Mechanical Engineering: Vikalp Kulshrestha

MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
VIKALP KULSHRESTHA
Contents
Introduction; Need; Abstract Coursework

Evolution

A View On Famous Works

Modern Techniques

Mechanical Miracles

Mechanical Engineering & India

Future Prospects

The Final Briefing

Introduction

What is mechanical engineering

Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves
the application of principles of physics for analysis, design,
manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and broadest
engineering disciplines.
Introduction
What Is The Need Of It ?

Actually no field can sustain without mechanical help.

design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling
systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and
machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.

Introduction

Abstract coursework

Mechanics
basic mechanics
mechanics of materials or solid mechanics
Fluid mechanics
Thermal science
thermodynamics
Heat & mass transfer
energy conversion
RAC
HVAC

Designing
engineering drawing
machine drawing
machine design
CAD

Production sciences
material science
metallurgy
production technology
CAM

Evolution
Mechanical engineering dates back to the times of the great
pyramids(3000-2500 b.c.)
In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC212 BC) and
Heron of Alexandria (c. 1070 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in
the Western tradition.
In China, Zhang Heng (78139 AD) improved a water clock and
invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200265 AD) invented a
chariot with differential gears.
Al Jaziri wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of Ingenious
Mechanical Devices" in 1206 presented many mechanical designs.
He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechaincal devices
which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and
cam shafts.
Evolution
Till 18
th
century many developments took place in this
field..& then in the late 18
th
century and early 19th
centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing,
production, and transportation had a profound effect on
the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. This was called
the industrial revolution. The subsequently spread through Europe,
America and then in the whole world.
This revolution led to the development of machine tools and
technology.
Today Currently, there are 1,346 engineering colleges in India
approved by the All India Council of Technical Education with a seat
capacity of 4,40,000. B.E., B.Sc., B.Tech., B.A.Sc .

Archimedes Archimedes' Screw, Principle of Buoyancy.

Ban Ms brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan Ibn Bassal
Flywheel, Flywheel-Driven Chain Pump.

Al-Jazari crankshaft, connecting rod, crank-driven and hydropowered
saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock,
weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction
pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable
humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism,
combination lock, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting,
molding sand, intermittency, linkage.

Cornelis Corneliszoon Sawmill.

Lagari Hasan elebi Manned Rocket, Artificially-Powered Aircraft,
Rocket Aircraft.

Thomas Shavey Steam Engine.

James Watt Improved Steam Engine.

Henry Maudslay Screw-Cutting lathe, Bench Micrometer.

George Cayley Glider, Tension-Spoke Wheels, Caterpillar Track.

George Stephenson Steam Locomotive.

Benot Fourneyron Water Turbine.

William George Armstrong Hydraulic Crane.

Richard J. Gatling Wheat Drill, First Successful Machine Gun.
Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol Steam Powered Submarine.

Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi Geared Mechanical Clock, Segmental Gear, Epicyclic
Gearing.

James Henry Greathead Tunnel Boring Machine, Tunnelling Shield
Technique.

Karl Benz Petrol-Powered Automobile.

Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine.

John Moses Browning Automatic handgun.

Donat Banki Carburetor.

Carl Edvard Johansson Gauge Blocks .
Mary Anderson Windshield Wiper Blade.

Henri Coand Jet Engine.

Harry Brearley Stainless Steel.

Igor Sikorsky Helicopter.

Baltzar von Platen Refrigerator.

Laszlo Biro Modern Ballpoint Pen.

Frank Whittle Jet Engine.

Mikhail Kalashnikov AK-47 and AK-74 Assault Rifles.

Fazlur Khan Structural Systems for High-Rise Skyscrapers.


Modern Techniques

Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in
industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate Computer-Aided
Engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and
analysis processes.

CAE includes the following :
1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)
2. Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)
3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
5. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
6. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

Modern Techniques
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to aid in
the design and particularly the drafting (technical drawing and engineering
drawing) of a part or product, including entire buildings. It is both a visual (or
drawing) and symbol-based method of communication whose conventions
are particular to a specific technical field.

Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D").

Drafting is the communication of technical or engineering drawings and is
the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical
endeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-
dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by
three projected views at right angles.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Modern Techniques
Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the
entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and
manufacture, to service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data,
processes and business systems and provides a product information
backbone for companies and their extended enterprise.

Within PLM there are four primary areas;
1. Product and Portfolio Management (PPM)
2. Product Design
3. Manufacturing Process Management (MPM)
4. Product Data Management (PDM)

Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)
Modern Techniques

The Finite Element Method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as Finite
Element Analysis) is a numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral
equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the
differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the
PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which
are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's
method, Runge-Kutta, etc.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Modern Techniques

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid
mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and
analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform
the millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and
gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering. Even with high-speed
supercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in many
cases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves the
accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or
turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using a
wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight test.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Modern Techniques

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-
based software tools that assist engineers and machinists in
manufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is a
programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical
models using CAD programs. CAM creates real life versions of
components designed within a software package.

Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC)
programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models of
components generated in CAD software are used to generate CNC
code to drive numerically controlled machine tools.

Although this remains the most common CAM function, CAM
functions have expanded to integrate CAM more fully with
CAD/CAM/CAE PLM solutions.

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Modern Techniques
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that
uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a
number of disciplines.

MDO allows designers to incorporate all relevant disciplines simultaneously.
The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found by
optimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactions
between the disciplines. However, including all disciplines simultaneously
significantly increases the complexity of the problem.

These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including
automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, computers, and
electricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications have
been in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraft
design.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)
Mechanical Miracles

20 km from the coast of Denmark, you will find Horns Rev, the
biggest wind farm in the world. 80 turbines 110 m tall, capable of 160
MW

1.Wind Farm in middle of ocean
The fins are 30 m long.

The highway between Tibbitt and Contwoyto in Canada.
Most dangerous road in the world. It is over 500km long and consist of
85% frozen lakes. The ice can break at any time.

2.Fantasy road that for part of the time
Arctic highway
This road can
only operate
come into effect
during the
coldest months
of the year.
When the ice
becomes strong
enough every
year the road is
made.

Here is a series of truck on
the ice each 70 ons.

Some people try
and push their
luck at the end
of the season
but in the end
nature has the
final say.

Used for the heaviest, and biggest of things needing transport

3. Colossus of the sea.

The biggest ship in the world
Oil Rigs transported
off-shore

Oil refinery
a whole Military
Radar

How it can be loaded at sea;

It sinks under
the water

The ships park on
top
And then it raises
itself!!
SIMPLE ,isntit?
Its a bridge that goes over the Elba river. It allows
boats easy access into canals. It cost more than
500 million Euros and took 6 years to build

4.Modern ways to control water.
The bridge Magdeburg (Germany) you need to look at it a number of times to
understand what is actually happening.

This is a virtual model of the Burj Tower
In 2008, it became the tallest is the world.
5.The tallest skyscraper in the world
Burj Tower
My friends... We are seeing the city with the
biggest growing rate in the world...
15% of the large towers being built in the world are
in Dubai... Can you imagine the problem in
operating these cranes
This is the beginning....
From another angle
6.TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
(TBM)
Large pits are dug to insert the machine
Hydraulic jacks support the machine
INSIDE VIEW
Its major contribution is in
The Chicago railways
network. (in USA)

The Channel Tunnel b/w
London & Paris.

The Delhi Metro.

Mechanical Engineering and India

This area comprises of two sub categories:

Government Sector

Private Sector

Government Sector
Ministry of Heavy Engineering
Ministry of Steel
Ship Building Industry
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Aviation
Ministry of Railways
The Navratna Companies

Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}

Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd.

HMT Ltd.

Established in the year 1958 as the largest Integrated Engineering Industrial
Complex in India with excellent DESIGN, ENGINEERING &
MANUFACTURING base. The company is engaged in the manufacture &
supply of Capital equipments, Machine tools and Spares needed for the
Core Sector Industries.

