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    Cause and Effects

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    Primary Agi Karasugi
    This document was written by a group of students and provides information about volcanoes. It defines volcanoes and describes the different types, including cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's mantle and erupts. Eruptions occur due to differences in density and pressure. While eruptions can cause destruction, volcanoes also provide benefits like fertile soil and geothermal energy. The students wrote the text to educate others about volcanoes.

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    Cause and Effects

    Uploaded by

    Primary Agi Karasugi
    53 views22 pages
    This document was written by a group of students and provides information about volcanoes. It defines volcanoes and describes the different types, including cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's mantle and erupts. Eruptions occur due to differences in density and pressure. While eruptions can cause destruction, volcanoes also provide benefits like fertile soil and geothermal energy. The students wrote the text to educate others about volcanoes.

    Original Description:

    Definition, Cause and Effects of Volcano. Penjelasan, Penyebab dan Akibat dari Gunung Berapi.

    Original Title

    Volcanoes

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    This document was written by a group of students and provides information about volcanoes. It defines volcanoes and describes the different types, including cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's mantle and erupts. Eruptions occur due to differences in density and pressure. While eruptions can cause destruction, volcanoes also provide benefits like fertile soil and geothermal energy. The students wrote the text to educate others about volcanoes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views22 pages

    Cause and Effects

    Uploaded by

    Primary Agi Karasugi
    This document was written by a group of students and provides information about volcanoes. It defines volcanoes and describes the different types, including cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's mantle and erupts. Eruptions occur due to differences in density and pressure. While eruptions can cause destruction, volcanoes also provide benefits like fertile soil and geothermal energy. The students wrote the text to educate others about volcanoes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    CAUSE AND

    EFFECTS

    VOLCANOES

    Group Members
    Putu Agastya
    (03)
    I Putu Agi Karasugi (04)
    Cintya Meriasti
    (13)
    Dandy Christopher (14)

    DEFINITION
    A volcano is simply a rupture (opening or vent) on the
    earth's surface (crust) through which molten magma
    (extremely hot mixture of gases, lava, ash and other
    burning substances) escape on to the earth's surface.
    These volcanoes can erupt and pose many hazards. An
    erupting

    volcano

    can

    produce

    sulfuric

    acid

    and

    poisonous ash and trigger tsunamis, flash floods,


    earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.
    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Scientists have categorized volcanoes into three


    main categories: active, dormant, and extinct.
    An active volcano is one which has recently
    erupted and there is a possibility that it may
    erupt soon. A dormant volcano is one which
    has not erupted in a long time but there is a
    possibility it can erupt in the future. An extinct
    volcano is one which has erupted thousands of
    years ago and theres no possibility of eruption.
    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Volcanoes are grouped into three types: cinder cones,


    composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes and lava
    volcanoes.

    Cinder Cones

    Composite Volcanoes

    Shield Volcanoes

    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Cinder cones are circular or oval cones made up of


    small fragments of lava from a single vent that have
    been blown into the air, cooled and fallen around the
    vent.

    Composite volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes


    composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually
    made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris.

    Shield volcanoes are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or


    shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by
    basaltic lava flows. Basalt lava flows from these
    volcanoes are called flood basalts.

    Cinder Cone Volcanoes

    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Composite Volcanoes

    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Shield Volcanoes

    DANDY CHRISTOPHER (14)

    Causes
    Volcanoes are formed when magma from within
    the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the
    surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava
    flows and ash deposits. Over time as the
    volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and
    bigger.

    Putu Agastya (03)

    Volcanoes erupt because of density and pressure.


    The lower density of the magma relative to the
    surrounding rocks causes it to rise (like air bubbles in
    soda). It will rise to the surface or to a depth that is
    determined by the density of the magma and the
    weight of the rocks above it. As the magma rises,
    bubbles start to form from the gas dissolved in the
    magma. The gas bubbles exert tremendous pressure.
    This pressure helps to bring the magma to the surface
    and forces it in the air, sometimes to great heights.
    Putu Agastya (03)

    ERUPTION PROCESS

    Putu Agastya (03)

    UNDERSEA ERUPTION

    Putu Agastya (03)

    EFFECTS
    Unlike other natural disasters such as floods, wild fires and
    earthquakes, volcanoes can have some positive effects, even
    though they can be very disastrous.
    Negative effects can include:
    Eruptions occurring close to human settlements may spill and
    destroy lives and buildings. People often have to be evacuated.
    Ash discharged very high into the stratosphere can have
    negative consequences on the ozone layer.
    Landscapes and natural sceneries can be destroyed.
    Ash and mud can mix with rain and melting snow, forming
    lahars. Lahars are mudflows flowing at very fast pace.

    Cintya Meriasti (13)

    And the positive effects:


    Different types of erupting volcanoes provide
    extraordinary scenery, so beautiful and natural
    that they attract tourists to the area, bringing in
    some economic value.
    Places close to volcanic activities tend to have
    higher potential for geothermal energy, which
    can be an advantage to the towns and cities.
    Some ash and lava breakdown become soils
    that are rich in nutrients, and become good
    areas for crop planting activities.

    Cintya Meriasti (13)

    Mt. Rabaul aftermath

    Cintya Meriasti (13)

    Building destroyed by lava

    Cintya Meriasti (13)

    Mount St. Helens, Post-Eruption

    Cintya Meriasti (13)

    Conclusion
    In conclusion, volcanoes are cracks in the Earths crusts where magma has
    reached the surface and turned into lava. There are about 500 volcanoes spread out
    all over the world. Although volcanoes are most known for the destruction they can
    do, there are some cases where volcanoes have helped create lands such as the
    beautiful Hawaiian Islands. There is no experience that is more impressive than
    seeing one of these spectacular volcanoes, and they are sure to leave lasting
    impressions on people of any age.
    Volcanologists look for clues that will help them predict when a volcano will
    erupt. Thanks for their dangerous work, many lives can be saved from what
    volcanologists discover.

    I Putu Agi Karasugi (04)

    Who wrote the text?


    We wrote the text together

    Who is the text likely to be for?


    The text is likely for the students and people

    who wants to know more about volcanoes

    The purpose of writing the text


    The purpose is to give the idea about

    volcano and to expand their knowledge

    The advantages of using the expressions of


    cause and effect are such as:
    They can relate a happening event to the
    source reasons
    They can give more detailed explanation about
    an event
    Ease people to read an event. They can find
    the cause and learn the effects quickly

    THANK YOU

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