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Unit 7 Python Programming

The document provides an overview of programming, defining it as the creation of instructions for computers using languages like Python. It discusses programming languages, translators (compilers, interpreters, assemblers), and key concepts in programming such as algorithms, flowcharts, and object-oriented programming principles. Additionally, it highlights Python's features, tokens, variables, operators, and control flow structures.

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g4charter.prajwal
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2 views3 pages

Unit 7 Python Programming

The document provides an overview of programming, defining it as the creation of instructions for computers using languages like Python. It discusses programming languages, translators (compilers, interpreters, assemblers), and key concepts in programming such as algorithms, flowcharts, and object-oriented programming principles. Additionally, it highlights Python's features, tokens, variables, operators, and control flow structures.

Uploaded by

g4charter.prajwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Unit 7: Python

Programming

What is Programming?

Programming is the process of creating instructions for a computer to perform specific


tasks.
Instructions are written in programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and C++.
Example: A program can automate tasks, analyze data, or create software applications.

Programming Languages

A computer program is a set of instructions written in a programming language.


The source code is the human-readable version of the program.
Programming languages are grouped into categories based on features and usage, such
as procedural and object-oriented languages.

Translators

Translators convert human-written source code into machine-readable language.


There are three types of translators:

1. Compiler
Converts the entire source code into machine code before execution.
Faster execution after compilation (e.g., C, Java).
2. Interpreter
Translates and runs code line by line.
Slower than compilers but useful for debugging (e.g., Python).
3. Assembler
Converts assembly language into machine code.

Algorithm and Flowchart

Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure to solve a specific problem.


Example: Recipe instructions or mathematical formulas.
Flowchart: A diagram that visually represents an algorithm using symbols.
Common symbols:
Oval: Start/End
Rectangle: Process/Action
Diamond: Decision-making

Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming


Feature Procedural Object-Oriented

Focus Step-by-step tasks Objects with data &


behavior

Example C, Pascal Python, Java

Structure Functions Classes and Objects

Approach Top-down Bottom-up

OOP Concepts

1. Object: A real-world entity (e.g., a car or a student).


2. Class: A blueprint for creating objects (e.g., Car class with properties like color, speed).
3. Inheritance: Allows a new class to use properties and methods of an existing class (e.g., a
SportsCar inherits from Car).
4. Polymorphism: Same method behaves differently based on the context (e.g., draw() for
different shapes).
5. Abstraction: Hides complex details and shows only the necessary features.
6. Encapsulation: Combines data and methods into a single unit, restricting direct access to
some elements.

Python Programming

Python is a versatile, general-purpose programming language.


Applications: Machine learning, web development, data analysis, and desktop
applications.

Features of Python

Easy-to-read syntax.
Interpreted (code runs directly without compilation).
Supports object-oriented programming.
Extensive libraries for various applications.

Tokens

Tokens are the smallest elements in Python code.


Examples: Keywords (e.g., if, else), Identifiers, Operators, Literals, and Punctuators.

Variables

Variables are symbolic names used to store data.


Rules for declaring variables:
1. Start with a letter or underscore (not a number).
2. Avoid spaces, commas, or special characters.
3. Variables are case-sensitive (name and Name are different).
4. Keywords (e.g., def, return) cannot be used as variable names.

Operators

Symbols that perform operations on variables or values.


Types of operators:
1. Arithmetic: +, -, *, /
2. Relational: ==, <, >
3. Assignment: =, +=, -=
4. Logical: and, or, not

Control Flow of a Program

The order in which program statements are executed.


Types of control structures:
1. Sequential: Default execution line by line.
2. Selection: Decisions using if, elif, else.
3. Repetition: Loops (for, while) for repeating tasks.

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