It is an ISO 9001-2000 company.
Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC Ltd.)
CNC Vertical Turning & Boring
machine for Durgapur Wheel and
Axle Plant .

CNC Deep Hole Boring machine .

CNC Planing machine for Copper
Mould machining .

Heavy Duty CNC Roll Turning
Lathe for Rolling Mills .

HEC has successfully developed
High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Grade DMR-249A and 249B for
Naval Application .
Achievements of HEC
Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

Incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a Machine Tool
manufacturing company.
Over the years diversified into Watches, Tractors, Printing Machinery, Metal
Forming Presses, Die Casting & Plastic Processing Machinery, CNC
Systems & Bearings.
Successful technology absorption in all product groups through
collaborations with world renowned manufacturers & further strengthened
by continuous in-house R&D.
HMT Ltd.
HMT Subsidiaries

Hmt Machine Tools Ltd.
HMT Watches Ltd.
HMT Chinar Watches Ltd.
HMT Bearings limited
HMT (International) Ltd.
Praga Tools Ltd.
Hmt (Machine Tools Ltd.)

HMT Limited, the pioneer in
Machine Tools Industry in India
and manufacturers of a diversified
range of products has
incorporated HMT MACHINE
TOOLS LIMITED as its fully
owned subsidiary on 9th August
1999 .

leading manufacturer of Machine
Tools in India .
HMT (Watches Ltd.)

The manufacture of wristwatches
started as part of diversification
strategy of HMT in the year 1962,
under Technical collaboration with
CITIZEN Watch Company of
Japan with a manufacturing unit at
Bangalore.

it manufactures Mechanical and
Quartz Analog watches

HMT (Chinar Watches Ltd.)

HMT Limited, the first company to
start watch manufacturing in India
has incorporated "HMT CHINAR
WATCHES LIMITED" as its fully
owned subsidiary on 4th
September 2000 with Jammu as
its head quarters.
HMT (Bearings Ltd.)

HMT Bearings Limited, formerly
known as Indo-Nippon Bearings
Limited was incorporated in the
year 1970. It is the only company
of its kind in the public sector set
up to manufacture Ball & Roller
Bearings. The company was
established in technical
collaboration with M/s Koyo Seiko
Co. Ltd., Japan an internationally
reputed manufacturer of Bearings.

In the year 1981, the company
became a subsidiary of HMT
Limited.

The company designs,
manufactures and supplies Ball
Bearings, Cylindrical Roller
Bearings and Taper Roller
Bearings.

HMT (International Ltd.)

HMT(INTERNATIONAL) Limited,
was set up in 1974 as a wholly
owned subsidiary of hmt Limited,
to undertake exports of goods
manufactured by HMT and other
leading Indian manufacturers.

HMT(I) is headquartered at
Bangalore and has a global
network extending over 38
countries with 67 representations
to service its clientele worldwide.
HMT(I) has sold over 12,500
machines in more than 70
countries with efficient after sales
service.

HMT (I)s business portfolio
includes trading in:

Machine Tool and Industrial
Machinery
Watches
Tractors & Agricultural Implements
General Engineering Products
Industrial Commodities
Software and IT Services
Projects & Services

HMT ( Praga Tools Ltd.)

Praga Tools Limited was
incorporated on 20th May, 1943
as Praga Tools Corporation
Limited to manufacturer Machine
Tools with head quarters at
Secunderabad. It was renamed as
Praga Tools Limited in 1963.

HMT Limited took over Praga
Tools Limited as one of its
subsidiaries with the transfer of
majority of the share holding in the
year 1988.
Praga Tools Limited manufactures
Machine Tools for various
applications including CNC
Machines.

Government Sector {Ministry of Steel}
Activities of Steel Ministry

Co-ordination and planning of the growth and development of Iron and Steel
Industry in the country (including Re-Rolling Mills, Alloy Steel and Ferro
Alloy Industries, Refractories) both in the Public and Private Sectors.

Formulation of policies in respect of Production, Pricing, Distribution, Import
and Export of Iron & Steel, Ferro Alloys and Refractories.

