The Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment in Disaster (REA) is a tool to identify, define, and prioritize potential environmental impacts

in disaster situations. A simple, consensus-based qualitative assessment process, involving narratives and rating tables, is used to identify and rank environmental issues and follow-up actions during a disaster. The REA is built around conducting simple analysis of information in the following areas: The general context of the disaster. Disaster related factors which may have an immediate impact on the environment. Possible immediate environmental impacts of disaster agents. Unmet basic needs of disaster survivors that could lead to adverse impact on the environment. Potential negative environmental consequences of relief operations.

The REA is designed for natural, technological or political disasters, and as a best practice tool for effective disaster assessment and management. The REA does not replace an EIA, but fills a gap until an EIA is appropriate. A REA can be use from shortly before a disaster up to 120 days after a disaster begins, or for any major stage-change in an extended crisis. The REA does not provide answers as to how to resolve environmental problems. It does provide sufficient information to allow those responding to a disaster to formulate common sense solutions to most issues identified. Where solutions are not evident, the REA provides sufficient information to request technical assistance or to advocate action by a third party. The REA contributes to activity and environmental M&E, but does not replace a formal M&E system. The REA does not require expert knowledge. Primary REA users are people directly involved in disaster response operations, with a basic knowledge of the disaster management process but no background in environmental issues. The REA process can be used by disaster survivors with appropriate support. The best results are expected to come when the REA is completed with structured input from survivors and organizations providing relief assistance. Sections of the REA can also be used for needs assessment and environmental impact screening during relief project design and review.

REA Modules and Outcomes

Module Outcomes

Organization Level
Assessment Community Level Assessment Consolidation and

Identification of critical environmental issues related to the disaster from the perspective of organizations providing relief and recovery assistance.
Identification of critical environmental issues related to the disaster from the perspective of communities and groups affected by a disaster. An identification and prioritization of environmentallylinked issues involving significant immediate threat to lives, well being and the environment.

Analysis Green Review A screening of the procurement of relief commodities of Relief and services to minimize negative environmental Procurement impacts.

Normal & Disaster Environmental Assessments

Normal Conditions Considerable lead time Legal requirement often exists (country &/or donor) Deliberate & pro-active Will take time, be thorough & extensive: comprehensive data collection No project option is a possible outcome Location chosen Duration planned Beneficiary population identifiable & static Environmental goals may be made compatible with socioeconomic ones Disasters Sudden onset Rarely a legal requirement but some donor may ask for it Reactive May need to be partial in coverage No project outcome is not an option Unpredictable location Uncertain duration Beneficiary population heterogeneous & dynamic Priority given to life saving activities sometime difficult to reconcile with environmental goals

NEED FOR REIA

Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the environment. More often it is harmful to the environment than benign. However, mankind as it is developed today cannot live without taking up these activities for his food, security and other needs. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize developmental activities with the environmental concerns. Environmental impact assessment (REIA) is one of the tools available with the planners to achieve the above-mentioned goal. It is desirable to ensure that the development options under consideration are sustainable. In doing so, environmental consequences must be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project design. The objective of REIA is to foresee the potential environmental problems that would arise out of a proposed development and address them in the project's planning and design stage. The REIA process should then allow for the communication of this information to: o The project proponent; o The regulatory agencies; and, o All stakeholders and interested groups. REIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities right at the time of initiating for preparing the feasibility report. In doing so it can facilitate the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. REIA can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design.

THE REIA PROCEDURES

The REIA process comprises of the following phases: o Screening o Scoping and consideration of alternatives (ToR) o Baseline data collection o Impact prediction o Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures and environmental impact statement o Environment Management Plan o Decision making o Monitoring the clearance conditions

A)PROJECT DETAILS
The products manufactured and proposed to be manufactured along with their capacities are shown in following table.
Sr. No. Name of the Product Existing Capacity, MT/Month Additional Capacity, MT/Month Total Capacity, MT/Month

Product Required Environmental Clearance

1
2 3 4 5

Vinyl Sulphone
Sulphonation of PNT,ONT,VS, Tobias & Other Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride DASDA V.S Condense

500
0 0 0 0

4000
1500 1500 1000 1000

4500
1500 1500 1000 1000

6
7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Dimethyl Sulfate (DMS)

Dimethyl Aniline (DMA) Diethyl Sulfate (DES) Sulfamic Acid Power Plant (Coal) Product do not required Environmental Clearance Sulphuric Acid (98%) Oleum (23% & 65%) Liquid SO3 ( 70-90%) Chloro Sulphonic Acid Thionyl Chloride Sodium Bisulphite (SBS) Calcium Chloride Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP)

100
0 0 0 2.5 MW (FO)

3000
1500 1500 1000 10 MW (Coal)

