Class IX

Robotics (Introduction to Data and Programming with Python)

Video Tutorials
Introduction to Python Programming Language | History | Why Study it?
Downloading and Installing Python IDLE ( Python Shell )

Introduction to Python
Python is an easy to learn yet powerful object oriented programming language. It is high
level programming language yet as powerful as many other programming languages like C,
C++, Java etc.

Python programming language was developed by Guido Van Rossum in February 1991 and
further developed by the Python Software Foundation. It was designed with an emphasis on
code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines
of code.

It is based on two programming languages : ABC language, created as a replacement of

Python is named after the comedy television show Monty Python’s Flying Circus. It is not
named after the Python snake.

Features of Python
1. Free and Open Source
Python language is freely available at the official website. Since it is open-source, this
means that source code is also available to the public. So, you can download it, use it as
well as share it.
2. Easy to code
Python is a high-level programming language. Python is very easy to learn the language as
compared to other languages like C, C#, Javascript, Java, etc. It is very easy to code in the
Python language and anybody can learn Python basics in a few hours or days. It is also a
developer-friendly language.
3. Easy to Read
Python’s syntax is really straightforward. The code block is defined by the indentations
rather than by semicolons or brackets.
4. Object-Oriented Language
One of the key features of Python is Object-Oriented programming. Python supports
object-oriented language and concepts of classes, object encapsulation, etc.
5. High-Level Language
Python is a high-level language. When we write programs in Python, we do not need to
remember the system architecture, nor do we need to manage the memory.
6. Interpreted Language:
Python is an Interpreted Language because Python code is executed line by line at a time.
like other languages C, C++, Java, etc. there is no need to compile Python code this makes
it easier to debug our code. The source code of Python is converted into an immediate
form called bytecode.
7. Python is a Portable language
Python language is also a portable language. For example, if we have Python code for
Windows and if we want to run this code on other platforms such as Linux, Unix, and Mac
then we do not need to change it, we can run this code on any platform.
8. Python is an Integrated language
Python is also an Integrated language because we can easily integrate Python with other
languages like C, C++, etc.
9. Large Standard Library
Python has a large standard library that provides a rich set of modules and functions so
you do not have to write your own code for every single thing.
10. Dynamically Typed Language
Python is a dynamically-typed language. That means the type (for example- int, double,
long, etc.) for a variable is decided at run time not in advance because of this feature we
don’t need to specify the type of variable.
11. Web Development

It is one of the most astonishing applications of Python. This is because Python comes up
with a wide range of frameworks like Django, Flask, Bottle, and a lot more that provide ease
to developers.

Modes of Interaction

In the Python programming language, there are two ways in which we can run our code:

1. Interactive mode

2. Script mode

Interactive mode

In the interactive mode as we enter a command and press enter, the very next step we get
the output. The output of the code in the interactive mode is influenced by the last
command we give. Interactive mode is very convenient for writing very short lines of code.

This mode is very suitable for beginners in programming as it helps them evaluate their code
line by line and understand the execution of code well.

How to run python code in Interactive mode?

In order to run our program in the interactive mode, we can use command prompt in
windows, terminal in Linux, and macOS. To run python in command prompt type
“python”. Then simply type the Python statement on >>> prompt. As we type and press
enter, we can see the output in the very next line.

Disadvantages of interactive mode

• The interactive mode is not suitable for large programs.

• The interactive mode doesn’t save the statements. Once we make a program it is for
that time itself, we cannot use it in the future. In order to use it in the future, we
need to retype all the statements.

• Editing the code written in interactive mode is a tedious task. We need to revisit all
our previous commands and if still, we could not edit we need to type everything
again.
Script Mode

Script etymologically means a system of writing. In the script mode, a python program can
be written in a file. This file can then be saved and executed using the command prompt or
using Python IDE installed in our system. We can view the code at any time by opening the
file and editing becomes quite easy as we can open and view the entire code as many times
as we want. Script mode is very suitable for writing long pieces of code. It is much preferred
over interactive mode by experts in the program. The file made in the script mode is by
default saved in the Python installation folder and the extension to save a python file is
“.py”.

How to run python code in script mode?

In order to run a code in script mode follow the following steps.

Step 1: Make a file using a text editor. You can use any text editor of your choice.

Step 2: After writing the code save the file using “.py” extension.

Step 3: Now open the command prompt and command directory to the one where your file
is stored.

Step 4: Type python “filename.py” and press enter.

Step 5: You will see the output on your command prompt.