Development of input industries relating to Iron Ore, Manganese Ore,
Chrome Ore and Refractories etc. , required mainly by the Steel Industry.
Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building}
(Shipping)

The Ship Building Ministry looks after the funds and the foreign joint
ventures for the industry. The four major shipyards are namely:

Cochin Shipyard Ltd.

Goa Shipyard Ltd.

Mazagon Dock Ltd.

Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.
(Shipping)
It was incorporated in the year
1972.

Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is the
largest ship building yard in India.

The shipyard also trains graduate
engineers in marine engineering.
Around hundred students are
trained each year.

It can build ships up to
1,100,000 metric tons deadweight
(DWT) and repair ships up to
1,250,000 DWT.
Cochin Shipyard Ltd.
(Shipping)
It was established in 1957,
originally by the Portuguese-India
government as "Estaleiros Navais
de Goa.

After the invasion of Goa by the
Indian armed forces in 1961, it
was requisitioned to manufacture
warships for the Indian Navy and
Indian Coast Guard.
Goa Shipyard Ltd.
(Shipping)
It manufactures warships for the
Indian Navy as well as offshore
platforms for oil exploration.

It has manufacturing facilities
situated at Mumbai and Nhava.

The yard has the capability to
build warships, submarines, and
merchant ships up to
30,000 metric tons deadweight
(DWT). It can also fabricate well
head platforms, process and
production platforms and jack up
rigs for oil exploration.
Mazagon Dock Ltd.
(Shipping)
It is India's first and oldest
shipyard.

In 1940, Walchand Hirachand
started the construction of the
shipyard, initially known as
Scindia Shipyard .In 1961, it fully
acquired the shipyard.

located in Visakhapatnam,
Andhra Pradesh.

It was the first shipyard in India to
be awarded ISO-9001

Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.
Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}
It basically comprises of two departments:

Department of Defence Production (DDP).

Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D).

The Department of Defence
Production was set up in 1962,
in the aftermath of the Chinese
aggression to create a self-
reliant and self-
sufficient indigenous defence
production base .

In November, 1965, Department
of Defence Supplies was created
to forge linkages between the
civil industries and defence
production units.

The Department of Defence
Production and Supplies has
been renamed as Department of
Defence Production w.e.f.
January, 2004.

Since 1962, 16 new Ordnance
Factories have been set up.
Department of Defence Production (DDP)
The following DPSUs are
functioning under the
administrative control of the
Department:-

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL)
Bharat Electronics Limited
(BEL)
Bharat Earth Movers Limited
(BEML)
Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL)
Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)
Garden Reach Shipbuilders and
Engineers Limited (GRSE)
Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
(MIDHANI)
It was formed in 1958 by the merger of Technical Development
Establishment and the Directorate of Technical Development and
Production with the Defence Science Organisation.
DRDO has a network of 51 laboratories which are deeply engaged
in developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like
aeronautics, armaments, electronic and computer sciences, human
resource development, life sciences, materials, missiles, combat
vehicles development and naval research and development.
The organization includes more than 5,000 scientists and about
25,000 other scientific, technical and supporting personnel.

Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D)
{Defence Research & Development Organisation}
Works (DDP and DDR&D)
Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is the nodal Ministry responsible for the
formulation of national policies and programmes for development
and regulation of Civil Aviation. It handles the following :

Air India

Indian Airlines

Pawan Hans Helicopters
Air India was founded by J. R. D. Tata in 1932 as Tata Airlines, a division
of Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group).

Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National Aviation
Company of India Limited .

It is an International Airline focusing on international routes.

It has Boeing 747,777; Airbus A310 in its fleet.

Has annual recruitment of 17 mechanical engineers of the total 57 recruited
as junior engineers. (as per 2008)
Air India
It was setup in 1953 with the merger of 7 different companies.

This airline based in Delhi, India and focuses primarily on domestic routes,
along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia.

Indian Airlines is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil
Aviation.

