Cardiovascular Dynamics Physiolab
Cardiovascular Dynamics Physiolab
Cardiovascular Dynamics Physiolab
Group 7
Naceno
Neptuno
Pacia
Pajarillo
Introduction
http://www.livescience.com/22486-circulatory-system.html
Cardiovascular Dynamics
Composed of a pump or the heart
and blood vessels that distribute
blood containing oxygen
Flow=pressure gradient/resistance
Blood flow is defined as the amount
of blood moving through a body area
or the entire cardiovascular system
in a given amount of time
Cardiovascular Dynamics
Total Blood flow is determined by
cardiac output
Blood flow can increase to some
areas and decrease at other areas at
the SAME time
Resistance is a measure of the
degree to which the blood vessel
hinders or resists the flow of blood
Cardiovascular Dynamics
Smaller blood vessel radius, greater the
resistance because of the frictional drag
between the blood and vessel walls
Vasconstriction is the contraction of
smooth muscle of the blood vessel and
results in decrease of blood vessel radius
Vasodilation is the relaxation of the
smooth muscle of the blood vessel which
causes increase in vessel radius
Cardiovascular Dynamics
The longer the vessel length, greater
the resistance ( because of friction
between blood and vessel wall)
Viscosity is blood thickness and
determined by hematocrit (fractional
contribution of RBC to total blood
volume)
High hematocrit, greater viscosity
Cardiovascular Dynamics
Blood flow is directly proportional to
blood pressure
Blood flow(ml/min)= Pressure
difference/peripheral resistance
Objectives
To understand how blood vessel radius, viscosity,
blood vessel length, and blood pressure affect
blood flow rate
To interpret plots of blood vessel radius, viscosity,
blood vessel length, and blood pressure versus
blood flow rate
To understand how a change in blood vessel radius
affects flow rate and heart rate
To explore how heart rate and stroke volume
contribute to cardiac output and blood flow
To understand how the heart compensates for
changes in afterload
Materials
Activities 1-4:
Left beaker simulates blood flowing
from the heart
Flow tube between the left and right
beaker simulates an artery
Right beaker another organ
Materials
Activities 5-7:
Left beaker blood coming from the lungs
Flow tube connecting the left beaker and the
pump pulmonary veins
Pump left ventricle
Left valve biscuspid valve
Right valve aortic semilunar valve
Flow tube connecting the pump and the right
beaker aorta
Right beaker blood going to the systemic circuit
Methods
Activities 1-4
Methods
Activities 5-7:
Compensation in
pathological cardiovascular
conditions
Compensation in
pathological cardiovascular
conditions
Compensation in
pathological cardiovascular
conditions
Atherosclerosis
Plaques in arteries
Can cause an increase in resistance,
which results to a decrease in flow rate
A type of arteriosclerosis in which
the arteries have lost their elasticity
Leads to heart disease
Compensation in
pathological cardiovascular
conditions
3 compensation mechanisms to
improve flow rate
1.Increasing the left flow tube radius
(preload)
2.Increasing the pumps pressure
(contractility)
3.Decreasing the pressure in the right
beaker (afterload)
Compensation in
pathological cardiovascular
conditions
Conclusions
Conclusions
Increasing the blood vessel radius would result
to an increase in blood flow rate and they have
an exponential relationship
The flow rate exponentially decreases as blood
viscosity is increased
The flow rate exponentially decreases as blood
vessel length is increased
There is a linear relationship between the blood
pressure and flow rate. Increasing the pressure
would result to a corresponding increase in
blood flow rate
Conclusions
The flow rate exponentially increases
as the blood vessel radius is
increased
the flow rate is at constant as the
stroke volume is increased
The cardiovascular system can
compensate at a certain degree to
some pathological irregularities