This document analyzes the design of a lifting lug based on various failure modes and code requirements. Seven potential failure modes are considered: tension on both sides of the hole, bearing failure at the pin interface, shear failure as the pin pushes out material, tensile failure as the pin pushes out material, out-of-plane buckling, stresses in welds connecting the lug to the base plate, and stresses in the lug base material. The minimum capacity of the lug is determined to be 3,368 lbs based on stresses in the welds. References on lifting lug design and steel codes are provided.
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This document analyzes the design of a lifting lug based on various failure modes and code requirements. Seven potential failure modes are considered: tension on both sides of the hole, bearing failure at the pin interface, shear failure as the pin pushes out material, tensile failure as the pin pushes out material, out-of-plane buckling, stresses in welds connecting the lug to the base plate, and stresses in the lug base material. The minimum capacity of the lug is determined to be 3,368 lbs based on stresses in the welds. References on lifting lug design and steel codes are provided.
This document analyzes the design of a lifting lug based on various failure modes and code requirements. Seven potential failure modes are considered: tension on both sides of the hole, bearing failure at the pin interface, shear failure as the pin pushes out material, tensile failure as the pin pushes out material, out-of-plane buckling, stresses in welds connecting the lug to the base plate, and stresses in the lug base material. The minimum capacity of the lug is determined to be 3,368 lbs based on stresses in the welds. References on lifting lug design and steel codes are provided.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document analyzes the design of a lifting lug based on various failure modes and code requirements. Seven potential failure modes are considered: tension on both sides of the hole, bearing failure at the pin interface, shear failure as the pin pushes out material, tensile failure as the pin pushes out material, out-of-plane buckling, stresses in welds connecting the lug to the base plate, and stresses in the lug base material. The minimum capacity of the lug is determined to be 3,368 lbs based on stresses in the welds. References on lifting lug design and steel codes are provided.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as xls, pdf, or txt
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By:- Syed Jaffry Aco Milic DESIGN OF LIFTING LUG INPUT Thickness Diameter of hole Dimension a Dimension e Ultimate
steel strength Yeild strength
SNC-LAVALIN
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t= d= a= e= Fu = Fy=
1.25 1.25 1.125 1.125 58 36
inches inches inches inches ksi ksi a
Geometric Guidelines: There are some geometric guidelines to be considered as recommended in Ref 1. They will be called Rule 1 and Rule 2. Rule 1: The dimension "a" must be greater than or equal to half the hole diameter, d. Rule 1: OK
Rule 2: The dimension "e" must be greater than or equal to 0.67 times the hole diameter, d Rule 2: Evaluation based on Failure Mode: Failure Mode 1: This failure mode involves tension failure on both sides of the hole. Ultimate tensile load Factor of safety Pw1=Pu/FS Pu=2.a.t.Fu FS= Pw1= 163.125 kips 5 32.625 kips OK
Failure Mode 2: This Failure mode involves bearing failure at the pin/lifting lug interface. Often the pin diameter is much less than the hole diameter. Let us assume a pin diameter 1/2" less than the hole diameter. Using a bearing stress of 0.9Fy, and a "factor" of 1.8 diameter of pin Pw2=0.9.Fy.t.dpin/1.8 dpin= Pw2= 0.75 inches 16.875 kips
Failure Mode 3: This Failure mode involves shear failure as the pin tries to push out a block of steel through the edge of the lug plate. The shear area is twice the cross-sectional area beyond the hole for the pin.
Pw3=2x0.4.Fy.e.t/1.8
Pw3=
22.500 kips
By:- Syed Jaffry Aco Milic
SNC-LAVALIN
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Failure Mode 4: This failure mode involves tensile failure as the pin tries to push out of a block of steel through the edge of the lug plate. Assume a block of steel 0.8d in length. Pw4=1.67x0.67Fy.e2.t/1.8d Pw4= 28.322 kips
Failure Mode 5: This failure mode involves the out-of-plane buckling failure of the lug. Per Ref. 1, this failure is prevented by ensuring a minimum thickness of lug of 0.5 inches and 0.25 times the hloe diameter d. These are refered to as Rule 3 and Rule 4 here. Rule 3: The thickness of lug is greater than or equal to 0.5 inches
Rule 3:
OK
Rule 4: The thickness is greater than or equal to 0.25 times the hole diameter Rule 4: OK
AISC Code Checks per Section D3.2: The D3.2 section of AISC code has three separate geometry checks that can be applied to the lifting lug. If these requirements are not met, a smaller value for "a" should be used for the calculation of tensile capacity.
