Atomic Structure BW
Atomic Structure BW
Atomic Structure BW
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proton
neutron
electron
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electrical charge.
Particle proton neutron electron Mass 1 1 almost 0 Charge +1 0 -1
The atoms of an element contain equal numbers of protons and electrons and so have no overall charge.
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11 26 50
iron
tin
fluorine
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radioactive decay
nuclear bombs
nuclear reactors.
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The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus is the mass number. It is the larger of the two numbers shown in most periodic tables.
Atoms hydrogen lithium aluminium
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Protons 1 3 13
Neutrons 0 4 14
Mass number 1
7
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Atoms
helium copper
Protons
2 29 27 53
Neutrons
2 35 32 74
Mass number
4 64 59 127
cobalt
iodine
germanium
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32
41
73
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helium
fluorine strontium zirconium uranium
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4
19 88 91 238
2
9 38 40 92
Building a nucleus
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helium
copper iodine
Atomic number is the number of protons rather than the number of electrons, because atoms can lose or gain electrons but do not normally lose or gain protons.
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2nd shell 3rd shell Note that this diagram is not drawn to scale the atom is mostly empty space. If the electrons are the size shown, the nucleus would be too small to see.
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Which element?
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What is an isotope?
Elements are made up of one type of atom, but there can be slightly different forms of the atoms in an element.
Although atoms of the same element always have the same number of protons, they may have different numbers of neutrons.
Atoms that differ in this way are called isotopes. For example, two isotopes of carbon: mass number is different atomic number is the same
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Properties of isotopes
The isotopes of an element are virtually identical in their chemical reactions. This is because they have the same number of protons and the same number of electrons. The uncharged neutrons make little difference to chemical properties but do affect physical properties such as melting point and density.
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deuterium
1 proton 1 neutrons 1 electron
tritium
1 proton 2 neutrons 1 electron
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18 neutrons
17 electrons
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8 protons
10 neutrons
8 electrons
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Glossary (1/2)
element A substance made up of only one type of atom. isotopes Different atoms of the same element. They
have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons.
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Glossary (2/2)
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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