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    Free Space Opticcs

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    Jyo Thi
    Free-space optical communication (FSO) uses light propagating in free space to transmit data wirelessly. It can transmit data over short to long distances, depending on the technology used and atmospheric conditions. FSO has advantages over wired connections in situations where physical infrastructure is impractical or too expensive, and it has military and space applications as well as uses in devices like remote controls. However, FSO also faces disadvantages like signal degradation over long distances and vulnerability to weather conditions.

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    Free Space Opticcs

    Uploaded by

    Jyo Thi
    27 views2 pages
    Free-space optical communication (FSO) uses light propagating in free space to transmit data wirelessly. It can transmit data over short to long distances, depending on the technology used and atmospheric conditions. FSO has advantages over wired connections in situations where physical infrastructure is impractical or too expensive, and it has military and space applications as well as uses in devices like remote controls. However, FSO also faces disadvantages like signal degradation over long distances and vulnerability to weather conditions.

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    Free-space optical communication (FSO) uses light propagating in free space to transmit data wirelessly. It can transmit data over short to long distances, depending on the technology used and atmospheric conditions. FSO has advantages over wired connections in situations where physical infrastructure is impractical or too expensive, and it has military and space applications as well as uses in devices like remote controls. However, FSO also faces disadvantages like signal degradation over long distances and vulnerability to weather conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    27 views2 pages

    Free Space Opticcs

    Uploaded by

    Jyo Thi
    Free-space optical communication (FSO) uses light propagating in free space to transmit data wirelessly. It can transmit data over short to long distances, depending on the technology used and atmospheric conditions. FSO has advantages over wired connections in situations where physical infrastructure is impractical or too expensive, and it has military and space applications as well as uses in devices like remote controls. However, FSO also faces disadvantages like signal degradation over long distances and vulnerability to weather conditions.

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    Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data

    for telecommunications orcomputer networking. "Free space" means air, outer space, vacuum, or something similar. This contrasts with using solids such as optical fiber cable or an opticaltransmission line. The technology is useful where the physical connections are impractical due to high costs or other considerations.
    Contents
    [hide]

    1 History 2 Usage and technologies 2.1 Visible light communication 3 Applications 4 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links

    [edit]History Optical communications, in various forms, have been used for thousands of years. The Ancient Greeks polished their shields to send signals during battle. In the modern era, semaphores and wireless solar telegraphs called heliographs were developed, using coded signals to communicate with their recipients. In 1880 Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter created the Photophone, at Bell's newly established Volta Laboratory in Washington, DC. Bell considered it his most important invention. The device allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. On June 3, 1880, Bell conducted the world's first wireless telephone transmission between two buildings, some 213 meters apart.[1][2] Its first practical use came in military communication systems many decades later. Carl Zeiss Jena developed the Lichtsprechgert 80 (direct translation: light speaking device) that the German army used in their World War II anti-aircraft defense units.[3]

    The invention of lasers in the 1960s revolutionized free space optics. Military organizations were particularly interested and boosted their development. However the technology lost market momentum when the installation of optical fiber networks for civilian uses was at its peak. Many simple and inexpensive consumer remote controls use low-speed commnication using infrared (IR) light. This known asconsumer IR technologies. [edit]Usage

    and technologies

    Free-space point-to-point optical links can be implemented using infrared laser light, although lowdata-rate communication over short distances is possible using LEDs. Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology is a very simple form of free-space optical communications. Free Space Optics are additionally used for communications between spacecraft. Maximum range for terrestrial links is in the order of 2 to 3 km (1.2 to 1.9 mi),[4] but the stability and quality of the link is highly dependent on atmospheric factors such as rain, fog, dust and heat. Amateur radio operators have achieved significantly farther distances using incoherent sources of light from high-intensity LEDs. One reported 173 miles (278 km) in 2007.[5] However, the low-grade equipment used limited bandwidths to about 4kHz. In outer space, the communication range of free-space optical communication is currently in the order of several thousand kilometers,[6]but has the potential to bridge interplanetary distances of millions of kilometers, using optical telescopes as beam expanders.[7] The distance records for optical communications involved detection and emission of laser light by space probes. A two-way distance record for communication was set by the Mercury laser altimeter instrument aboard the MESSENGER spacecraft. This infrared diodeneodymium laser, designed as a laser altimeter for a Mercury orbit mission, was able to communicate across a distance of 15 million miles (24 million km), as the craft neared Earth on a fly-by in May, 2005. The previous record had been set with a one-way detection of laser light from Earth, by the Galileo probe, as two ground-based lasers were seen from 6 million km by the out-bound probe, in 1992.[8] Secure free-space optical communications have been proposed using a laser N-slit interferometer where the laser signal takes the form of an interferometric pattern. Any attempt to intercept the signal causes the collapse of the interferometric pattern.[9] [10] This technique has been demonstrated to work over propagation distances of practical interest[11] and, in principle, it could be applied over large distances in space.[9]

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