Basics of Strength of Material

CH.
2 Tension & COMPRESSION LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008 1

CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008 2
Chapter 5 Internal forces in bending;
Properties of matirials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of beams and reactions
5.3 Shearing forces and bending moments
5.4 Shear-Force and Bending-Moment diagrams
5.5 Relations among shear force, bending moment and
loads
5.6 Internal forces in frames and curve beams
5.1 Introduction
loads
CH.5 INTERNAL FORCES IN BENDING
LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008

4
5.1.1 Concept of bending
1. Bending: Members subjected to external forces and
moments perpendicular to the axle,and the axle become to
curve. Bending deformation
2. BeamMember subjected mainly to bending deformation
5.1 Introduction

5
3. Example
5.1 Introduction

6
Symmetric bending---special case of plane bending
M
F
1

F
2

q
Axle
Longitudinal symmetric plane
Cross-section
5.1 Introduction

7
Non-symmetric bending No longitudinal symmetric
surface or external forces not in longitudinal
symmetric plane.
For us, Discuss mainly symmetric bending including
stresses, deformations, strength, and stiffness
5.1 Introduction
5.1 Introduction
loads

9
Hinged supporter
Two reactionsone horizontal freedom.
roll-supporter
One reactiontwo freedoms .
Fixed end
Three reactiona, zero freedom.
F
Ay
F
Ax
F
Ay
F
Ax

F
Ay

M
A

5.2.1 Supporters and reactions

10
5.3.2 Three types of statically determined beams
Simplly supported beam
q(x)
Distributed
force
Cantilever bean
Overhanging beam
M
Couple
q
Concentrated
force
F

11
Ex.5.1 Shown is the circular cylinder tank of L=5minside
diameter D=1mthicknesst =10mmdensity of steel
s
=
7.8g/cmdensity of liquid
l
= 1g/cm; height of the liquid
surface h=0.8mextensional length a=1mPlot mechanical
sketch of the tank.
Solution
q

12
L
g L A g L A
L
g V
L
mg
q
2 2 1 1
+
=
=
rad) 855 . 1 3 . 106 (
0
= = u
g R R g Dt
2
2 2
1
)] sin (
2
1
[ u u t t + =
g A g A
2 2 1 1
+ =
2
2
3.14 1 0.01 7800 9.8 [3.14 0.5
0.5 (1.855 sin106.3 )] 1000 9.8
=9kN/m
= +

1
2
q

5.1 Introduction
loads

14
5.3.1 Internal forcs in bending
Ex.5.1 KnowingFal.
Findinternal forces on the
section x from A.
F
a
F
l
F
Ay

F
Ax

F
B

A
A B
B
SolutionFind reactions
l
) a l F(
F , F
l
a F
F , M
F , F
y A Y
B A
x A X
= =
= =
= =
0
0
0 0
x
m
m
5.3 Shearing force and bending moment

15
A B
F
F
Ay

F
Ax

F
B

m
m
x
Find internal forces
x F M , M
l
) a l F(
F F , F
y A C
y A s y
= =
= = =
0
0
A
F
Ay

F
s
M
F
B

F
M
F
s
Internal forces
Shearing force
Bending moment
1. Bending momentM
Moment acting on the cross-section
and the moment vector perpendicular
to the axis.
C
C

16
2. Shearing force F
s
:
Internal force acting on the cross-section.
3. Convention of sense of internal forces F
s
and M:
F
s
: F
s
is positive when moment of F
s
to the arbitrary
internal point is clock-wised.
M: Positive when M makes the infinitesimal portion to be
down-convex.
F
s
(+)
M(+)
M(+)
M()
M()
F
s
(-)
F
s
(-) F
s
(+)

17
F
l
A
B
Fl M
e
=
l
D
F
By

F
Ay

M
A+

F
sA+
E

l/2
2. F
s
and M on the A+
F
sA+
=-F
Ay
=-2F

M
A+
=M
e
-F
Ay
=Fl
E
F
Ay
M
e
A
3. F
s
and M on the E
F
sE
=-F
Ay
=-2F

M
E
=M
e
-F
Ay
=0
M
A+

F
sA+
E
F
Ay
M
E
Ex.5.2 Findinternal forces on the section A
+
, E and D
-
Solution:
1. Reactions
F
Ay
=2F, M
A
=Fl
. l 5

