Esophagus: - Development of
Esophagus: - Development of
Esophagus: - Development of
Esophagus
Develops from the cranial
foregut
In week 4, a small
diverticulum appears at the
ventral wall of the foregut ,
the tracheobronchial
diverticulum.
It becomes separated from
the foregut by the
esophagotracheal septum.
Esophageal
Histology
Esophageal Achalasia
esophageal motility
disorder involving the smooth
muscle layer of the lower
esophagus.
characterized by incomplete
LES relaxation, increased LES
tone, and lack of peristalsis,
difficulty in swallowing
& regurgitation.
Diagnosed by barium swallow.
Cause not know.
Hiatal hernia
Three types
1. Sliding
2. Rolling
3. Mixed
May lead to acid reflux
disease.
Esophageal web:
shelf
like protrusion into
the lumen
Esophageal verices
Esophageal varices
Commonly seen in cases of
portal hypertension
(usually as a result of
cirrhosis)
Veins of the lower part of
esophagus enlarge and
become varicose
May rupture and lead to
severe bleeding
Developmental anomaly
Atresia and fistula
Type A:
a missing mid-segment.
Type B:
Proximal esophageal
termination on the lower
trachea with distal
esophageal bud.
Type C:
Proximal esophageal
Atresia with distal TEF
(A)Achalasia
(B) Diffuse esophageal spasm
(C) Esophageal cancer
(D) Esophageal candidiasis
(E) Esophageal reflux
(F) Globus hystericus
(G) Herpetic esophagitis
(H) Lower esophageal web
(I) Paraesophageal hernia
(j)Peptic stricture of the esophagus
(K) Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's)
diverticulum
(L) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
(M) Polymyositis
(N) Pseudobulbar palsy
(O) Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
(P) Tracheoesophageal fistula
(A)Achalasia
(B) Diffuse esophageal
spasm
(C) Esophageal cancer
(D) Esophageal
candidiasis
(E) Esophageal reflux
(F) Globus hystericus
(G) Herpetic esophagitis
(H) Lower esophageal
web
(I) Paraesophageal
hernia
(j)Peptic stricture of the
esophagus