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    Overview of Heat Pump Technologies

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    slobo187
    The document provides an overview of multiple circuit heat pump technologies. It describes heat pumps that have multiple circuits that can operate in heating only, cooling only, or heating and cooling modes simultaneously and independently. It also describes heat pumps that can recover heat to simultaneously produce hot and cold water. Heat pumps with partial or total heat recovery are discussed, along with their advantages like simultaneous hot and cold water production from a single unit. Commercial heat pump products and their performance are shown. Energy balances of heat pumps with gas engines or electric motors are also presented.

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    Overview of Heat Pump Technologies

    Uploaded by

    slobo187
    212 views59 pages
    The document provides an overview of multiple circuit heat pump technologies. It describes heat pumps that have multiple circuits that can operate in heating only, cooling only, or heating and cooling modes simultaneously and independently. It also describes heat pumps that can recover heat to simultaneously produce hot and cold water. Heat pumps with partial or total heat recovery are discussed, along with their advantages like simultaneous hot and cold water production from a single unit. Commercial heat pump products and their performance are shown. Energy balances of heat pumps with gas engines or electric motors are also presented.

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    Overview of Heat Pump Technologies

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    The document provides an overview of multiple circuit heat pump technologies. It describes heat pumps that have multiple circuits that can operate in heating only, cooling only, or heating and cooling modes simultaneously and independently. It also describes heat pumps that can recover heat to simultaneously produce hot and cold water. Heat pumps with partial or total heat recovery are discussed, along with their advantages like simultaneous hot and cold water production from a single unit. Commercial heat pump products and their performance are shown. Energy balances of heat pumps with gas engines or electric motors are also presented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    212 views59 pages

    Overview of Heat Pump Technologies

    Uploaded by

    slobo187
    The document provides an overview of multiple circuit heat pump technologies. It describes heat pumps that have multiple circuits that can operate in heating only, cooling only, or heating and cooling modes simultaneously and independently. It also describes heat pumps that can recover heat to simultaneously produce hot and cold water. Heat pumps with partial or total heat recovery are discussed, along with their advantages like simultaneous hot and cold water production from a single unit. Commercial heat pump products and their performance are shown. Energy balances of heat pumps with gas engines or electric motors are also presented.

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    TOP-UIC

    Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering

    An overview of heat pump technologies

    Multiple circuit Heat Pumps


    Heat pumps with multiple circuits, each of which is capable of operating in three different configurations: Heating only Cooling only Heating and Cooling

    Multiple circuit Heat Pumps


    Advantages: Heat recovery Simultaneous and independent production of hot and cold water Load matching No seasonal changeover required

    COOLING ONLY

    EVAPORATORE

    HEATING ONLY

    HEATING + COOLING

    CIRCUIT 2 COOLING ONLY

    CIRCUIT 1 HEATING + COOLING

    CIRCUIT 2 HEATING ONLY

    CIRCUIT 1 HEATING + COOLING

    COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
    (air-cooled condenser with axial fans)
    HRAQ

    W R AQ

    SRAQ

    50

    100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

    Cooling power kW

    HRAQ (2 scroll compressors)

    HRAQ (4 scroll compressors)

    BE/SRHQ (screw compressors)

    BE/SRHQ (screw compressors)

    Heat pumps with total heat recovery


    Summer operation: Chilled water production on primary circuit. Chilled water production on primary circuit + hot water on recovery circuit. Hot water production only on recovery circuit.

    CHILLED WATER ONLY ON PRIMARY CIRCUIT

    CHILLED WATER ON PRIMARY CIRCUIT + HOT WATER ON RECOVERY

    HOT WATER ONLY ON RECOVERY CIRCUIT

    Heat pumps with total heat recovery


    Winter operation: Hot water production on primary circuit Hot water production on recovery circuit Hot water production on both circuits (multi-compressor units only)

    HOT WATER ON PRIMARY CIRCUIT

    HOT WATER ON RECOVERY CIRCUIT

    HOT WATER ON PRIMARY CIRCUIT (compressor 1)

    HOT WATER ON RECOVERY CIRCUIT (compressor 2)

    Heat pumps with total heat recovery


    Primary circuit produces either hot (winter) or cold (summer) water: seasonal changeover required Hot water production on recovery circuit always possible (indipendently on primary circuit use). Priority operation may be selected (hot water on primary or recovery circuit).

