What Is Modern Art
What Is Modern Art
What Is Modern Art
Modern Art includes an element of progress, an element of newness and innovations. It is broadening
of horizons.
This leads to concepts of Avant-garde (Forward looking who revolt and replace the old with new
innovations)
A new and fresh sorting out of relevant from irrelevant, the significant from insignificant Therefore
art reflects the social characteristics of a society of a given era or epoch.
Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status
quo, primarily in the cultural realm.
The notion of the existence of the avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism.
SYMBOLISM
Symbolism -One of the most significant and
notable layers in the history of art was the
emerge of symbolism movement.
The scale of the movement was large
enough to touch not visual arts only, but
also psychology, literature, etc. the term
itself symbolism appeared in 1886 when
Jean Moras used symbolism to define the
reaction against naturalism and decadent.
Symbolism had especially influenced
French poetics and different forms of the
movement can be noticed in other
literatures.
IMPRESSIONISM
(Late 1860-late 1890)
What is
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism is a 19th-century in
paris, France. The name of this
movement comes from title of Claude
Monet's work impression, sunrise
Characteristics
Impressionist paintings tend to have small, thin brush strokes
with an emphasis on accuracy over precision. Li is also a
significant factor and how it is captured is key impressionist
work.
Beginnings
In the middle of the 19th century
a time of change, as EmperorNapoleon III
Rebuilt Paris and waged war
theAcadmie des Beaux-Arts
dominated French art
traditional French painting
standards of content and style.
The Acadmie was the preserver of
Impressionist techniques
Short, thick strokes of paint quickly capture the essence of the subject,
rather than its details. The paint is often appliedimpasto.
Colours are applied side-by-side with as little mixing as possible
Grays and dark tones are produced by mixingcomplementary colors. Pure
impressionsm avoids the use of black paint.
Wet paint is placed into wet paintwithout waiting for successive applications
to dry, producing softer edges and intermingling of colour.
Impressionist paintings do not exploit the transparency of thin paint films
(glazes), which earlier artists manipulated carefully to produce effects. The
impressionist painting surface is typically opaque.
The paint is applied to a white or light-coloured ground. Previously, painters
often used dark grey or strongly coloured grounds.
Artist
Edouard Manet
Father of Impressionism joined the group in 1873, but never stopped using
black
Claude Monet
Impression: Sunrise, most committed Impressionist painter, repeatedly
painted objects over and over to observe how light affects color
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Rosy-cheeked people in social settings
Mary Cassatt
America-born, known for women & children in natural domestic settings,
eventually influenced by Ukiyo-e Japanese prints
Berthe Morisot
Sister-in-Law of Manet, painted posed women in interior and outdoor
settings
Edouard Man
Edouard Manet
Olympia, 1863.
Mary CassattSummertime,1894.
Post-Impressionism
Post-Impressionism developed from Impressionism. From the 1880s several
artists began to develop different precepts for the use of colour, pattern, form,
and line, derived from the Impressionist example:Vincent van Gogh,Paul
Gauguin,Georges Seurat, andHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec
These artists were slightly younger than the Impressionists, and their work is
known as post-Impressionism. Some of the original Impressionist artists also
ventured into this new territory;Camille Pissarrobriefly painted in
apointillistmanner, and even Monet abandoned strictplein airpainting
Pointillism
Pointillism is done by
using hundreds of
tiny dots to make a
picture. From a
distance the colors
come together to
form the patterns,
lines and shapes.
Artist
George Seurat was a
famous pointillism artist
Pointllis
m
EXPRESSIONISM
1901-1927
ToExpressionism!
Expressionism is a term that was first coined in 1901 to distinguish
paintings done by neo-impressionists who tried to capture the
appearance of objects under a particular light and moment
Expressionism in painting emphasizes strong inner feelings about an
object
Portrays life as modified, twisted, and distorted by the artists personal
perception of reality
Does not try to imitate reality, but transform it.
what is expressionism?
Expressionism seeks to discover and examine the
essence of life, the internal, eternal meanings of facts,
objects, and people.
Expressionism seeks to find a deeper reality than on the
surface
Expressionism is not sight; it is vision
Expression in Visual
Arts:
Starry Night, Vincent
Van Gogh 1889z
Fauvism
Fauvism is the style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of the 20th century. Fauve artists used pure,
brilliant colour aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas. Their
works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by
Impressionism. Although fauvism was a short-lived movement (190508), its influence was international and basic to the
evolution of 20th-century art.
Origin
The paintings of the Fauves (Les Fauves) were characterized by seemingly wild brush work and strident colors. Fauvism
can be classified as an extreme development of Van Gogh's Post-Impressionism fused with the pointillism of Seurat and
other Neo-Impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac.