18
F
l
A
B
Fl M
e
=
l
D
F
By

F
Ay

E

l/2
4. F
s
and M on the D
F
sD-
=F

M
D-
=0
F
sD-
M
D-
F

D

19
F
A
B
Fl M
e
=
D
F
By

F
Ay

E

l/2
A
+
F
s,A+
=-2F
M
A+
=Fl
E

F
s,E
=-2F
M
E+
=M
e
-F
Ay
.5l=0
F
s,D
=-2F+F
By
=F
M
A+
=M
e
-F
Ay
2l+F
By
l=0
D
-
Method 2:
Simple cross-section method

20
Ex.2Find F
s
and M on sections 1-1 and 2-2(l=a+b)
( )
( )
|
+ .
By
2
2
B
F =ql - qb
qb
M = ql
2
Solution
1. Reactions

s c
, M ( ) = =
i y i
F F , M F
ql
q
a b
2-2
2. F
s
and M
1-1
x
1

x
2

2
2
( )
2-2: ( )
s
,

= + = +
2 2
q x a
F ql q x a M qlx
2
s 1
1-1: F =-ql, M=-qlx

21
1

2


22
11--12--2
1
1
0 =
s
F =-qL
M

q
ql
l l
1
1
2
2
2
3ql
2
l
ql 2l -ql M
0 ql ql F
2
2
s2
=
+ =
= + =
5.1 Introduction
loads

24
1. Equations of internal forces
2. Diagrams of Fs and M

F
s
Diagram
Curves expressed by equations of
shearing forces
M Diagram
) ( x F F
s s
=
) ( x M M =
Curves expressed by equations of
bending mpment
5.4 Equations of Fs and M
Diagrams of Fs and M

25
Ex.5.1 The cantilever. Find
Equs. of F
s
and M; Plot F
s

and M diagrams.
F x F
S
= ) (
Solution Reactions:
Equations of Fs and M
Ay A
F =F; M =Fl
l
Plot Fs, M diagrams
x
M(x)
F
s
(x)
F
s

M
x
x
F
FL
F
Ay

M
A

F
+
-
A
B
) (
) (
x l F
F M x M
Ay A
=
+ =
5.4 Equations of Fs and MDiagrams of Fs and M

26
F x F
S
= ) (
M,
+M
F
s
(x)
x
F
+
M(x)
x
FL
- ) (
) (
x l F
F M x M
Ay A
=
+ =
F
Ay

M
A

L
F

M(x)
x
FL
-

27
Ex.5.2 KnowingFabl. Set up F
s
, M Equs.
Plot F
s
, M diagrams.
F
Ay

F
B

A
SolutionReactions
l
bF
F
l
aF
F
y A y B
= =
F
Ay

F
s
M
A
x
1
F
F
Ay

M
F
s A
x
1
x
2
Internal force Equs.
l
Fbx
x F M
l
Fb
F F
1
1 y A 1
y A s1
= =
= =
l
x l Fa
a x F x F M
l
Fa -
F F F
2
2 2 y A 2
y A s2
) (
) (

= =
= =
AC
CB
F
a
l
A B
b
C

28
F
a
A B
b
C
F
s
(x)
x +
M(x)
x
Fab/l
+
Fb/l
Fa/l
-
Plot internal forces
l
Fab
M
b a
l
Fa
F
max
s,max
=
> = ) (
F
Ay

F
B


29
Ex.5.2 Knowingql. Set up Fs, M Equs..
Plot F
s
, M diagrams.
F
Ay

F
By

A
SolutionReactions
2
ql
F F
By Ay
= =
) (
) (
x l
l
qx
2
qx
x F M
2x l
2
q
qx F F
2
y A
y A s
= =
= =
q
l
A B
x
1
F
Ay

F
s
M
Internal force Equs.
x
1
F
Ay

Simple cross-
section
Method

30
q
l
A B
F
Ay

F
By

F
s
(x)
x
M(x)
x
ql
2
/8
+
ql/2
+
-
ql/2
+
Plot Fs and M diagrams.

s,max
2
max
ql
F =
2
ql
M =
8

Discussion:


31

) (
) (
x l
l
qx
2
qx
x F M
2x l
2
q
qx F F
2
y A
y A s
= =
= =
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
x q
dx
x M d
x F
dx
x dM
x q
dx
x dF
2
2
s
s
=
=
=
5.1 Introduction
loads

