MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN

TASK 8

Spring 2021
CSE307 MBSD

Submitted by: Shah Raza

Registration No. : 18PWCSE1658
Class Section: B

“On my honor, as student of University of Engineering and Technology, I have neither given
nor received unauthorized assistance on this academic work.”

Student Signature: ______________

Submitted to:
Dr. Bilal Habib
Sunday, June 27, 2021

Department of Computer Systems Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
Task:
In this project you are required to interface a temperature sensor to 89C51 using an ADC as
shown below in figure 1.

If temperature > 35C or below 10C then generate a 100Hz beep using speaker/sound card in Proteus. It
has a 25% duty cycle and verify it using an oscilloscope. Sampling rate of ADC = 1K samples/sec.

Problem Analysis:

LM35 Temperature sensor:

The LM35 temperature sensor can generate voltage for -55 °C to 155 °C.
It has 3 pins. Pin1 is connected to Vcc, Pin2 is connected to ground and Pin 3 is Vout pin, it
generates voltage according to the temperature value.
The formula for Vout is:
Vout = 10mV x Temperature
For example if temperature is 30,
Vout = 10mV x 30
Vout = 300mV
Now this Vout value needs to be Converted to Digital value by ADC.
ADC:
ADC is used for analog to digital conversion. It has an internal Clock which is 640KHz by
default which gives us approximately 9700 samples per sec. But our task requires a sampling rate
of 1K. The minimum internal clock value can be set to 100kHz which gives us 1237 sample/sec
which is approximately equal to 1K.

It has a Vin pin which is connected to Vout pin of LM35. The converted result is send to
Dout(8-bits). The formula for Dout is:
Dout = Vin/Step-size
Since we are getting Vin from LM35 so Vin = Vout(LM35) = 10mV x Temperature.
So, Dout becomes
Dout = (10mV x Temperature)/Step-size.
Now we want step-size such that Dout = Temperature. So, our step-size should be 10mV
Dout = (10mV x Temperature)/10mV
Dout = Temperature
For step-size to be equal to 10mV, Vref/2 should be 1.28V.
Calculation:
Vref/2 = 1.28
Vref = 2.56
Step-size = Vref/255
Step-size = 2.56/255
Step-size = 10mV
This Dout is sent to P1 of 8051 microcontroller, if P1 is less than 10 or it is greater than 36 then
we need to generate a sound of 100Hz with a duty cycle of 25%.
Frequency Time Period(1/f) Duty Cycle ON OFF
100Hz 10 ms 25% 2.5ms 7.5ms

TMOD:

Timer1 Timer0
Gate C/T M1 M0 Gate C/T M1 M0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (Hex= 1)

Timer 0: Used as Timer with mode 1

IE:
EA -- -- ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Timer 0 (Used as timer in Mode 1):

Code:
#include <reg51.h>
#include <stdio.h>

sbit SPK = P3^4; //Speaker is connected to P3.4

sbit RD_n = P3^0; //P3.0 is connected to the RD pin of ADC

sbit WR_n = P3^1; //P3.1 is connected to the WR pin of ADC
sbit INTR = P3^2; //P3.2 is connected to the INTR pin of ADC

sbit RS = P3^7; //P3.7 is connected to the RS pin of LCD

sbit E = P3^6; //P3.6 is connected to the E pin of LCD

unsigned char temperature;

unsigned char i;
unsigned char cmd[] = {0x38,0x01,0x06,0x0C,0x82}; //Command that needs to be sent to
LCD

void delay(unsigned int); //Function of creating Delays

void writecmd(int); //Function that sends commands to LCD
void writedata(char); //Function that writes data to LCD
void convert(unsigned char); //Function that converts the Integer value to char and display it on
LCD
void SetTimer(int,int); //Function that set the TH0 and TL0 values
void Init(void); //Function that initializes the timer values
void StartTimer(void); //Fnction that starts Timer 0
void StopTimer(void); //Function to Stop Timer 0
void Ext0(void); //Function that is called after the ADC is done with conversion

