploaded by

sandithagali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Python: Object Oriented

Programming - 2
Recap
• Object Orientation
– merge data and functions (that operate on the
data) together into classes
– class is like a blue print of an object
– objects are instances of a class
– typically two kinds of members in a class
• members that store data are attributes
• members that are functions are methods
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate
Keyword to indicate declaration of a class
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate
Name of a class
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate
Parent class
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate

special method
constructor
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate

method distance
Exmple 1: Class Coordinate

new object of type Coordinate


with initial attributes

Equivalent
Operator Overloading
What the operator does, depends on the objects
it operates on. For example:
>>> a = "Hello "; b = "World"
>>> a + b # concatenation
'Hello World'
>>> c = 10; d = 20
>>> c + d # addition
30

This is called operator overloading because the


operation is overloaded with more than one
meaning.
Exmple 2: Class Fraction
Methods: set and get
A well designed class provides methods to get and
set attributes.
• These methods define the interface to that class.
• This allows to perform error checking when values
are set, and to hide the implementation of the class
from the user.
Methods: set and get
Methods: set and get
Class Hierarchy

Source:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-
programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-slides-code/
Class Inheritance
Sometimes, we need classes that share certain (or very
many, or all) attributes but are slightly different.
• Example 1: Geometry
a point (in 2 dimensions) has an x and y attribute
a circle is a point with a radius
a cylinder is a circle with a height
• Example 2: People at universities
A person has an address.
A student is a person and selects modules.
A lecturer is a person with teaching duties.

• In these cases, we define a base class and derive other


classes from it.
• This is called inheritance.
Class Inheritance

Source:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-
programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-slides-code/
Class Inheritance

Source:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-
programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-slides-code/
Class Inheritance

Source:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-
programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-slides-code/
Class Inheritance: Another Example

Source:Computational Science and Engineering in Python by Hans Fangohr, Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton,
United Kingdom
Class Inheritance: Another Example

Source:Computational Science and Engineering in Python by Hans Fangohr, Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton,
United Kingdom
Class Inheritance: Another Example

Source:Computational Science and Engineering in Python by Hans Fangohr, Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton,
United Kingdom

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