33
5.5.1 Relations among F
s
, M and q
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
x q
dx
x M d
x F
dx
x dM
x q
dx
x dF
2
2
s
s
=
=
=
q
A B
F
s
+dF
s
M+dM
F
s
M
dx
q
x
dx
0 M dx F dM M , 0 M
0 dF F qdx F , 0 F
s C
s s s x
= + =
= + + =
) (
5.5 Relations among Fs, M and q

34
5.5.2 Plot F
s
, M diagrams using relations among F
s
, M and q
1
2

3FsMq
2
F
s
M
1
F
s
M
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
x q
dx
x M d
x F
dx
x dM
x q
dx
x dF
2
2
s
s
=
=
=


35
Ex.5.5.1 Plot Fs, M diagrams.
F
Ay

F
By

A
8
3ql
F
8
ql
F
By Ay
= =
F
and M on controlling sections

q
A B
2 / l 2 / l
section F
s
M

F
s
(x)
x
M(x)
x
+
-
+
128 / 9ql
2
16 / ql
2
ql/8
8 / 3ql
128
9ql
0 x
0
8
3ql -
B
16
ql
8
3ql -
C
16
ql
8
ql
C
0
8
ql
A
2
D
2
2
+
+
+
D
SolutionReactions

36
9qa
2
/8
qa
2

qa
2

qa
2

a a
a
F
Ay
F
By
qa
2

q
qa
qa
qa/2
qa
3qa/2
qa/2
5qa/2
a/2
2
7qa
F
2
qa
F
By Ay
= =
A
B
C
D
0 qa D
qa qa B
qa
2
5qa -
B
qa
2
3qa -
C
qa
2
qa -
C
qa
2
qa
A
-
2
2
2
2
2
+
+
8
9qa
M , 0 F
2
s
= =
-
Ex.5.5.2 Plot Fs, M diagrams.
F

section F
s
M
SolutionReactions
5.1 Introduction
loads

38
1. Frames, Plane frames,
Internal forces
2. Curved beamsPlane
curved beams, Internal
forces
F
q

39
1
.
5
a

B
A P
P
x
1
a
C
x
2

Exa.6 Drawing M-diagram of the frame ABC shown.
Solution: (1) Find reactions
(3) Draw moment diagram of the frame
(2) List bending equations
Portion AB, M(x
1
)=-Px
1
Portion BC, M(x
2
)=-a+Px
2
=P(x
2
-a)
Pa
Pa
0.5Pa

40
Ex. 7 Plot F
N
, F
s,
, M diagrams of the frame.
F
1

F
2

a
l

A
B
C

F
N
Fig.
F
2

+
F
S
Fig.
F
1

+
F
1

F
1
a
M Fig.
F
1
a

F
1
a+ F
2
l

41
Fcos F
s
=
Fsin F
N
=
M=FRsinj
R
A
F
O
B
F
s
F
N
F
M
Ex.8 Plot F
s
and M diagrams of the curved beam.
FR

SolutionInternal forces in arbitrary section:


42
1
1/2
3/2
1
2
1
2
a
q
qa
2
A
qa
D
C
2a a
a
B
F
Ay
M
A

Ex.5 Plot Fs and M diagrams.
SolutionReactions
2 / qa M 2qa F
2
A Ay
= =
F
s
Sec. F
s
M
2 / 3qa M , 0 F
2
s
= =
0 qa - D
qa qa C
qa qa B
2qa qa B
2 / qa 2qa A
-
2
2
2
2
+
Fs , diagrams
M(qa
2
)
x
F
s
(qa)
x

43
) 3 (
6
2 2
0
x L
L
q
) x ( Q =

3
;
6
0 0
L q
R
L q
R
B A
= =
q
0

R
A

R
B

L
) x L (
L
x q
x M
2 2
0
6
) ( =
x
L
3
3
Q(x)
x
6
2
0
L q
3
2
0
L q
27
3
2
0
L q M(x)
[5.7]


44

qx ) x ( Q =
2
2
1
qx ) x ( M =
L
q
M(x)
x
Q(x)
Q(x)
x
M ( x )
x
qL
2
2
qL
[4]


45
[9]
P
PL
P
PL
L L
L L
L L
0.5P
0.5P
0.5P
0.5P
P
0
M
x
M
1

x
M
2

x
0.5PL
PL
0.5PL
0.5PL
+
+
+
-

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CH.

2 Tension & COMPRESSION LIU Jiemin @SJZU 2008 1

and M on controlling sections

and M on controlling sections

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