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    Placentation: Lorem Ipsum Dolor

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    Anya
    The document discusses the development of the placenta from the zygote stage through the first trimester. It describes how the outer cells form the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, while inner cells form the epiblast and hypoblast. It explains how the syncytiotrophoblast destroys the vessel endothelium and modifies the vessels. The trophoblast cells produce enzymes like MMP-9 and urokinase that help facilitate invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries. Decidual NK cells attract trophoblast cells and promote their invasion and vascular growth in the decidua. Throughout the first trimester, villi develop and the placenta grows a barrier while the vessels move laterally.

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    Placentation: Lorem Ipsum Dolor

    Uploaded by

    Anya
    61 views15 pages
    The document discusses the development of the placenta from the zygote stage through the first trimester. It describes how the outer cells form the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, while inner cells form the epiblast and hypoblast. It explains how the syncytiotrophoblast destroys the vessel endothelium and modifies the vessels. The trophoblast cells produce enzymes like MMP-9 and urokinase that help facilitate invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries. Decidual NK cells attract trophoblast cells and promote their invasion and vascular growth in the decidua. Throughout the first trimester, villi develop and the placenta grows a barrier while the vessels move laterally.

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    Placentation

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    The document discusses the development of the placenta from the zygote stage through the first trimester. It describes how the outer cells form the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, while inner cells form the epiblast and hypoblast. It explains how the syncytiotrophoblast destroys the vessel endothelium and modifies the vessels. The trophoblast cells produce enzymes like MMP-9 and urokinase that help facilitate invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries. Decidual NK cells attract trophoblast cells and promote their invasion and vascular growth in the decidua. Throughout the first trimester, villi develop and the placenta grows a barrier while the vessels move laterally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views15 pages

    Placentation: Lorem Ipsum Dolor

    Uploaded by

    Anya
    The document discusses the development of the placenta from the zygote stage through the first trimester. It describes how the outer cells form the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, while inner cells form the epiblast and hypoblast. It explains how the syncytiotrophoblast destroys the vessel endothelium and modifies the vessels. The trophoblast cells produce enzymes like MMP-9 and urokinase that help facilitate invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries. Decidual NK cells attract trophoblast cells and promote their invasion and vascular growth in the decidua. Throughout the first trimester, villi develop and the placenta grows a barrier while the vessels move laterally.

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    Lorem Ipsum Dolor

    Placentation Muhammad P Wijaya


    Week 1

    ❖ Zygot to morula
    ❖ morula: inner, outer
    day 8

    ❖ outer cell to: cyto, syncitio


    ❖ inner: epiblast, hypo
    Day 9

    ❖ syncitio to lacunae
    day 12

    ❖ destruction of vessel
    until 12, 12-16 W

    ❖ villus and extravillous tropoblast


    Endovascular trophoblast enters the lumen of the spiral
    arteries and initially forms cellular plugs. It then destroys
    vascular endothelium via an apoptosis mechanism and
    invades and modifies vascular media. Thus, fibrinoid
    material replaces smooth muscle and connective tissue
    of the vessel media. Spiral arteries later regenerate
    endothelium.
    ❖ Trophoblasts produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which converts plasminogen into the
    broadly acting serine protease plasmin. This in turn both degrades matrix proteins and activates matrix
    metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are a family of structurally similar enzymes. One member of the
    family, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), appears to be critical for human trophoblast invasion. MMP-
    9 production is increased by trophoblast factors such as IL-1 and hCG as well as paracrine uterine
    factors such as leukemia inhibiting factor and colony-stimulating factor-1

    ❖ early pregnancy ILFG II

    ❖ There are also integrin-mediated adhesive interactions of trophoblast cells with each other. In
    particular, the interaction of L-selectin with its carbohydrate ligands in the cytotrophoblast is important in
    formation and maintenance of cell columns (Prakobphol and colleagues, 2006). Trophoblasts are further
    secured by fetal fibronectin (Feinberg and colleagues, 1991). Fetal-specific fibronectin (fFN) is a unique
    glycopeptide of the fibronectin molecule. It is also called trophoblast glue to describe a critical role in the
    migration and attachment of trophoblasts to maternal decidua. And related, presence of fFN in cervical
    or vaginal fluid is used as a prognostic indicator for preterm labor
    day 13

    ❖ primary villi
    ❖ scundarry
    ❖ tersiery
    ❖ As growth of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues
    continues, the blood supply of the chorion facing the
    endometrial cavity is restricted
    ❖ end 3rd month, As the fetus grows, the decidua
    capsularis merges with the parietalis. The capsularis then
    is largely lost by pressure and the attendant loss of blood
    supply. The area of decidua where decidua capsularis
    and decidua parietalis merge is referred to as the decidua
    vera.
    DNK
    ❖ This is important because it prevents them from recognizing
    and destroying fetal cells as "foreign." Hanna and associates
    (2006) have elucidated the ability of dNK cells to attract and
    promote invasion of trophoblast into the decidua and promote
    vascular growth. Decidual NK cells express both interleukin-8
    and interferon-inducible protein-10, which bind to receptors on
    invasive trophoblast cells to promote their invasion into the
    decidua toward the spiral arteries. Decidual NK cells also
    produce proangiogenic factors, including VEGF and placental
    growth factor (PlGF), which promote vascular growth in the
    decidua.
    ❖ Placenta barrier
    ❖ and vessel move to lateral
    Growth and maturation

    ❖ more rapid and at the end 1/6


    ❖ Hofbauer cells
    ❖ lesser connective, syncitium, cito, more vessel

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