Sampling and Sampling Distribution
Sampling and Sampling Distribution
Sampling and Sampling Distribution
Learning Objectives
Sampling Frame
N=30
n=6
11 DuPont
12 Exxon Mobil
13 General Dynamics
14 General Electric
15 General Mills
16 Halliburton
17 IBM
18 Kellog
19 KMart
20 Lowes
21 Lucent
22 Mattel
23 Mead
24 Microsoft
25 Occidental Petroleum
26 JCPenney
27 Procter & Gamble
28 Ryder
29 Sears
30 Time Warner
8
8
6
5
8
0
6
0
2
9
8
4
0
5
1
8
2
9
8
5
0
0
7
7
5
6
4
8
7
9
3
0
6
1
0
N = 30
n=6
1
8
4
9
5
7
5
3
6
5
1
3
6
5
3
4
6
4
5
0
8
9
5
8
2
3
1
5
0
7
3
8
7
8
4
6
3
6
7
9
6
5
8
7
7
7
8
9
3
9
3
6
6
8
4
4
4
7
6
6
9
7
6
8
5
8
8
4
7
8
6
5
8
3
5
5
3
3
2
2
5
4
8
4
7
9
0
6
6
8
0
0
7
8
0
8
9
0
7
9
1
5
1
5
9
9
6
5
1
3
3
9
5
9
6
5
0
5
1
5
3
8
7
9
9
9
4
9
0
0
1
9
9
7
0
0
2
2
4
7
0
9
1
9
5
0
2
6
4
6
6
3
0
9
2
3
7
5
8
4
7
7
4
8
0
8
8
6
1
4
2
0
1
2
9
1
7
2
2
0
6
4
8
5
4
6
4
8
8
2
3
5
4
7
3
1
6
1
8
5
4
0
5
4
6
3
5
3
6
9
4
1
2
8
1
0
4
9
8
6
7
9
6
1
3
Systematic Sampling
N
=
where:
n = sample size
N = population size
k = size of selection interval
Systematic Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Advantages
Cluster Sampling
Disadvantages
Nonrandom Sampling
Errors
Population
(parameter)
Calculate x
to estimate
Process of
Inferential Statistics
Select a
random sample
Sample
x
(statistic)
Sampling distribution of x
standard deviation x
87 X
P( X 87) P Z
87
P Z
87 85
P Z
9
40
P Z 1.41
.5 (0 Z 1.41)
.5 .4207
.0793
9
40
1. 42
.5000
.5000
.4207
.4207
85
87
X - 87 85
2
Z=
1. 41
9
1. 42
n
40
Equal Areas
of .0793
1.41 Z
Demonstration Problem
Suppose that during any hour in a large
Suppose
that
during
any
hour
in
a
large
department
department store, the average number of
store, the average number of shoppers is 448, with
shoppers
is
448,
with
a standard deviation of 21 shoppers. What is the
a standard
21 shoppers.
What
probability
thatdeviation
a random of
sample
of 49 different
is the probability
thata sample
a random
of
shopping
hours will yield
meansample
between
49 and
different
shopping hours will yield a
441
446 shoppers?
sample mean between
441 and 446 shoppers?
Demonstration Problem
3
.4901
.4901
.2486
.2415
441
446 448
.2486
.2415
X
-2.33
-.67 0
X - 446 448
X - 441 448
0.67
Z=
2.33 Z =
21
21
n
49
n
49
Sampling Distribution of p
Sample Proportion
X
n
where:
p
p P
P Q
n
:
sample proportion
sample size
population proportion
1 P
5
5
Demonstration Problem
If 10% of a population of parts is defective,
Ifwhat
10% ofisathe
population
of
parts
is
defective,
probability of randomly
what is the probability of randomly selecting
selecting
80 parts and finding that 12 or more parts are
80defective?
parts and finding that 12 or more parts are
defective?
0 . 15
n 80
P ( p . 15 ) P Z
P Z
. 15 P
PQ
n
. 15 . 10
(. 10 ) (. 90 )
80
P Z
. 15 p
0 . 05
0 . 0335
P ( Z 1. 49 )
. 5 P ( 0 Z 1. 49 )
. 5 . 4319
. 0681
0. 0335
.5000
.5000
.4319
.4319
0.10
^
0.15 p
p P 0.15 0.10
0. 05
Z=
1. 49
PQ
(.10)(. 90) 0. 0335
n
80
1.49 Z