3100
1500 1500 1000 12.5 MW (FO&Coal) 22500 3000 7500 16200 5000 3000 4000 1500

7500 0 0 1200 0 0 0 0

15000 3000 7500 15000 5000 3000 4000 1500

9 10 11

Sulphur Monochloride Sulphuryl Chloride Aluminum Sulphate (ALUM)

0 0 0

200 200 1000

200 200 1000

1)FUEL/ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
o Source: Paschim Gujarat Vidyut Company Ltd.

o The maximum demand of power is 10,000 KVA , No Additional Power required

o Proposed : Fuel for Boiler (Power Plant-10 MW) : Coal 10 MTD o Existing: Fuel for Boiler (Power Plant- 2.5 MW) : F.O - 850 LIT/HR

2) WATER REQUIREMENT
o Total Water Requirement: 1516.5 KLD o Source: GWIL (Gujarat Water Infrastructure Limited Narmada Water Pipeline) o Wastewater Generation : o Sewage Generation : 486 KLD 30 KL

3) UTILITY REQUIREMENT
o Cooling Tower o Boiler for Power Plant 2.5 MW Existing o Boiler for Power Plant 10 MW Proposed

B)BASELINE ENVIRONMENT
Baseline Environment incorporates the description of the various existing environmental settings within the area encompassed by a circle of 10 km radius around the proposed project site. A total of 14 villages fall in the specified study area. The study area comes under Anjar, Bhachau & Gandhidham Taluka .

1) DEMOGRAPHIC & SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

1.1) Population
o Total Population : 37717 , Male: 20588 & Female: 17129 o The density of population within 10.0 km radius of the project site per Sq km is 114. o The percentages of male and female population are 55 %& 45% respectively. o The population of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes is 7.54 % & 11.19% respectively. o Sex Ratio 832 Female / 1000 Male

1.2 )Literacy
o Total Literacy Level is 29.94%, Male Literacy: 38.04% & Female Literacy: 20.21%

1.3) Occupational Structure

This wide diversity in occupational structure may be broadly categorized as working and non-working population. Total Main Workers: 13101, Total Marginal Workers: 1411 & Total Non Workers: 23205. In Rural, majority of the people are engaged in agricultural activities, forestry and allied activities.

2 )LANDUSE
The land use within the study area has been determined. The study area contains of forestland, irrigated agricultural land, unirrigated agricultural land, cultivable wasteland and area not available for cultivation. 14 villages fall within 10.0 km radius from the project site. The total area studied is about 32964 hectares.

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5

Type Of Land use Forest Irrigated by source Unirrigated Culturable waste land Area not available for cultivation Total

Area, Ha 23 391 19446 4385 8836 33081

3) PUBLIC AMNETIES
3.1) Water Supply
Most of the villages in the study area are provided with Basic civic amenities. Water supply source in the villages within the study area is ground water, Water in the form of Well Water, Tap Water, Tank Water, Tube well, River Water, Nallah, Canal, Hand pumps, etc.

3.2) Transportation & Communication

The Study area has a well connected road network. (NH-8A) joining AnjarBhachau-Ahmedabad. Gandhidham is nearest railway station and the city is connected through Western Railway & State Highway.

3.3) Electricity
Electricity is supplied to all main and remote places for various needs such as domestic, industrial and agricultural requirements

3.4) Health, Medical and Educational Facility

Various Health & Medical facilities available within study area are Community Health Worker, Family Planning Centre, Primary Health Centre, Child Welfare Centre, Dispensary & Subsidized Medical Practitioner.

3.5) Educational Facility

The study area has facilities of primary /secondary high school. Gandhidham is the nearest city where all kind of educational institution is available.

4) AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient air was sampled at five locations selected and each station was sampled for 24 hours continuously twice a week. Parameters monitored were PM10, NOx, SO2, HCl, Cl2 & VOC. Ambient air was found to be within the prescribed regulatory limits. Within Study area the average Ambient air quality is shown below: PM10 : 43.7 55.2 g/m3 , HCl :0.2 5.3 g/m3 SOx : 17.7 23.2 g/m3 , Cl2 :0.4 2.8 g/m3,

NOx : 11.5 12.6 g/m3, VOC :0.1-2.9 g/m3

5) WATER & HYDROLOGY

The source of water for the proposed project is Narmada Pipeline Project ( GWIL). No ground water will be utilized for the project activities. Water in this area is generally encountered at a depth of 300 feet below the ground level.

6) SOIL GEOLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY

The geology of the study area consists of Alluvium, Blown sand, millolite sand, Basalts andesite, trachyte flows, Laterite, Bauxite, Gypsiferous clays and Sandy limestone, Sandstones and shales.