/*Timer 0 interrupt is called when the temperature is less that 10 or greater than 36.
It will generate a Sound of 100Hz with a Duty cycle of 25% to P3.4 */
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
if(SPK ) //if the Speaker is ON
{
SPK = 0; //Turn it OFF
SetTimer(0xE2,0xB3); //Set Delay to 7.5msec
}
else //if the Speaker is OFF
{
SPK = 1; //Turn it ON
SetTimer(0xF6,0x3B); //Set the delay to 2.5msec
}
}
void main(void)
{
SPK = 0; //Turn the Speaker OFF
P1 = 0xFF; //Set P1 as an input Port
P2 = 0x00; //Set P2 as an output Port
INTR = 1; //Set P3.2 as an input pin

for(i = 0;i<5;i++)
{
writecmd(cmd[i]); //Send the Commands to LCD
delay(10); //Give some delay
}

writedata('T');
writedata('e');
writedata('m');
writedata('p');
writedata('e');
writedata('r');
writedata('a');
writedata('t');
writedata('u');
writedata('r');
writedata('e');
writedata(':');

Init(); //Initialize timer values

while (1)
{
RD_n = 1; //Set the RD pin to High
WR_n = 0; //WR = Low
WR_n = 1; //Low-->High
while(INTR==1); //Wait for the ADC to Convert the given voltage
Ext0(); //Call the Ext0 function

}
}

void writedata(char t)
{
RS = 1; // This is data
P2 = t; //Data transfer
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
 delay(150);
}

void writecmd(int z)
{
RS = 0; // This is command
P2 = z; //Data transfer
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
}

void convert(unsigned char value)

{
writecmd(0xc6); //command to set the cursor to 6th position of 2nd line on 16*2 lcd
writedata(((value/100)+48)); //Convert the hundredth place int to char and display on
LCD
writedata((((value/10)%10)+48)); //Convert the tenth place int to char and display on LCD
writedata(((value%10)+48)); //Convert the unit place int to char and display on LCD
writedata(0xDF); //Hex value for displaying the Degree sign
writedata('C'); //Write C to LCD
}

void SetTimer(int xx, int yy)

{
TH0 = xx; //Set the value of TH0 to xx
TL0 = yy; //Set the value of TL0 to yy
}

void Init()
{
TMOD = 0x1; //Timer 0 is Mode 1
EA = 1; //Enable Global interrupt
ET0 = 1; //Enable timer overflow interrupt for timer 0
SetTimer(0xF6,0x3B); //Set the values of TH0 and TL0 for a delay of 2.5ms
}

void StartTimer()
{
TR0 = 1; //Start Timer 0;
}

void StopTimer()
{
TR0 = 0; //Stop Timer 0
}

void delay(unsigned int t)

{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i = 0; i<t;i++)
for(j = 0;j<125;j++);
}

//Ext0 is used for displaying the temperature value to LCD and generating sound at P3.4
void Ext0()
{
RD_n = 0; //Set the RD pin of ADC from HIGH to LOW
//The ADC sends the converted value to P1
temperature = P1; //Store the value at P1 in temperature
convert(temperature); //Display temperature on LCD
if(temperature<10 || temperature>36) //If the is less than 10 or it is greater than 36
{
SPK = 1; //Turn the speaker ON
StartTimer(); //Start the Timer

}
else //if the temperature is in-between 10 and 36
{
if(TR0 == 1) //if the Timer 0 is satarted
{
StopTimer(); //stop the timer
SetTimer(0xF6,0x3B); //Set a delay of 2.5ms
}
SPK = 0; //Turn the Speaker OFF
}

}
Output / Graphs / Plots / Results:
Schematic:

Temperature<10:
Oscilloscope Output:
Since the temperature is less than 10 so a sound of 100Hz with a Duty Cycle 25% will be
generated.

10<Temperature<36:
Oscilloscope Output:
No Signal should be generated in this case so a flat line.

Temperature>36:
Oscilloscope Output:
Since the temperature is greater than 36 so a sound of 100Hz with a Duty Cycle 25% will be
generated.