Requirement 1: This requirement states that the minimum net area beyond the pin hole, parallel to the axis of the member (A1), shall not be less than 2/3 of the net area across the pin hole (A2). A1=t.e A2=2.a.t Compare A1 and A2 A1>=2/3xA2 1.40625 in2 2.8125 in2 Not satisfiedreduced 'a' dimension will be used to find tensile capacity 0.84375 inches
Reduced dimension 'a'
aeff=
Requirement 2: This requirement states that the distance transverse to the axis of a pin-connected plate from the edge of the pin hole to the edge of the member, that is dimension 'a' shall not exceed 4 times the thickness at the pin hole.
By:- Syed Jaffry Aco Milic
SNC-LAVALIN
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4xt>a
OK
aeff
1.125 inches
Requirement 3: This requirement states that the diameter of the pin hole shall not be less than 1.25 times distance from the edge of pin hole to the edge of plate 'a'. d>1.25.a Not satisfiedreduced 'a' dimension will be used to find tensile capacity
Reduced dimension 'a'
aeff=
1 inches
Tensile capacity based on these 3 requirements Use minimum aeff Pw5=2.aeffx0.45.Fy.t/1.8 aeff Pw5 0.84375 inches 18.984 kips
Weld between Lug and Base Plate: This is typically the weakest link in the overhead lifting lug, due to off-set loading. In general, the lug is rarely directly over the item to be rigged. Conservatively, let us assume that the off-set is a maximum of 45 degrees in the plane of the lug and 20 degress normal to the plane of the lug. The additional loads due to off-set can be determined by statics to be as follows:
By:- Syed Jaffry Aco Milic
SNC-LAVALIN
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W tan a b deg a deg W
W tan b
Load Length of weld along lug thickness Lever arm Length of weld along lug width
W= tw= l= w=
3367.571 1.25 2 3.5
lbs inches inches inches
a b tan a tan b fmax (for 3/8 inch weld)
45 deg 20 deg 1 0.36397 1694 lbs/in From Table 3.24 of Steel Handbook, for 3/8 inche weld factored shear resistance is 5710 lbs/in. Divided by a factor of safety of 1.8 we get 1694 lbs/in. (Ref. 4)
f1 f2 f3 Resultant of f1, f2 and f3 Difference resultant and fmax
In order to find Pw6, the difference between the resultant and fmax should be zero. To get this, go to Tools menu and click on Goal Seek. You will get the following window. Fill in as shown below and click OK
Pw6=
3.368 kips
By:- Syed Jaffry Aco Milic
SNC-LAVALIN
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Lug Base Material: The analysis is similar to the weld above except that there is no interaction between tension and shear. The capacity is based on the maximum tensile stress at the base of the lug. Load fmax=0.75.Fy/1.8 Lug width f1 Difference between f1 and fmax W= fmax= lw=2.a+d 8283.176 lbs 15 kips 3.5 inches 15000 lbs 0
In order to find Pw7, the difference between f1 and fmax should be zero. To get this, go to Tools menu and click on Goal Seek. You will get the following window. Fill in as shown below and click OK
Pw7 CONCLUSION: Pw1= Pw2= Pw3= Pw4= Pw5= Pw6= Pw7= Capacity will be minimum of these
If additional capacity is desired, the angles a and b can be restricted as needed to increase the capcity of the lug. References: 1. David T. Ricker, "Design and Construction of Lifting Beams", Engineering Journal, 4th Quarter, 1991. 2. AISC Manual of steel Construction (ASD), 9th edition, 1989. 3. Omer Blodgett, "Design of Welded Structures", 1966. 4. CISC Handbook of Steel Construction, 1997. Notes: 1. As discussed in Ref. 1, using a factor of 1.8 on AISC allowables results in a factor of safety of 5 for A36 steel. This is in line with ASME B30.20 which required a design factor of 3 on yield strength and ANSI N14.6 which requires a design factor of 3 on yield strength and 5 on ultimate strength. This is also in line with the load ratings for other components of the lifting assembly such as slings, shackles, etc.
By:- Syed Jaffry 6 of 6 SNC-LAVALIN Aco Milic 1. As discussed in Ref. 1, using a factor of 1.8 on AISC allowables results in a factor of safety of 5 for A36 steel. This is in line with ASME B30.20 which required a design factor of 3 on yield strength and ANSI N14.6 which requires a design factor of 3 on yield strength and 5 on ultimate strength. This is also in line with the load ratings for other components of the lifting assembly such as slings, shackles, etc.