Fauvism can also be seen as a mode of Expressionism.
After viewing the boldly colored canvases and the crude paint application, which left areas of raw canvas exposed, was
appalling to viewers at the time of Henri Matisse, Andr Derain, Albert Marquet, Maurice de Vlaminck, Kees van
Dongen, Charles Camoin, and Jean Puy at the Salon d'Automne of 1905, the critic Louis Vauxcelles disparaged the
painters as "fauves" (wild beasts), thus giving their movement the name by which it became known, Fauvism.
Characteristics
In fauvism feeling is given grater prominence than thought.
Artists did not use medium to describe situations but to express emotion. So the manipulation goes beyond the accepted aesthetic
conventions.
It was essentially an expressionist style, characterized by bold distortion of forms and exuberant color. They used violent colours, which were
non realistic (displacement of colours)
Their draftsmanship was crude, through their unusual colours and shapes Fauves discovered new ways of expressing feeling.
They were chiefly influenced by the expressiveness of Van Gogh.
Decline
For most of artists, Fauvism was a transitional, learning stage. By 1908 a revived interest in Paul
Czannes vision of the order and structure of nature had led many of them to reject the turbulent
emotionalism of Fauvism in favour of the logic of Cubism. Matisse alone pursued the course he
had pioneered, achieving a sophisticated balance between his own emotions and the world he
painted.
Only Matisse continued to explore its possibilities after 1908. Most of the others contributed to the
development of new styles, such as cubism, which immediately followed the fauvist movement.
Georges Rouault, Head
of Christ, 1905
ORIGIN
Cubism began between
1907 and 1911.
Pable Picasso
Famous Cubist Work
Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907)
Dryad (1908)
Bread and Fruit dish on Table (1909)
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1910)
Guitar (1911)
Three Musicians (1921)
GEORGE BRAQUE
Picasso
Braque
PAINTINGS
Guitar,picasso (1911)
Portrait of daniel-henry
kahnweiler,picasso (1910)
Synthetic cubism is
much easier interpret
Women in an
armchair,picasso(1913)
Three musicians,picasso(1921)
CUBISM SCULPTURE
Cubist sculpture
developed in parallel
to Cubist painting.
The first true Cubist
sculpture was
Picasso's impressive
Woman's Head,
modeled in (1909-10).
Cubism
formed
an
CUBISM
important
link
between
ARCHITECTURE
early-20th-century
art and
architecture
Kurt Schwitters,Marzbau,Hangover(1924)
vorticism
Wyndhan-lewsi_redduvet_191.
Richard warres
Dazzle Camouflage
futurism
Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an
artistic and social movement that
originated in Italy in the early 20th century.
It emphasized and glorified themes
associated with contemporary concepts of
the future, including speed, technology,
youth and violence, and objects such as the
car, the aeroplane and the industrial city.
The Futurists practised in every medium of
art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics,
graphic design, industrial design, interior
design, urban design, theatre, film, fashion,
textiles, literature, music, architecture and
even gastronomy.
Italian
Futurism
Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic
tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong Futurists!"
Umberto Boccioni,
Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space
(1913)
Futurist
architecture
The Futurist architect Antonio
Sant'Elia expressed his ideas of
modernity in his drawings for La
Citt Nuova (The New City) (1912
1914).
Futurist architects were
sometimes at odds with the
Fascist state's tendency towards
Roman imperial-classical
aesthetic patterns. Nevertheless,
several Futurist buildings were
built in the years 19201940,
including public buildings such as
railway stations, maritime resorts
and post offices.
An example of Futurist architecture
by Antonio Sant'Elia
Russian Futurism
The Russian Futurists sought
controversy by repudiating the art
of the past, saying that Pushkin
and Dostoevsky should be "heaved
overboard from the steamship of
modernity". They acknowledged
no authority and professed not to
owe anything even to Marinetti,
whose principles they had earlier
adopted, obstructing him when he
came to Russia to proselytize in
1914.
The movement began to decline
after the revolution of 1917.
Russian Futurism "working in the years .Russian Futurism and David Burliuk
Dadaism
Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. Dada activities included public
gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics
often discussed in a variety of media.
Nude Descending a
Staircase, 1912
Key figures in the movement included Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Hans Arp, Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Hch, Johannes
Baader, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Richard Huelsenbeck, George Grosz, John Heartfield, Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice
Wood, Kurt Schwitters, and Hans Richter, among others.
Art techniques
Collage: The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of
paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to
portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life.
Assemblage: The assemblages were three-dimensional variations of the collage the assembly of everyday objects to
produce meaningful or meaningless (relative to the war) pieces of work including war objects and trash. Objects were
nailed, screwed or fastened together in different fashions.
Readymades: Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called
"readymades". One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R.
Mutt", titled "Fountain.