    Advantages of heat pumps with total heat recovery


    Simultaneous production of chilled and hot water in a single unit Heat recovery linked to chilled water production (typically summer operation)

    Heat pumps with partial heat recovery


    Recovered heat: generally comparable to the energy input to the compressors. High-temperature hot water production. Hot water production strictly linked to chilled water production on the primary circuit.

    Water-loop HP system

    Water-to-water reversible heat pump with lake water


    The heat pump system is installed in the Information Center part of the ENEA research laboratory of Brasimone, Camugnano (BO) The building volume (about 1750 m3) is heated and cooled with fan-coil + primary air HVAC system

    Heat pump characteristics

    Tonon Forty s.p.a. EPH 58-2 Cooling power 60 kW Heating power 68 kW

    AHU

    FAN COILS

    HEAT PUMP

    LAKE

    Monthly average COP as a function of outdoor temperature


    4,5 4 3,5 3
    C.O.P.

    30 25 20 15 [ C ] 10 5 0 Maggio Giugno C.O.P. Luglio Agosto Settembre

    2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0

    Outdoor temperature

    Specific supplied energy as a function of outdoor temperature


    Supplied energy
    210 190

    [ kJ / m^3]

    170 150 130 110 90 20,00

    21,00

    22,00

    23,00

    24,00

    25,00

    26,00

    27,00

    28,00

    29,00

    30,00

    Outdoor temperature [C]

    Evolution of refrigeration compressors for AC applications

    Piston compressors
    1965 1990

    Screw compressors
    1990

    PARTIAL COP (ARI Standard) COP AILOAD CARICHI PARZIALI - ARI STD
    13 12 11 10 9

    DUAL + INVERTER MONO + INVERTER

    COP

    DUAL
    7 6

    MONO
    5 4 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

    % POTENZA FRIGORIFERA

    Turbocor centrifugal compressor


    - Magnetic bearings - Oil-free - Inverter control

    IPLV (Integrated Partial Load Value)


    IPLV = (FA x A ) + (FB x B ) + (FC x C ) + ( FD x D )

    FX indicates the time fraction for which the chiller operates at X% load (e.g.: FA = 0.17; FB = 0.39; FC = 0.33; FC = 0.11) The corresponding Energy Efficiency Ratio values are: A = EER at 100% load B = EER at 75% load C = EER at 50% load D = EER at 25% load

    IC engine-driven heat pumps


    IC Engine-driven heat pumps are units in which the electric motor is replaced by a gas-fired engine directly coupled with the compressor Generally the compressor is of the open type Hybrid solutions (engine + alternator + semihermetic compressors) are globally less efficient

    IC engine-driven heat pumps


    The strong point of this solution is the presence of: primary circuit producing a hot water (at about 45C) in winter and chilled water in summer secondary circuit producing high-temperature hot water (at about 70 C) from engine cooling, which can be used separatley for SHW production or can be integrated with the primary heat production

    Summer operation SHW off

    SHW

    Summer operation SHW on

    SHW

    Winter operation SHW off

    Winter operation SHW on

    Power output control may be achieved: by continuous variation of engine speed by partializing the compressor at engine constant speed This units are particularly convenient where frequent defrosting cycles are required (the engine provides the heat necessary for defrosting with no penalty on cooling power) Noise emission is comparable to a standard electrical HP (i.e. 80 dB(A) at 1 m)

    Energy balance HP with IC engine


    Er =50

    Ep = 100

    Em =30

    Ecf =96

    Eu =146

    ENGINE

    HEAT PUMP

    P = 20

    Ep = primary energy input (fuel) P = engine losses (including exhaust gases) Em = mechanical energy input at compressor shaft Ecf = cooling energy output (HP COP = 3.2) Er = thermal energy recovered from engine cooling Eu = useful energy output

    Energy balance HP with electric motor


    Pme = 5

    Ep = 100

    Eem = 35

    Ecf = Eu = 96

    POWER PLANT

    HEAT PUMP

    Pce = 60

    Ep = primary energy input (fuel) Pd = 5 Pce = electric roduction losses Pd = transmission losses Eem = electric energy input to compressor Pme = electric motor losses Ecf = Eu = useful energy output (cooling) (HP COP = 3.2)

    IC ENGINE

    OPEN COMPRESSOR

    PRIMARY CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER

    HEAT RECOVERY

    IC ENGINE

    OPEN COMPRESSOR

    REDUCTOR

    JOINT

    R.S.A. - Torino

    Mole Antonelliana - Torino

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