Water Conservation Systems: Oregon Smart Guide

Building Codes division
OregOn smart guide

Water Conservation systems
Building Codes Division
Our MissiOn
Working with Oregonians to ensure
safe building construction while
supporting a positive business climate.
O r e g o n s m a r t g u i d e
1
Facts abOut wastewater reuse
in OregOn
Water conservation systems collect wastewater from bathtubs, showers,
bathroom sinks, and washing machines for reuse. This wastewater is
also referred to as gray water because of the slight gray color caused
by suspended solids and soap. In contrast, wastewater from the toilet is
often referred to as black water because it will become very dark in
color as it becomes septic. Gray water will turn into black water within
24 hours if it is stored and not properly treated. Oregon law does not
currently allow wastewater from kitchen sinks and dishwashers, which
may contain high amounts of salts, fats, oils, grease, food particles, and
corrosive detergents, to be used in water conservation systems.
Because of the efforts in Oregon to conserve water both now and
for the future, the Oregon Building Codes Division has approved the
reuse of wastewater or gray water for fushing toilets as an alternate
method to the state plumbing code. Oregons alternate method for
water conservation systems focuses on manufactured, off-the-shelf
and pre-designed systems. You can fnd information about the water
conservation system statewide alternate method for fushing toilets in
homes and commercial buildings at www.bcd.oregon.gov.
b u i l d i n g c o d e s d i v i s i o n
2
things tO cOnsider
The average person in the United States uses approximately 50 gallons
of potable water a day. Installing low-volume plumbing fxtures and a
water conservation system can reduce potable water consumption by
almost one-third.
AverAge dOMestic wAter use:
Figure 1 shows a basic water conservation or gray-water reuse system.
This example shows how wastewater from the shower, bathtub,
washing machine, and bathroom sink is collected and drained into a
holding or storage tank, where it is fltered and disinfected. The treated
water is then pumped to supply the toilets with water for fushing.
This particular system uses ultraviolet light to disinfect the fltered gray
water. Wastewater from the toilet and kitchen sink are connected to
the building drain, which connects to the municipal sewer or individual
septic system.
A clean water-supply line may be provided for cleaning and flling
the service water tank in the event there is not enough wastewater
available. Potable water connections must have appropriate backfow
protection. If the tank receives too much wastewater, the excess is
drained to the sewer drain through a bypass overfow.
Shower and bath 35%
Toilet fushing 30%
Laundry 20%
Kitchen and drinking 10%
General cleaning 5%
3
Figure 1.
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Figure 2.
sizing yOur systeM
Water conservation or gray-water systems range in size from small
ones that supply water to a single toilet within a home, to large
ones that supply water to all of the toilets in a commercial building.
Figure 2 shows a typical residential wastewater reuse system. It is
designed to use wastewater from the bathroom sink to supply fush
water for a single toilet. Many of these single toilet systems are available
as pre-designed units or kits that a homeowner can install after getting
a permit.
Since fushing toilets uses about 30 percent of a households wastewater
stream, water conservation systems only need to recover about 30
percent of the wastewater produced. If you require more water for
fushing toilets, the potable water system will be used to make up the
difference for example, if you have several visitors in your home and
need more water for toilet fushing than bathing and clothes washing.
Alternatively, any additional water supply could be provided by stored
rainwater, saving the potable water supply for other uses. If you
generate more wastewater than you need to fush toilets, the system
will automatically drain the excess to the building sewer through an
overfow pipe.
5
Figure 3.
Because you only need to recover about 30 percent of the wastewater
stream to fush toilets, it may be unnecessary to recover wastewater
from all of your plumbing fxture drains. You may only want to use the
least-contaminated wastewater available such as shower and bathing
water. Laundry rinse water is the next best water for reuse. However,
laundry rinse water may contain lint that can clog flters in your system.
Likewise, lavatory or bathroom sink water may contain hair, toothpaste,
and other debris that will need to be fltered out. Some wastewater
recycling systems do not recommend using bathroom sink water as
very little water is drained from bathroom sinks in comparison to other
plumbing fxtures.
6
shOpping fOr yOur systeM
A variety of water conservation or gray-water reuse systems have been
approved for sale in the United States. Currently, both the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Offcials (IAPMO) and
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) International have set product
standards for water conservation systems. An American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited product-listing agency must list
any water conservation systems installed in Oregon. You may want to
consult with a plumbing contractor on what type of system is best for
your needs.
instAlling yOur systeM
Even though buildings can be retroftted with a water conservation
system, incorporating these systems into new construction is easier
and cheaper.
In Oregon, installing wastewater recycling and treatment systems in
new or existing homes requires a plumbing permit. After you get your
permit, you should follow the manufacturers instructions for installing
your system. If you need more information on general piping, piping
protection and support, proper alignment, fttings, and general
plumbing system regulations consult the 2008 Oregon Plumbing
Specialty Code, which is available online at www.bcd.oregon.gov.
MAintAining yOur systeM
Taking care of a wastewater recycling system is similar to maintaining
a swimming pool or whirlpool spa. Refer to your manufacturers
operating instructions, as each wastewater recycling system has
maintenance requirements. Wastewater can contain pathogens, viruses,
and parasites, as well as oils, fats, salts, and residue from cleaning,
personal care, and pharmaceutical products. Exposure to these
materials can pose health risks and environmental problems.
It is important to think about what goes down the drain when you
have a recycling system. For instance, soap residue in wastewater can
build up in the toilet tank and will need to be removed. Use soaps and
cleansers that the manufacturer of the wastewater system has approved
to ensure optimal functioning. In addition, lint from laundry water may
require you to clean your systems flters more often. Adding a flter at
the washer discharge may be a good solution for some systems.
7
Follow the disinfection process recommended by the manufacturer of
the wastewater treatment system you install. Untreated wastewater
should never be stored for more than 24 hours as it will become septic.
If you are not able to maintain disinfection of the wastewater, discharge
it into the sewer system.
Filters typically should be cleaned every two to three weeks, but the
frequency of cleaning will depend on the type of flter used as well
as what goes down the drain. Always wear gloves and avoid contact
with wastewater when cleaning flters. Because wastewater may
contain pathogens, some flters may require additional cleaning in
a disinfectant.
Many systems need a regular charge of a chemical agent such as
chlorine or bromine. Follow the manufacturers operating instructions.
Pumps and controls may also require service.
All systems require fushing the holding tank two or three times a year.
To fush the tank, the wastewater system needs to be taken offine. If
the system serves several drains in the building, the drains will have
to be put out of service or a by-pass to the sewer opened. The water
in the tank will need to be drained to the sewer and fushed. Always
follow the manufacturers operation instructions.
To ensure optimal function of your gray-water system follow a regular
maintenance schedule and be conscious of what goes down the drain.
For more information on water conservation systems, contact the
chief plumbing inspector for the State of Oregon at 503-373-7488.
Dont forget your plumbing permits. Learn more by going to
www.permitsprotect.info.
8
nOtes
9
nOtes
Department of Consumer & Business Services
Building Codes Division
1535 Edgewater St. NW
P.O. Box 14470
Salem, OR 97309-0404
503-378-4133
www.bcd.oregon.gov
440-0990 (5/09/COM)

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