Arrays in c

Module 2
ARRAYS & STRINGS
Badharudheen P
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE, MESCE, Kuttippuram
Introduction
❑ Arrays
❑ A collection of elements of the same type that are
referenced by a common name
❑ Compared to the basic data type (int, float & char) it is
an aggregate or derived data type
Arrays
❑ Consider the following case:
"We have a list of 1000 students' marks of

an integer type. If using the basic data
type (int), we will declare something like
the following…"
int studMark0, studMark1, studMark2, ...,

studMark999;
Arrays
❑ Can you imagine how long we have to write the declaration
part by using normal variable declaration?
void main(void)
{
int studMark1, studMark2, studMark3, …,
…, …, studMark995, studMark996,
studMark997, studMark998, studMark999,
studMark1000;
…
…
}
Arrays
❑ By using an array, we just declare like this,
int studMark[1000];
❑ This will reserve 1000 contiguous memory locations for
storing the students’ marks.
Arrays
❑ We can use index/subscript to identify each element or
location in the memory.
❑ Hence, if we have an index of jIndex,
studMark[jIndex] would refer to the jIndexth
element in the array of studMark.
❑ For example, studMark[0] will refer to the first element

of the array.
❑ Thus by changing the value of jIndex, we could refer to
any element in the array.
Arrays
❑ Array elements are like normal variables
c[ 0 ] = 3;
printf( "%d", c[ 0 ] );
❑ Perform operations in subscript. If x equals 3
c[ 5 - 2 ] => c[ 3 ] => c[ x ]
Array Declaration
❑ When declaring arrays, specify
❑ Name
❑ Type of array
❑ Number of elements
❑ arrayType arrayName[numberOfElements];
❑ Examples:
❑ int c[ 10 ];
❑ float myArray[ 100 ];
❑ Declaring multiple arrays of same type

❑ int b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ];
Array Initialization
int n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int n[ 5 ] = { 0 } //All elements 0
❑ If size omitted, initializers determine it

int n[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
❑ 5 initializers, therefore 5 element array
Array Example
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10], i;
printf("Enter the array elements: ");
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
printf("The array elements are: ");

for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
Question
1. Write a program to find the average of array elements.

2. Program to print all even numbers in an array
3. Program to print array in reverse order
4. Program to find the position of an element in an array
5. Program to reverse an array
Strings
❑ Otherwise known as character arrays
❑ can be initialized as: char string1[] = "first";
❑ Null character '\0' terminates strings
❑ string1 actually has 6 elements, it is equivalent to
char string1[]={'f','i','r','s','t','\0'};
❑ Can access individual characters
string1[ 3 ] is character ‘s’
❑ Array name is address of array, so & not needed for scanf
scanf( "%s", string1 );
❑ Can write beyond end of array, be careful
Strings
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char string1[ 20 ];
int i;
printf(" Enter a string: ");
scanf( "%s", string1 );
printf( "string1 is: %s\n”, string1);
/* or you can print using a loop */

for ( i = 0; string1[ i ] != '\0'; i++ )
printf( "%c ", string1[ i ] );
}
String Library Functions
❑ strlen: to find the string length
int strlen(str);
❑ For eg:
int size;
char str[20];
size = strlen(str);
❑ strcat: to concatenate two strings
strcat(str1, str2);
❑ concatenates str2 with str1
❑ strncat: to concatenate with first n characters
strncat(str1, str2, n);

❑ concatenates first n characters of str2 with str1
❑ strcpy: to copy the content of one string to another
strcpy(dest, source);
❑ strncpy: to copy the first n characters of one string to another

strncpy(dest, source, n);
❑ strcmp: to compare two strings
int strcmp(str1, str2);
❑ strncmp: to compare the first n characters

int strcmp(str1, str2, n);
Question
1. Write a program to count number of characters in a string

2. Program to count the number of occurrences of a particular
character in a given string. Also print the positions.
3. Program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not
Two Dimensional/2D Arrays
❑ A two dimensional array has two subscripts/indexes.
❑ The 1st subscript refers to the row, and the 2nd, to the column.
❑ Its declaration has the following form:
type array_name[row size][column size];
❑ For examples,
int a[3][4]; // 3 rows and 4 columns
float matrix[20][25]; //20 rows and 25 columns
Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Row 0 a[ 0 ][ 0 ] a[ 0 ][ 1 ] a[ 0 ][ 2 ] a[ 0 ][ 3 ]
Row 1 a[ 1 ][ 0 ] a[ 1 ][ 1 ] a[ 1 ][ 2 ] a[ 1 ][ 3 ]
Row 2
a[ 2 ][ 0 ] a[ 2 ][ 1 ] a[ 2 ][ 2 ] a[ 2 ][ 3 ]
Column subscript
Array name
Row subscript
❑ Initialization
1 2
int b[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
3 4
1 0
❑ If not enough, unspecified elements set to zero
int b[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { { 1 }, { 3, 4 } }; 3 4
❑ Referencing elements:
Specify row, then column
printf( "%d", b[ 0 ][ 1 ] );
❑ To assign initial string values for the 2D array
char Name[6][10] = {"Mr. Bean", "Mr. Bush",

"Nicole", "Kidman", "Arnold", "Jodie"};
❑ Here, we can initialize the array with 6 strings, each with

maximum 9 characters long.
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char s[5][20];
int i, j;
printf("Enter the strings");

for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
scanf("%s", s[i]);
for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++)

printf("%s\n", s[i]);
}
Question
1. Write a program to add two integer matrices

2. Write a program print the position of an element in a 2D array

Arrays in c

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Module 2

ARRAYS & STRINGS

"We have a list of 1000 students' marks of

int studMark0, studMark1, studMark2, ...,

❑ For example, studMark[0] will refer to the first element

❑ Perform operations in subscript. If x equals 3

❑ Declaring multiple arrays of same type

int n[ 5 ] = { 0 } //All elements 0

❑ If size omitted, initializers determine it

printf("The array elements are: ");

1. Write a program to find the average of array elements.

/* or you can print using a loop */

❑ strncat: to concatenate with first n characters

strncat(str1, str2, n);

❑ strncpy: to copy the first n characters of one string to another

❑ strncmp: to compare the first n characters

1. Write a program to count number of characters in a string

char Name[6][10] = {"Mr. Bean", "Mr. Bush",

❑ Here, we can initialize the array with 6 strings, each with

printf("Enter the strings");

for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++)

1. Write a program to add two integer matrices

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