7) NOISE
Noise levels within the site boundary are recorded to be within the limits stipulated by regulatory agencies for industrial areas. The equivivalent Noise level during day time and Night time within study area are shown below: During Day Time: 63.9 69.3 dB(A) During Night time: 55.1 61.4 dB(A)

8) FLORA & FAUNA

The flora in the study area are Neem, Gulmohur, Babool, Khair, Guava, Bel, Pappaya. Various fruit giving flora species alike Papaya, Bore are also seen within study area. The predominant agricultural crops grown in the study area are Bajara, and Castor, Jeera. There are no endangered/endemic flora species and faunal species within the study area.

C)ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS
1) Ambient air
The sources of Air Emission from the Industrial Boiler & Power Plant Stack, Process emissions from various plant viz Sulphuric Acid, CSA, CaCl2, DASDA etc. The flue gas emission from Industrial Boiler will be released through filter bags to stack with adequate height. The process vents from the reaction tanks are attached to the scrubber before releasing to the atmosphere.

2 )Water resources
Water requirement will be met from GWIL (Gujarat Water Infrastructure Limited) Water Supply. The quantity of water required is to the tune of 1516.5 KLD. The wastewater & sewage is being treated together in the scientifically designed effluent treatment plant.

3 )Noise levels
Noise will be generated from the process equipments & Power plant.

4) Soil/Land quality
KCIL will take all precautions to make its solid waste areas impervious to water and leachate migration. This will avoid soil contamination. It follows that soil quality will not be adversely impacted by proposed production activity. The unit is existing and expansion will be done in the existing premises only and hence no change in land use.

D)ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An environment management plan has been proposed to implement the mitigation measures. The plan will ensure that the adverse environmental impacts are minimized and the beneficial impacts are maximized.

1) Cooling Tower & Boiler:

The requirement of cooling water (make up -740 KLD) and Boiler make-up( make-up: 60KLD). The blow down will be directly taken to the effluent treatment plant for treatment and disposal.

2) Domestic Utilities
The sewage will be treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant together with the effluent.

3) Industrial Effluent
The industrial effluent is being given treatment in the well designed effluent treatment plant within premises and finally utilized for fire fighting, greenbelt and other use.

4) Air Pollution Management

The source of emission i.e. Flue Gas Emission from Industrial Boiler (Power Plant), The flue gas emission will be released through fiber glass filter bags to contain particulate matter and then stack having adequate stack height. The process emission from the various reaction vessel of the man tanks will be taken to the scrubber before releasing it to the atmosphere.

5) Solid and hazardous waste management

The solid and hazardous wastes requiring management are listed in the following table. These wastes will be stored separately in Hazardous waste storage area.
Sr. No. 1 Type of Hazardous Waste ETP Sludge Existing MT/Month 5 Hazardous Additional Total Waste MT/Month MT/Month Category 40 45 34.3 Storage & Disposal Collection, Storage , Transporation & Disposal to TSDF Collection, Storage , Transporation & Disposal to TSDF Collection, Storage , Transporation & Disposal to TSDF Collection, Storage, Incineration Collection, Storage , Transporation & Disposal to TSDF Collection, Storage, Transporation & Sell to Authorised Reprocessors Collection, Storage, Transporation & Sell to Authorised Vendor

Process Sludge from DCP

Process Sludge from CaCl2 Distillation Residue Incineration Ash

50

50

266

266

4 5

2.4 144

1 0

3.4 144

20.3 36.2

6 7

Used Oil/Spent Oil Empty Drums/Container

2 25 Nos.

0.5 175 Nos.

2.5 200 Nos.

5.1 33.3

6) Green Belt Development

Green belt development (Total Area Available= 24750 m2) within & outside the industrial premises is planned. This will reduce noise levels and dust levels by acting as a barrier between the outside environment and the inside environment of the premises.

7) Monitoring schedule
A detailed monitoring schedule has been prepared to ensure effectiveness of the environmental management plan.

8) Expenditure for environmental activities

KCIL proposed to spend 60.2 lacs as capital expenditure on environmental management. The recurring cost shall be Rs. 19 lacs per annum.

D)CONCLUSION
The study brings out the following points: 1. The flue gas emission from Industrial Boiler will be passed through Cyclone and Dust bags and finally released in to the atmosphere. The stack with adequate height as per CPCB norms will be provided . 2. The wastewater generated is being treated in scientifically designed Effluent Treatment Plant. The treated wastewater will be finally utilized for greenbelt, firefighting and other reuse option. 3. The noise generation will be reduced due to the measure provided in Environmental Management Plan. 4. The Risk associated have been identified by conducting Risk Assessment, HAZOP and recommendations of the same will be implemented. Moreover On Site Emergency Plan has also been prepared to tackle the emergency when it arises. 5. Socio-economic benefits due to creation of direct / indirect employment. An additional of 100 nos. of person is likely to get employment due to the project. Moreover due to the project other direct and indirect business will get benefited. Thus, it can be concluded on a positive note that after the implementation of the mitigation measures and Environmental Management Plan the normal operation of M/s. Kutch Chemical Industries Limited, will have negligible impact on environment and will benefit the local people.