Industrial Automation: Presented By: Siddharth Garg ECE 3147

Industrial Automation
Presented by:
Siddharth Garg
ECE
3147
Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE
What is Automation?
As the name suggest Automation means to
perform automatic operations by means of
different kinds of machines.
Automation is the use of control systems and
information technologies to reduce the need
for human work in the production of goods and
services. In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond mechanization.
It is used to reduce human interference and an
efforts.
Tools of Automation
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
Programmable Logical
Circuit(PLC)
Introduction to Programmable
Logical Circuits (PLC)
What is PLC?
A digitally operating electronic
apparatus which uses a
programming memory for the
internal storage of instructions for
implementing specific functions such
as logic, sequencing, timing,
counting and arithmetic to control
through digital or analog modules,
various types of machines or
Leading brands of PLC

Brand name
Software Used
Allen Bradley RS logix 5000
Mitsubishi
Gx Developer
Schneider
Zelio soft/twido soft
Siemens
Step7 Microwin
Omron
Wpl soft
Delta
Win Pro ladder
Fatek
PLC Overview
Major Components
of PLC
1) Rack Assembly
Most medium to large PLC systems are
assembled such that the individual components
CPU, Input/output, Power Supply are modules
that are held together within a rack.
2) Power Supply
The power supply provides power for the PLC
system. The power supply provides internal DC
current to operate the processor logic circuitry
and input/output assemblies. Common power
levels used are 24V DC or 120 VAC.
3) Processor (CPU)
The processor, central processing unit, or CPU is the
brain of the PLC. The size and type of CPU will
determine things like: the programming functions
available, size of the application logic available,
amount of memory available, and processing speed.
4) Input/output Assembly
Inputs carry signals from the process into the
controller, they can be input switches, pressure
sensors, operator inputs, etc. These are like the
senses and sensors of the PLC.
Outputs are the devices that the PLC uses to send
changes out to the world. These are the actuator the
PLC can change to adjust or control the process
motors, lights, relays, pumps, etc.
5) Programming Device
The PLC is programmed using a
specialty programmer or software on
a computer that can load and change
the logic inside. Most modern PLCs
are programmed using software on a
PC or laptop computer. Older
systems used a custom programming
device.
10
Types of PLC I/P device
Proximity sensors
Manually
operated
button
Mechanically
operated switches
11
PLC programming units

Normally open (NO) and Normally
closed(NC) gates: Power flows through these
contacts when they are closed.
Timers: Timers are devices that count increments of time.

Traffic lights are one example where timers are used.
Counters: Counters used in PLCs serve the same function
as mechanical counters. Counters compare an
accumulated value to a preset value to control circuit
functions.
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Example of a PLC Ladder

Program
13
Advantages of PLCs
Less wiring.
Wiring between devices and relay contacts are done in
the PLC program.
Easier and faster to make changes.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and
reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for
years before failure
14
SCADA
15
What is SCADA?
SCADA
is
Supervisory
Control
and
Data
Acquisition real time industrial process control
systems used to centrally monitor and control
remote or local industrial equipment such as
motors, valves, pumps, relays, etc.
A SCADA system gathers information (such as
where a leak on a pipeline has occurred), transfers
the information back to a central site, then alerts
the home station that a leak has occurred, carrying
out necessary analysis and control, such as
determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the
information in a logical and organized fashion.
16
Why SCADA?
Saves Time and Money
Reduces man-power needs
Increases production efficiency of a
company
Cost effective for power systems
Saves energy
Reliable
Supervisory control over a particular
system
17
Human Machine
Interface (HMI)
18
What is HMI?
A human machine interface (HMI) is an interface
which permits interaction between a human being
and a machine.
Human machine interfaces vary widely, from
control panels for nuclear power plants to the
screen and input buttons on a cell phone.
Two components are needed in a human machine
interface. The first is an input. A human user needs
some way to tell the machine what to do, to make
requests of the machine, or to adjust the machine.
Examples of input devices include keyboards,
toggles, switches, touch screens,
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Variable Frequency Drive

(VFD)
20
What is VFD?
VFD or Variable Frequency Drives are used to
run the motors of single phase or three phase
supply.
VFD is used to accelerate and de-accelerate
the speed of motor with in a particular time.
It adjusts the speed of an HVAC fan or pump
motor, based on demand, to save energy and
prolong motor and mechanical component life .
Without a VFD, an HVAC fan or pump
motor is either 100% on or 100% off
21
Advantages of VFD
Dynamic braking stops the system
more quickly than coasting
Highly efficient
Low power consumption
Small space consumption
Low cost
Easy to use
Highly specific
22
THANK YOU
23

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Industrial Automation

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Leading brands of PLC

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Types of PLC I/P device

PLC programming units

Timers: Timers are devices that count increments of time.

Example of a PLC Ladder

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Variable Frequency Drive

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

Siddharth Garg| DITM| B.tech| ECE

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