Example 6 - Cal Supply Air Quantity FCU
Example 6 - Cal Supply Air Quantity FCU
Example 6 - Cal Supply Air Quantity FCU
DATA:
Indoor condition all year - 22oC dB temperature, 50% saturation.
Outdoor condition summer - 28oC dB temperature, 80% saturation.
Outdoor condition winter - -3oC dB temperature, 80% saturation.
Maximum occupancy - 1000 people.
ADP of the cooling coil - 8oC
Fresh air requirement - 12 l/s/person
Supply air rate - 8 air changes per hour.
Frost off coil temperature - 7oC.
Latent heat gain - 40 W/person
Sensible heat gain in summer - 100 W/person + 20.5 kW fabric, lights, solar &
ventilation gains.
Sensible heat loss in winter - 20 W/m3 air volume (estimated)
Fresh Air Flow Rate
Fresh air rate = 12 l/s/p x 1000 people = 12,000 l/s = 12.0 m3/s
The specific volume at the outside condition may be determined from a psychrometric
chart.
It is approximately 0.88 m3/kg.
Mass flow rate = Volume flow rate / specific volume
Mass flow rate (Fresh Air) = 12.0 / 0.88 = 13.64 kg/s.
The ventilation supply air rate is taken from table B2.3 and is given as 8 air changes per
hour; the mass flow rate can be calculated.
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = Volume of room (m3) x air change rate (ac/h)
Volume of room (m3) = 40 x 20 x 8 = 6400 m3
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 6400 (m3) x 8 (ac/h)
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 51,200 m3/h
Volume flow rate (m3/s) = 51,200 / 3600 = 14.22 m3/s.
Mass flow rate = Volume flow rate / specific volume
The specific volume at the supply condition may be approximated at this stage from a
psychrometric chart. It can be taken as 0.834 m3/kg.
Mass flow rate (Supply Air) = 14.22 / 0.834 = 17.05 kg/s.
Heat Loss
In this example the supply air temperature will be found by rearranging the following
formula:
Hs = ma x Cp ( tr - ts )
where:
Hs = Sensible heat gain to room (kW)
ma = mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air (approx.1.01 kJ/kg degC)
tr = room temperature (oC)
ts = supply air temperature (oC)
Rearranging the above formula gives:
( tr - ts ) = Hs / ( ma x Cp )
( tr - ts ) = 120.5 / ( 17.05 x 1.01 )
( tr - ts ) = 7.0 deg.C, since tr = 22oC, ts = 22 - 7.0 = 15.0 oC
ts = 15 oC
The processes can now be plotted on a psychrometric chart as shown below.
1. Points O, M and R can be shown on the chart.
2. Point ADP can be indicated and lines drawn between these points as shown.
3. The room ratio line can be drawn.
4. Point S is then shown on the chart, on the room ratio line at 18 oC.
5. A horizontal line is then drawn from point S towards the line O – ADP.
6. Point W can then be found where the horizontal line W - S intersects the line O -
ADP.
Cooling Coil Contact Factor
On a full size psychrometric chart the length of the line from point M to point ADP is
116mm.
The distance from point M to point W is 107mm.
The cooling coil contact factor is
therefore:
The specific enthalpies are shown below.
Reheater Battery Output in Summer
The heater battery or reheater output is as follows:
H heater battery = ma ( hS - hW)
where:
H heater battery = Heater battery output (kW)
ma = mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
hS = specific enthalpy at condition S (kJ/kg)
determined from psychrometric chart.
hW = specific enthalpy at condition W (kJ/kg)
determined from psychrometric chart.
The specific enthalpies at points W and S are shown on the psychrometric Chart
above.
H heater battery = 17.05 ( 34 - 28)
H heater battery = 102.3 kW
Winter Calculations & Process
Winter Cycle Psychrometrics
The processes can now be plotted on a psychrometric chart as shown below.
1. Points O, M, P and R can be shown on the chart.
2. Join points O and P and P and R.
3. Find the mix point M
The line measures 81mm long.
81 x 0.8 = 65 mm , the distance from point M to R is 65mm.
4. The room ratio is 0.76 from previous calculation. Draw RRL.
5. Find the supply air dry bulb temperature by calculation.
Supply Air Temperature by Calculation
The temperature of supply air is calculated from the following formula:
Hs = ma x Cp ( ts - tr )
where:
Hs = Sensible heat loss from room (kW)
ma = mass flow rate of air (kg/s) same as summer
rate for constant volume systems.
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air
(approx.1.01 kJ/kg degC)
tr = room temperature (oC)
ts = supply air temperature(oC)
( ts - tr ) = Hs / ma x Cp
( ts - tr ) = 128 / 17.05 x 1.01
( ts - tr ) = 7.43 deg.C
ts = 22 + 7.43 deg.C
ts = 29.43 oC say 29.5 oC.
6. Plot the condition H at 29.5oC dB. on a horizontal line from M.
7. Plot condition S on a vertical line from H on the RRL.
Assume the humidity process is vertical.