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    Cell Structure & Function

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    gundogan21
    1. In 1674, Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe cells using a simple microscope and viewed pond water and tooth scrapings. 2. In 1665, Hooke used a microscope to examine cork and saw structures that he called "cells", which resembled small rooms that monks lived in. 3. Cells are the basic units of living organisms and can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells that organize into tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells may be prokaryotic, lacking organelles and a nucleus, or eukaryotic, containing organelles and a nucleus.

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    Cell Structure & Function

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    gundogan21
    254 views38 pages
    1. In 1674, Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe cells using a simple microscope and viewed pond water and tooth scrapings. 2. In 1665, Hooke used a microscope to examine cork and saw structures that he called "cells", which resembled small rooms that monks lived in. 3. Cells are the basic units of living organisms and can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells that organize into tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells may be prokaryotic, lacking organelles and a nucleus, or eukaryotic, containing organelles and a nucleus.

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    1. In 1674, Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe cells using a simple microscope and viewed pond water and tooth scrapings. 2. In 1665, Hooke used a microscope to examine cork and saw structures that he called "cells", which resembled small rooms that monks lived in. 3. Cells are the basic units of living organisms and can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells that organize into tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells may be prokaryotic, lacking organelles and a nucleus, or eukaryotic, containing organelles and a nucleus.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    254 views38 pages

    Cell Structure & Function

    Uploaded by

    gundogan21
    1. In 1674, Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe cells using a simple microscope and viewed pond water and tooth scrapings. 2. In 1665, Hooke used a microscope to examine cork and saw structures that he called "cells", which resembled small rooms that monks lived in. 3. Cells are the basic units of living organisms and can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells that organize into tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells may be prokaryotic, lacking organelles and a nucleus, or eukaryotic, containing organelles and a nucleus.

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    of 38

    Cell Structure & Function

    Basic Structure of a Cell

    In 1674, Leeuwenhoek (a Dutch microscope maker), was first to view organism (living things) Leeuwenhoek used a simple, handheld microscope to view pond water & scrapings from his teeth

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek

    First to View Cells


    In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) What he saw looked like small boxes

    First to View Cells


    Hooke is responsible for naming cells Hooke called them CELLS because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells

    History of Cells & the Cell Theory

    Virchow

    Cell Specialization
    6

    Introduction to Cells
    Cells are the basic units of organisms Basic types of cells:

    Animal Cell

    Plant Cell

    Bacterial Cell

    Number of Cells
    Organisms may be:
    Unicellular composed of one cell Multicellularcomposed of many cells that may organize

    Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic


    Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles

    Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membranebound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)
    9

    Prokaryotes
    Nucleoid region contains the DNA

    Cell membrane & cell wall


    Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

    10

    Eukaryotic Cell
    Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

    11

    Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

    Plant Cell

    Animal Cell

    12

    Organelles
    Very small size
    Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm
    13

    Golgi Bodies
    Stacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends

    Transport vesicle
    14

    Lysosome
    Contain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

    15

    Nucleolus
    Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleus Disappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteins

    16

    Smooth ER lacks

    Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

    ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell

    Rough ER has

    ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT


    17

    Cell Powerhouse
    Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )
    Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration

    18

    In Animal Cells:
    Mitochondria

    Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP

    19

    Surrounding the Cell


    Cell membrane
    Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Selectively permeable
    20

    Cell or Plasma Membrane


    Cell membrane
    Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Selectively permeable

    21

    Cell Wall
    Cell wall
    Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells

    22

    Cytoplasm of a Cell
    Cytoplasm
    Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
    23

    More on Cytoplasm
    Cytoplasm
    Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion
    24

    Control Organelle
    Nucleus
    Controls the normal activities of the cell Contain the DNA Bounded by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes

    25

    More on the Nucleus Nucleus

    Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes Genes control cell characteristics

    26

    Plant Cell Organelles


    Chloroplast
    Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis

    27

    Plant Cell
    Cell wall
    Dead layer Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers Freely permeable
    28

    Plant Cell
    Cell wall
    Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers Strong and rigid Found in plant cells
    29

    Plant Cell
    Cell wall
    Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell

    30

    Plant Cell Organelles


    Vacuole
    Have a large central vacuole Surrounded by tonoplast Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments
    31

    Different kinds of plant cells

    Onion Epidermal Cells

    Guard Cells

    root hair

    Root Hair Cell

    32

    vacuole

    cytoplasm

    Animal cell
    No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy
    33

    nucleus

    mitochondrion

    glycogen granule

    cell membrane

    Animal Cell Organelles

    Near the nucleus Paired structures Help cell divide

    34

    Different kinds of animal cells

    white blood cell Amoeba red blood cell

    muscle cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell

    Paramecium

    35

    Similarities between plant cells and animal cells


    Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

    Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria


    36

    Differences between plant cells and animal cells


    Animal cells Relatively smaller in size
    Irregular shape No cell wall

    Plant cells Relatively larger in size


    Regular shape Cell wall present
    37

    Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells


    Animal cells
    Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center

    Plant cells
    Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall

    38

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