Jean Arp,
Bird
Kurt Schwitters,
Merz Collage
Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for
performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a
celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s
and the movement that laid the foundation for Surrealism.
More than
real ,better than
Surrealism
Origin
Surrealismis acultural
movementthat began in the early
1920s, and is best known for its
visual artworks and writings.
The aim was to "resolve the
previously contradictory conditions
of dream and reality."
Artists painted unnerving, illogical
scenes with photographic precision,
created strange creatures from
everyday objects and developed
painting techniques that allowed
the unconscious to express itself
and/or an idea/concept
Characteristics
Reaction to chaos of WW1
Influence of Freud:Of Surrealist
Dreams and subconscious
Paintings
Impossible scale
Reversal of natural laws
Double images
juxtaposition
Techniques
Surrealism has the same
lack of prejudice of
dadaism both in the use of
photographic procedures
and object production out
of their normal use
Traditional techniques,
because those can be
appropriate for depicting
imagination
Rob gonslave
Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)
The father of psychoanalysis
In 1900, freud published The
Interpretation Of Dreams, and
introduced the wider public to the
nation of the unconscious mind
Theorized that forgetfulness or slips
of the tongue (now called Freudian
slips ) were not accidental at all,
but it was the dynamics
unconscious "revealing something
meaningful.
He said Dreams are often most
profound when they seem the most
crazy.
Sigmund Freud
Andre Breton
Surrealism is based on the belief in
the superior reality of the dream
French artist and founder of
surrealism
One of the original dadaist
movement artists
He says: You know the dada
moment we would like to
spend about and this
surrealism was liked dada
with program. Essentially
with a concept manifesto and
not just creating that would
just shock but creating
something out of ordinary
and dream like type stage.
Veristic Surrealists
Automatic
Surrealism
Veristic Surrealists
Rene Magritte
He is the artist who worked in
a deepest way the lack of
logic of the image
He invented the anti history
He discovered the nonsense
of the normal
He created with great details
and reailsm images of
ambiguous significance that
could have a double sense
Rene magritte
His work
The lovers,1928
Golconde,1953
Salvador Dali
Highly rhetorical works
Mix of lubricous and holy
Very complicated
compositions his view is
full of sexual connotations
He overcame cynically the
bolshevism
Ambiguous mix of reaction
and anarchy.
Persistence of memory,1931
Sleep,salvador dali
Roy Lichtenstein
History
1950s!
Period of optimism
Consumer boom
Products mass marketed,
advertised
Independent Group
Influences
Pop art widely interpreted
reversal or reaction to Abstract
Expression
Emotional expression with particular
emphasis on the spontaneous ac
Characteristic
Brings back the subject
Questions art as a commodity
and as a unique art form
Everyday subject matter
Marked by
Clear lines
Bold and loud colours
Sharp paintwork
Clear representations of symbols,
objects, and people common in
pop culture.
Techniques
Central focus on= commercial art
Styles of popular culture and the mass
media
News papers, comics, advertising,
consumer goods
Mass production
Low cost
Expendable
ROY
LICHTENSTEIN
Roy Lichtenstein
Thunderbolt,1966
Andy Warhol
Born on 8th
Aughust,1928
One of the most
influential artists on the
20th century
Famous for :Avant-guard
popart paintings and
Screen printings
Andy
WHAT IS MINIMALISM
Minimalism is a style
that uses pared down
design element.
Minimalism began
during 50s and 70s.
Minimalism artist use
simple geometric
shapes in reapted
patterns to create art.
ORIGIN
Primarily an American Art movement.
Minimalism began in post World War II.
Works surfaced primarily in 1950s and
1960s.
GOAL
MINIMALISM ART
Minimalism art derived
from the reductive
aspect of modernism.
Minimalism art is also
inspired in part by the
paintings of Barnrtt
Newman,Josef Alber.
Kazimir Malevich,Black square(1915)
MINIMALISM
DESIGN
Minimalist
design is any
design where
the simplest
and fewest
elements are
used to create
the maximum
value.
Pyramid,Care Andre(1959)
Untitled,Donald Judd
(1965)
MINIMLISM
ARCHITECTURE
Minimalism
architecture
simplifies living
space to reveal
the essential
quality of
buildings and
conveys
simplicity in
attitudes towards
life.
It became
popular in the
late 1980s in
London and New
York.
House T
Helechos
Ombues
House G
Loft forest
About
season
Features
Very much inspired from
Japan flowing art ,stained
glass, curved glass, plant
like embellishment,
asymmetrical shapes,
mosaics
Pierre Francastel divides
art nouveau on organic
and rationalists
Presented by
Aman dean ambroz
Akash kumar
Anamika sonai
Nidhi Chauhan
Rimjhim bharati
Shaheb kumar