Recruits about 60 engineers as junior engineers annually.
Indian Airlines
Pawan Hans was incorporated on October 15, 1985 as the Helicopter
Corporation of India (HCL), the country's national helicopter company with
the objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its
off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charter
services for promotion of tourism.

It is a Government owned enterprise with 78.5% in Government hands &
21.5% with ONGC.
Pawan Hans Helicopters
Government Sector {Ministry of Railways}
The Mechanical Engineering Department looks after the mechanical
needs of the railways.
It has 44 Workshops & 6 Manufacturing Units all over India.

The Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineering (IRSME) is a
cadre of the Government of India. The officers of this service are
responsible for managing the Mechanical Engineering Organisation of the
Indian Railways .
The recruitment is done through 2 exams namely :
1. Engineering Services Exam
2. SCRA (Special Class Railway Apprentice)

{Mechanical Engineering Dept. (PU&W)}
{Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers}
Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}
As of December 1 , 2008

Bharat Electronics Limited
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
Coal India Limited
GAIL (India) Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
National Aluminum Company Limited
NMDC Limited
NTPC Limited
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
Power Finance Corporation Limited
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
Shipping Corporation of India Limited
Steel Authority of India Limited

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is the largest engineering and
manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy-related and infrastructure sector
which includes Power, Railways, Telecom, Transmission and Distribution, Oil and
Gas sectors and many more.

BHEL manufacturing units are at Bhopal, Ranipur, Haridwar, Jhansi, Tiruchirapalli,
Ranipet, Bengaluru, Jagdishpur & Goindwal .

BHEL products are steam turbine, gas turbine, steam generators, HRSG- Heat
Recovery Steam Generator, locomotives, pumps, motors, valves, boiler drums
& various other products .

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is one of India's
largest PSU companies, with Global Fortune 500 rank of 287 (2008).

It is involved in the refining and retailing of petroleum products.

BPCL has Refineries at Mumbai and Kochi (Kochi Refineries) with
a capacity of 12 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 7.5 MMTPA
respectively for refining crude oil. BPCL's subsidiary at Numaligarh
has a capacity of 3 MMT.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL)
Government Sector {the Navratna Companies}
6,700 km of Natural Gas high
pressure trunk pipeline with a
capacity to carry 148
MMSCMD of natural gas
across the country .

7 LPG Gas Processing Units
to produce 1.2 MMTPA of
LPG and other liquid
hydrocarbons .

North India's only gas
based integrated
Petrochemical complex at
Pata with a capacity of
producing 4,10,000 TPA of
polymers .

27 oil and gas Exploration
blocks and 3 Coal Bed
Methane Blocks .

Gas Authority of India Ltd. (Gail)
GAIL (India) Limited, is India's flagship Natural Gas company, integrating all
aspects of the Natural Gas value chain (including Exploration & Production,
Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services.
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), based in Bangalore, India, is one
of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

It is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing
and assembling aircraft, navigation and related communication equipment,
as well as operating airports.

Its achievements include developing & manufacturing of Tejas, Hawk &
Dhruv .

It also upgrades & manufactures jaguars, su-30 mkis & mig-29s for the
Indian air force .
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL)
The Corporation operates 2 major refineries producing a wide variety of
petroleum fuels & specialties, one in Mumbai (West Coast) of 5.5 MMTPA
capacity and the other in Visakhapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of
7.5 MMTPA.

HPCL also owns and operates the largest Lube Refinery in the country
producing Lube Base Oils of international standards. With a capacity of 335
TMT. This Lube Refinery accounts for over 40% of the India's total Lube
Base Oil production.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)
It is Indias largest commercial enterprise, ranking 116th on the Fortune
Global 500 listing (2008).

The Indian Oil Group of Companies owns and operates 10 of India's 19
refineries with a combined refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tons per
year.

Indian Oil operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the
country, numbering about 17606.

It reaches Indane cooking gas to over 47.5 million households through a
network of 4,990 Indian distributors.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)
Indian public sector petroleum company. It is a Fortune Global 500
company ranked 335th, and contributes 77% of India's crude oil production
and 81% of India's natural gas production.

