Fourier's Law and The Heat Equation: Chapter Two
Fourier's Law and The Heat Equation: Chapter Two
Fourier's Law and The Heat Equation: Chapter Two
and the
Heat Equation
Chapter Two
Fouriers Law
Fouriers Law
A rate equation that allows determination of the conduction heat flux
from knowledge of the temperature distribution in a medium
Its most general (vector) form for multidimensional conduction is:
q k T
Implications:
Heat transfer is in the direction of decreasing temperature
(basis for minus sign).
Fouriers Law serves to define the thermal conductivity of the
medium k q / T
Cartesian Coordinates:
T x, y , z
T T T
q k
i k
jk
k
x
y
z
qx
qz
q y
Cylindrical Coordinates:
(2.3)
T r, , z
T
T T
q k
i k
jk
k
r
r
z
qr
(2.18)
q z
T r , ,
T
T
T
q k
i k
jk
k
r
r
r sin
q
q
qr
Spherical Coordinates:
(2.21)
qr Ar qr 2 rLqr
or,
qr Ar qr 2 rqr
Sphere
qr Ar qr 4 r 2 qr
Heat Equation
T
T
T
T
k
q
c p
x x
y y
z
z
t
Thermal energy
generation
(2.13)
Change in thermal
energy storage
Cylindrical Coordinates:
1
T
1 T
T
T
kr
c
p
r r
r
z
z
t
r 2
(2.20)
Spherical Coordinates:
1 2 T
1
T
1
kr
r
r 2 r
r 2 sin 2
r 2 sin
k sin
T
T
c
p
(2.33)
1 T
t
k
thermal diffusivity of the medium
c p
Boundary Conditions
Insulated Surface
T
|x 0 qs
x
T
|x 0 h T T 0, t
x
Convection
T
|x 0 0
x
Properties
Thermophysical Properties
Thermal Conductivity: A measure of a materials ability to transfer thermal
energy by conduction.
Conduction Analysis
Applications:
Chapter 3:
Chapter 4:
Chapter 5:
Ein qconv As dt
0
Ein hAs
T T L,t dt
Dividing both sides by AsL, the energy transferred per unit volume is
Ein h
T T L,t dt
V L 0
J/m3
Problem 2.28 Surface heat fluxes, heat generation and total rate of radiation
absorption in an irradiated semi-transparent material with a
prescribed temperature distribution.