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    Fire Alarm System Basiscs

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    Ghassan Jrab
    This document discusses the importance of fire detection systems and provides an overview of their key components and functioning. It summarizes that (1) the early detection of fires and signaling of alarms are critical to preventing large losses, and (2) fire alarm control systems have a main controller that provides power and monitors inputs like smoke detectors and manual pull stations, controlling outputs like horns and strobes. (3) The system requires two power sources - primary AC and secondary DC - and proper grounding is important for functionality.

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    Fire Alarm System Basiscs

    Uploaded by

    Ghassan Jrab
    2K views26 pages
    This document discusses the importance of fire detection systems and provides an overview of their key components and functioning. It summarizes that (1) the early detection of fires and signaling of alarms are critical to preventing large losses, and (2) fire alarm control systems have a main controller that provides power and monitors inputs like smoke detectors and manual pull stations, controlling outputs like horns and strobes. (3) The system requires two power sources - primary AC and secondary DC - and proper grounding is important for functionality.

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    This document discusses the importance of fire detection systems and provides an overview of their key components and functioning. It summarizes that (1) the early detection of fires and signaling of alarms are critical to preventing large losses, and (2) fire alarm control systems have a main controller that provides power and monitors inputs like smoke detectors and manual pull stations, controlling outputs like horns and strobes. (3) The system requires two power sources - primary AC and secondary DC - and proper grounding is important for functionality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views26 pages

    Fire Alarm System Basiscs

    Uploaded by

    Ghassan Jrab
    This document discusses the importance of fire detection systems and provides an overview of their key components and functioning. It summarizes that (1) the early detection of fires and signaling of alarms are critical to preventing large losses, and (2) fire alarm control systems have a main controller that provides power and monitors inputs like smoke detectors and manual pull stations, controlling outputs like horns and strobes. (3) The system requires two power sources - primary AC and secondary DC - and proper grounding is important for functionality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that different types of detectors should be used depending on the stage of the fire, and that factors like life safety hazard, building structure, contents, fire suppression resources, and codes determine the type of fire alarm system selected.

    The different stages of a fire are: 1) Incipient, 2) Smoldering, 3) Flame, 4) High Heat. Different detectors like ionization, photoelectric, spark or flame, and heat detectors should be used depending on the stage.

    Factors considered when selecting a fire alarm system include the level of life safety hazard, structural features of the building, level of hazard from building contents, availability of fire suppression resources, and requirements of state and local codes.

    Importance of Fire

    Detection System

    Calcutta Hospital

    Jaipur Oil

    Rajghat Power Plant

    Fire Safety

    Fire safety plans and practices are designed to protect:

    People
    Information
    Property
    Time

    Overview of Fire & Life


    Safety
    Code Background
    Fire Alarm Systems
    Fire Detection
    Fire Suppression
    Conducting a Basic Assessment

    Standards and Codes


    Component tests by nationally
    recognized labs
    Underwriters Laboratories
    Factory Mutual

    Codes
    NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
    NPFA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code
    Local codes and ordinances

    Fire Detection and


    Signaling Systems
    The early detection of a fire and the
    signaling of an appropriate alarm
    remain the most significant factors
    in preventing large losses from
    occurring.

    Basic Fire
    Lets examine the
    components that make a
    basic Fire Alarm Control
    System.

    Main Controller
    The brains of the
    system
    Provides power to
    the system,
    monitors inputs
    and controls
    outputs through
    various circuits
    Performs other
    functions as
    required by the
    appropriate code

    Elements of a Control Panel


    Requires two Power Sources

    Primary (AC)

    Secondary
    (DC(12Vx2)
    )

    Elements of a Control Panel


    A fire alarm
    system can
    have a variety
    of input
    devices.

    Inputs
    Smoke Detector

    Manual Pull Station

    Inputs
    Initiating Device: A system component
    that originates transmission of a change of
    state condition, such as a smoke detector,
    manual fire alarm box, supervisory switch,
    etc...
    Initiating Device Circuit (IDC): A circuit to
    which automatic or manual initiating
    devices are connected where the signal
    received does not identify the individual
    device operated

    Elements of a Control Panel


    Outputs

    Horns

    Strobes

    Outputs
    Notification Appliance: A fire alarm
    system component such as a bell,
    horn, speaker, light, or text display
    that provides audible, tactile, or visible
    output, or any combination thereof.
    Notification Appliance Circuit: A circuit
    or path directly connected to a
    notification appliance.

    The Basic System


    Main
    Controller

    Inputs

    Primary AC

    Outputs
    Secondary
    DC (12Vx2)

    Basic Fire Alarm Technology


    Signal Initiation/Initiating Devices
    Need to understand stages of fire and
    what technology works best for each

    The Stages of a Fire


    Stage One
    Incipient: Products of Combustion
    particles are produced (<0.3 microns).
    No visible smoke or detectable heat.
    May occur for milliseconds or days.
    Use ionization detectors

    The Stages of a Fire


    Stage Two
    Smoldering: Visible smoke particles are
    produced (>0.3 microns). Little visible
    flame or noticeable heat.
    Use Photoelectric Detectors

    The Stages of a Fire


    Stage Three
    Flame: Rapid combustion produces
    radiant energy in the visible, and
    invisible (IR, UV) spectrums. Heat
    begins to buildup at this stage
    Use Spark or Flame Detectors

    The Stages of a Fire


    Stage Four
    High Heat: Uncontrolled combustion is
    caused by the heating of nearby
    combustibles to their ignition point.
    Use Heat Detectors

    Note! Major disadvantages of using


    thermal energy for fire identification are
    Takes a while for a fire to be recognized
    The toxic gases that are produced before an
    alarm point is reached

    Types of Fire Alarm


    Systems
    Selection factors
    Level of life-safety hazard
    Structural features of the building
    Level of hazard presented by the
    contents of the building
    Availability of fire suppression resources
    State and local code requirements
    (Continued)

    Conventional System.

    Addressable System

    Type of Cables used and why

    Importance of Proper Ground

    Importance of proper input source

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