ONGC is engaged in exploration and production activities. It is
involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in 26
sedimentary basins of India. It produces about 30% of India's crude
oil requirement. It owns and operates more than 11,000 kilometers
of pipelines in India.

Its major resources are various sites in Assam & Bombay High.
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC)
NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the
largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008
ranked it 411
th
in the world.

NTPC's core business is engineering, construction and operation of power
generating plants and providing consultancy to power utilities in India and
abroad.

NTPC also owns 15 Coal Based Plants (23,895 MW) & 7 Gas/Liquefied
Fuel Based Plants (3,955 MW).
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
Asia's largest, and one of the world's leading and the sixth largest,
integrated aluminum complex, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina
refining, aluminum smelting and casting, power generation, rail and port
operations.

The main units of NALCO are at Damanjodi (Mines & Refinery complex)
and Nalconagar-Angul (Smelter & Power Plant Complex).
National Aluminum Company (NALCO)
SAIL was featured in the 2008 list of Forbes Global 2000 companies at
position 647.

With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 16th
largest steel producer in the world.

Major plants owned by SAIL are located at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur,
Rourkela, Burnpur (near Asansol) and Salem.

Steel Authority of
India Ltd. (SAIL)
Private Sector
Hindustan motors

Maruti Udyog

Hero Honda

Bajaj Auto

Tata Industries

Reliance Petroleum

Private Sector
It is part of the Birla Technical Services Industrial Group.

It is the producer of the famous Ambassador car, widely used as a taxicab
and as a government limousine.

It has a joint venture with Mitsubishi (Lancer & Pajero)

It has plants at Uttarpara (U.P.); Pithampur (M.P.); Thiruvallur & Hosur (T.N.)

Hindustan Motors
Private Sector
It is a leading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in South Asia. Suzuki
Motor Corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company.

Till now launched more than 12 cars with more than 20 models.

Major products are Maruti 800 (93), Omni (84), Wagon-r (99), Alto (y2k),
Swift (05) & Grand Vitara (07).

Maruti Udyog
Private Sector
Hero Honda is a joint venture that began in 1984 between the Hero Group
of India and Honda of Japan.

3
rd
largest manufacturer of motor-cycles after Honda & Yamaha.

Has plants at Dharuhera & Gurgaon in Haryana & Haridwar in Uttarakhand.
Hero Honda
Private Sector
It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker.

It is based in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Akurdi and Chakan (near
Pune), Waluj (near Aurangabad) and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand.

This company shot to fame with its punch line of Hamara Bajaj for its
scooters Bajaj Chetak & Bajaj Super.
Bajaj Auto
Private Sector
Tata Steel annually produces 9 million tonnes of steel in India and 21.4
million tonnes overseas, making it the fifth largest steel producer in the
world.

Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand which produced a
record-breaking 5.0 million tonnes of salable steel in 2007-08.

Took over Anglo Dutch steel maker CORUS in a 6.7 billion deal.

Tata Steel
Private Sector
It is India's largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle
manufacturing company.

Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar,
Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune.

Has bought Daewoo's trucks & Fords Jaguar & Land Rover.

Tata Motors
Private Sector
Refining activities of Reliance Industries Limited are carried out at the
Jamnagar refinery complex with refining capacity of 27 million tonnes per
annum (540,000 barrels per day).

The Company's refinery at Jamnagar is the third largest refinery at a single
location in the world.
Reliance Petroleum
Future Prospects
The future of Mechanical Engineering is very bright. Being
the core field of engineering it will always be needed in various other
fields of engineering.

In India, till 2015, big guns like Arcelor Mittal & Tata steel are
planning to invest 7000 crores. In the PSUs NALCO & SAIL will be
jointly investing 40,000 crores in developing and starting various
manufacturing units.

World Market is too not far behind with all the big corporate
houses having set their feet in this field.

All this is due to the rapid rate of advancement in the field of
Mechanical technology.
The Final Briefing
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Mechanical Engineering: Vikalp Kulshrestha

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MECHANICAL

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