Gas Cargoes
Gas Cargoes
Gas Cargoes
A liquefied gas is the liquid form of a substance which at normal ambient temperatures & atmospheric pressure, would be a gas. LPG the generic term for propane, butane & mixtures of the two. LPG obtained from
Crude oil processing in refineries Chemical plant by-products
Ship Types
LPG / LEG / Chemical gases
Semi-pressurised ships Spherical tanks Cylindrical tanks Lobe tanks
Ship Types
LPG / LEG / LNG
Fully refrigerated ships Spherical tanks Membrane tanks Semi-membrane tanks Independent tanks Integral tanks
Semi-Refrigerated LPG
Semi-Refrigerated LPG
Semi-Refrigerated LPG
Membrane Tank
Type 2G
Designed with significant preventative measures
Type 2PG
As above but LOA < 150m, tanks designed for > 7 bar pressure and above 550
Type 3G
Designed with moderate preventative measures
Ship Arrangements
Gas-Dangerous Spaces
Spaces where gas-safe conditions are not assured Enclosed spaces outside cargo area containing cargo piping Cargo containment systems and piping Hold spaces Pump rooms & compressor rooms
Ship Arrangements
Gas-Dangerous Zones
Zone on the open deck within 3m of: Cargo tank outlet Vapour outlet Cargo pipe flange Cargo pipe valve Entrances or vents to pump or compressor rooms
Ship Arrangements
Gas-Dangerous Zones
Open deck over cargo areas 3m fwd & aft of cargo areas on open deck 2.4m above weather deck Within 2.4m of exposed cargo containment system Spaces containing cargo pipes Enclosed/semi-enclosed space opening into a gas dangerous space or zone
Drying
Aerating
Inerting
Inerting
Gassing up (purging)
Liquid Free
Cooldown
Same Cargo
Loading
Loaded Passage
INERTING
LIQUID FREEING
BALLAST PASSAGE
HEALTH HAZARDS
TOXICITY ANAESTHESIA ASPHYXIA FROSTBITE
On Eyes
On Skin Skin Absorption Ingestion Inhalation
Permanent damage Frostbite Severe chemical burns Frostbite Not absorbed Very harmful
Effects of Vapour
Moderate irritation
On Skin
Skin Absorption Ingestion Inhalation
Respiratory tract irritation Headache, dizziness, anaesthesia Impairs central nervous system Liver disorder Carcinogenic
Effects of Vapour
Severe irritation & burning Severe irritation & burning
Ingestion
Inhalation
Not pertinent
Coughing, choking, sneezing, copious salivation, excitement Bronchitis, teeth erosion, inflammation of mucuous membranes
Effects of Vapour
Irritation & inflammation
On Skin
Skin Absorption Ingestion
Severe burns to moist areas Irritation of moist skin in high concentrations Frostbite
Not absorbed Severe internal burning
Inhalation
Burning of respiratory tract Severe choking Oedema Dizziness Fatal respiratory paralysis
First-Aid Treatment
Cargo Data Sheets Medical First Aid Guide First-Aid Equipment
Liquid on Skin
Vapour Inhaled
REACTIVITY
Cargo may react with: Water Air Itself Other cargoes Other materials
REACTIVITY
Reactions may result in: Toxic vapour emission Heat generation Explosion Corrosion
May be caused by: high dew point of purge vapours water in cargo system prior to loading water dissolved in the cargo (some LPGs)
SELF-REACTION
Polymerisation
Initiated by small quantities of other cargoes Catalyst may be presence of certain metals Heat produced which accelerates reaction Butadiene Isoprene Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) Some cargoes cannot be inhibited Ethylene oxide Propylene oxide
CORROSIVITY
Some cargoes & inhibitors may be corrosive Cargo systems & human tissue at risk Cargo system materials as per IMO Codes Refer to cargo data sheets